scholarly journals Evaluation of Permanent Deformation of CRM-Reinforced SMA and Its Correlation with Dynamic Stiffness and Dynamic Creep

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nuha Salim Mashaan ◽  
Mohamed Rehan Karim
Keyword(s):  
Resilient Modulus ◽  
Dynamic Stiffness ◽  
Permanent Deformation ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Asphalt Mixture ◽  
Crumb Rubber ◽  
Green Technology ◽  
Waste Materials ◽  
Dynamic Creep ◽  
Waste Tyre

Today, rapid economic and industrial growth generates increasing amounts of waste materials such as waste tyre rubber. Attempts to inspire a green technology which is more environmentally friendly that can produce economic value are a major consideration in the utilization of waste materials. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of waste tyre rubber (crumb rubber modifier (CRM)), in stone mastic asphalt (SMA 20) performance. The virgin bitumen (80/100) penetration grade was used, modified with crumb rubber at four different modification levels, namely, 6%, 12%, 16%, and 20% by weight of the bitumen. The testing undertaken on the asphalt mix comprises the indirect tensile (dynamic stiffness), dynamic creep, and wheel tracking tests. By the experimentation, the appropriate amount of CRM was found to be 16% by weight of bitumen. The results show that the addition of CRM into the mixture has an obvious significant effect on the performance properties of SMA which could improve the mixture's resistance against permanent deformation. Further, higher correlation coefficient was obtained between the rut depth and permanent strain as compared to resilient modulus; thus dynamic creep test might be a more reliable test in evaluating the rut resistance of asphalt mixture.

scholarly journals MECHANICAL PERFORMANCE OF ASPHALT MIXTURE CONTAINING CUP LUMP RUBBER

2019 ◽  
Vol 81 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Norfazira Mohd Azahar ◽  
Norhidayah Abdul Hassan ◽  
Ramadhansyah Putra Jaya ◽  
Hasanan Md. Nor ◽  
Mohd Khairul Idham Mohd Satar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Resilient Modulus ◽  
Permanent Deformation ◽  
Asphalt Binder ◽  
Asphalt Mixture ◽  
Modified Asphalt ◽  
Dynamic Creep ◽  
Aging Conditions ◽  
Public Work Department ◽  
Indirect Tensile

The use of cup lump rubber as an additive in asphalt binder has recently become the main interest of the paving industry. The innovation helps to increase the natural rubber consumption and stabilize the rubber price. This study evaluates the mechanical performance of cup lump rubber modified asphalt (CMA) mixture in terms of resilient modulus, dynamic creep and indirect tensile strength under aging conditions. The CMA mixture was prepared using dense-graded Marshall-designed mix and the observed behavior was compared with that of conventional mixture. From the results, both mixtures passed the volumetric properties as accordance to Malaysian Public Work Department (PWD) specification. The addition of cup lump rubber provides better resistance against permanent deformation through the enhanced properties of resilient modulus and dynamic creep. Furthermore, the resilient modulus of CMA mixture performed better under aging conditions.  

A Review of the Utilisation of Recycled Waste Material as an Alternative Modifier in Asphalt Mixtures

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 42-60
Author(s):  
Abdalrhman Abrahim Milad ◽  
Ahmed Suliman B. Ali ◽  
Nur Izzi Md Yusoff
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Permanent Deformation ◽  
Steel Slag ◽  
Asphalt Mixture ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Crumb Rubber ◽  
Asphalt Mixtures ◽  
Waste Material ◽  
Waste Materials ◽  
The Road

The possibility of using waste materials in road construction is of great interest as their utilisation may contribute to reducing the problems of hazard and pollution and conserve natural resources. Thus, there is an urgent need to find a sustainable method for using waste materials as a substitute in the standard asphalt binders. There are several concerns about the physical and chemical properties and mechanical performance of asphalt pavements incorporated with waste material in the effort to reduce permanent deformation of the road surface. This review article presents a brief discussion of the asphalt mixtures modified with waste material, and the recycled materials used as a modifier in the asphalt mixture. The present paper summarises the use of crumb rubber, crushed concrete, steel slag, glass fibre and plastic waste in asphalt mixtures. The use of waste materials as a modifier in asphalt mixture resulted in improved asphalt pavement performance. Results advocate that rubberised asphalt mixture with desired properties can be designed as an additive with a friendly environmental approach in construction materials. The researches that adopted the influence of usage, recycle waste material to improve the performance of the asphalt of the road are still limited compared to other construction fields. Doi: 10.28991/cej-2020-SP(EMCE)-05 Full Text: PDF

scholarly journals Evaluation of Fatigue Life of CRM-Reinforced SMA and Its Relationship to Dynamic Stiffness

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nuha Salim Mashaan ◽  
Mohamed Rehan Karim ◽  
Mahrez Abdel Aziz ◽  
Mohd Rasdan Ibrahim ◽  
Herda Yati Katman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatigue Life ◽  
Fatigue Test ◽  
Resilient Modulus ◽  
Dynamic Stiffness ◽  
Asphalt Mixture ◽  
Fatigue Cracking ◽  
Crumb Rubber ◽  
Fatigue Properties ◽  
Tensile Fatigue ◽  
Indirect Tensile

Fatigue cracking is an essential problem of asphalt concrete that contributes to pavement damage. Although stone matrix asphalt (SMA) has significantly provided resistance to rutting failure, its resistance to fatigue failure is yet to be fully addressed. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of crumb rubber modifier (CRM) on stiffness and fatigue properties of SMA mixtures at optimum binder content, using four different modification levels, namely, 6%, 8%, 10%, and 12% CRM by weight of the bitumen. The testing undertaken on the asphalt mix comprises the dynamic stiffness (indirect tensile test), dynamic creep (repeated load creep), and fatigue test (indirect tensile fatigue test) at temperature of 25°C. The indirect tensile fatigue test was conducted at three different stress levels (200, 300, and 400 kPa). Experimental results indicate that CRM-reinforced SMA mixtures exhibit significantly higher fatigue life compared to the mixtures without CRM. Further, higher correlation coefficient was obtained between the fatigue life and resilient modulus as compared to permanent strain; thus resilient modulus might be a more reliable indicator in evaluating the fatigue life of asphalt mixture.

Influences of Crumb Rubber Sizes on Hot Mix Asphalt Mixture

2014 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gizing Sami Hamad ◽  
Ramadhansyah Putra Jaya ◽  
Norhidayah Abdul Hassan ◽  
Md. Maniruzzaman A. Aziz ◽  
Mohd Ibrahim Mohd Yusak
Keyword(s):  
Hot Mix Asphalt ◽  
Resilient Modulus ◽  
Permanent Deformation ◽  
Asphalt Mixture ◽  
Crumb Rubber ◽  
Engineering Properties ◽  
Dry Process ◽  
Alternative Material ◽  
Partial Interaction ◽  
Pavement Construction

Crumb rubbers (CRs) have been proposed as pavement components because they are waste materials. Previous studies have attempted to find alternative material in pavement construction that act as additives or property modifier. The current study presents a laboratory experiment using CR recycled from discarded vehicle tiresas additives in hot mix asphalt (HMA). CR was added using the dry process technique. Three rubber sizes were used with the following measurement: 0.15, 0.425, and 1.18mm. CR was added 2% of the weight of total aggregates. Bitumen80/100 penetration was used throughout the experiment. The effect of CR size on the mixture was investigated in terms of resilient modulus, indirect tensile strength (ITS), stability and dynamic creep. Experimental results revealed that the four engineering properties decreased when CR was added to HMA and when CR size was increased. However, the increasedCR size similarly increased the permanent deformation values. The data analysisshowed that 0.15mm CR is the most effective material for asphalt mixturebecause of the partial interaction between rubber particles and bitumen.

Laboratory Investigation on the Effects of Flaky Aggregates on Dynamic Creep and Resilient Modulus of Asphalt Mixtures

2014 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohd Zul Hanif Mahmud ◽  
Haryati Yaacob ◽  
Ramadhansyah Putra Jaya ◽  
Norhidayah Abdul Hassan
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Tests ◽  
Significant Contribution ◽  
Resilient Modulus ◽  
Permanent Deformation ◽  
Asphalt Mixture ◽  
Tensile Modulus ◽  
Asphalt Mixtures ◽  
Dynamic Creep ◽  
Bitumen Content ◽  
Indirect Tensile

This paper presents an investigation on the effects of flaky aggregates in asphalt mixture. In general, aggregate characteristics are critical to the performance of asphalt mixture. Therefore, flaky aggregate is normally avoided simply because it has significant contribution towards the gradation and reduces the interlocking characteristics of aggregates within asphalt mixture. In practice, it is recommended that the amount of flakiness aggregate should be limited to 25% or less. This study evaluates the mechanical properties of asphalt mixture specimens prepared with various percentages of flaky aggregates particularly 10%, 20% and 30% by the total weight of the mixture. Several laboratory tests were conducted including Marshall properties test, Indirect Tensile Modulus test and Dynamic Creep test. The results show that higher bitumen content is required with the increased in the amount of flaky aggregates added to mixture. Furthermore, greater amount of flaky aggregates tends to reduce the mixture’s resilient modulus and its resistance against permanent deformation.

scholarly journals Performance of Charcoal Coconut Shell Ash in the Asphalt Mixture under Long Term Aging

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3S3) ◽  
pp. 383-387
Keyword(s):  
Resilient Modulus ◽  
Permanent Deformation ◽  
Asphalt Mixture ◽  
Coconut Shell ◽  
The Road ◽  
Dynamic Creep ◽  
Coconut Shell Ash ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Marshall Stability

Improvement in transportation system is never been as easy as just providing links for better connection and network but more to do with the pavement quality of the road itself. Modification with agriculture waste is just another approach to enhance the performance of asphaltic concrete. In this study, a non-traditional bitumen modifier from a coconut shell which is the charcoal coconut shell ash (CCSA) was used. Addition of CCSA in bitumen with 0%, 2%, 4%, 6%, and 8% by weight of bitumen were investigated along with the laboratory stimulation of aging was applied in this study. Properties of modified asphalt mixture were determined using resilient modulus, dynamic creep and Marshall Stability test.. Results of samples with CCSA which underwent aging show some improvement in terms of the stability and permanent deformation characteristics. Resilient modulus, dynamic creep and Marshall Stability tests recorded the highest rates when compared to controlled sample. Hence, for more durable asphalt concrete and high serviceability it is recommended to use 2% to 4% of CCSA.

The Performance of Styrene Butadiene Rubber on the Engineering Properties of Asphaltic Concrete AC14

2016 ◽  
Vol 700 ◽  
pp. 238-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dewi Sri Jayanti ◽  
Ramadhansyah Putra Jaya ◽  
Siti Aspalaili Mohamd Sharif ◽  
Norhidayah Abdul Hassan ◽  
Siti Nur Amiera Jeffry ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resilient Modulus ◽  
Asphalt Mixture ◽  
Engineering Properties ◽  
Styrene Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Asphaltic Concrete ◽  
Dynamic Creep ◽  
Creep Stiffness ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Styrene Butadiene

This study investigated the effects of adding various percentages of styrene–butadiene rubber (SBR) on the engineering properties and performance of asphaltic concrete. SBR was added into the mixture at 0%, 1%, 3%, and 5% on a mass-to-mass basis. Conventional bitumen used in this study was 80/100 PEN. The performances of SBR on the asphalt mixture properties were evaluated based on Marshall Stability, abrasion loss, resilient modulus, and dynamic creep test. Results indicated an improvement in the engineering properties and performance with the addition of SBR content. For instance, stability increased by 18.8% as the SBR content increased from 0% to 5%. Dynamic creep stiffness also increased by 46.2%. Similarly, the resilient modulus was also found to increase by approximately 84.6%.

scholarly journals Functional and environmental performance of plant-produced crumb rubber asphalt mixtures using the dry process

2021 ◽  
Vol 54 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Bueno ◽  
R. Haag ◽  
N. Heeb ◽  
P. Mikhailenko ◽  
L. Boesiger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Performance ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Fatigue Behavior ◽  
Permanent Deformation ◽  
Asphalt Mixture ◽  
Crumb Rubber ◽  
Asphalt Mixtures ◽  
Gaseous Emissions ◽  
Dry Process

AbstractIncorporating crumb rubber (CR) using the dry process, directly in the asphalt mixture rather than into the bituminous binder requires no plant retrofitting, and therefore is the most practical industrial method for CR incorporation into asphalt mixtures. Nevertheless, very few large scale studies have been conducted. This work uses a holistic approach and reports on the functional and environmental performance of asphalt mixtures with different concentrations of CR fabricated employing the dry process in asphalt plants. Gaseous emissions were monitored during the production and laboratory leaching tests simulating the release of pollutants during rain, was conducted to evaluate the toxicology of both the CR material alone and the modified asphalt mixtures. In addition, laboratory compacted samples were tested to assess their fatigue behavior. Furthermore, noise relevant surface properties of large roller compacted slabs were evaluated before and after being subjected to a load simulator (MMLS3) to evaluate their resistance to permanent deformation. The results confirm that comparable performance can be achieved with the incorporation of CR using the dry process for high performance surfaces such as semi-dense asphalt, which usually require the use of polymer modified binders. Environmental performance improvement can be achieved by a washing step of the CR material that could remove polar CR additives which have commonly been used as vulcanization accelerator during rubber production.

Effect of Crumb Rubber Modifier on Pavement Performance of Wearing Course Asphalt Mixture

2010 ◽  
Vol 168-170 ◽  
pp. 1145-1148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin Qiu ◽  
Lan Yun Chen ◽  
Liang Xue
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Permanent Deformation ◽  
Asphalt Mixture ◽  
Moisture Damage ◽  
Crumb Rubber ◽  
Total Weight ◽  
Pavement Performance ◽  
Wet Process ◽  
Low Temperature Cracking ◽  
Improved Performance

The paper investigates the effects of different concentrations of crumb rubber (CR) on the pavement performance of the conventional penetration-grade 80/100 bitumen and the dense-graded wearing course asphalt mixture (AC16). A wet process and 0.6mm size CR were used and the control variables included three types of CR of concentrations 5%,10% and 15% by total weight of binder. The evaluations were twofold. Firstly, a comparison of the basic and rheological properties of those modified and unmodified binders was conducted. Secondly, a comparison of the resistance to moisture damage, low temperature cracking and permanent deformation of the AC16 and CR modified AC16 was performed. The results show that all the CR modified binders and mixtures are found to have improved performance as evaluated by a series of laboratory tests. In addition, among three CR concentrations, AC16 modified with 10%CR by total weight of binder exhibits the most satisfactory performance properties with respect to the resistance to moisture damage, permanent deformation and low temperature cracking.

scholarly journals Rutting and Fatigue Performance Evaluation of Qingchuan Rock Modified Asphalt Mixture

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 511-523 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Limin ◽  
He Zhaoyi ◽  
Liu Weidong ◽  
Hu Cheng ◽  
Liu Yang
Keyword(s):  
Fatigue Damage ◽  
Resilient Modulus ◽  
Asphalt Pavement ◽  
Asphalt Mixture ◽  
Fatigue Performance ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Loading Test ◽  
Modified Asphalt ◽  
Tensile Fatigue ◽  
Dynamic Creep

To solve the problem of rutting and fatigue damage to asphalt pavement, rutting and fatigue performances of Qingchuan rock asphalt modified asphalt were studied, based on the dynamic shear rheometer test, the dynamic creep test, the rutting test, the indirect tensile fatigue test, the small-sized acceleration loading test, the compressive resilient modulus test, the BISAR3.0 Program and the rutting calculation method based on dynamic finite element method. The results indicate that Qingchuan rock asphalt modifier can obviously improve the anti-fatigue performance and anti-rutting performance of asphalt pavement. Taking the anti-rutting performance and the raw-material price of asphalt into consideration, a rock asphalt optimum content ranging from 5% to 8% is suggested. Qingchuan rock asphalt is a good modifier to solve the rutting and the fatigue damage of asphalt pavement.

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