scholarly journals Molecular Genetic Diversity and Quantitation of Methanogen in Ruminal Fluid of Buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) Fed Ration (Wheat Straw and Concentrate Mixture Diet)

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. M. Singh ◽  
A. K. Tripathi ◽  
P. R. Pandya ◽  
S. Parnerkar ◽  
R. K. Kothari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Bubalus Bubalis ◽  
Methane Emissions ◽  
Operational Taxonomic Units ◽  
Molecular Genetic Diversity ◽  
Concentrate Mixture ◽  
Encoding Genes ◽  
Surti Buffalo ◽  
Uncultured Archaea

High roughage diet causes more methane emissions; however, the total methanogen abundance is not influenced by roughage proportion. Technologies to reduce methane emissions are lacking, and development of inhibitors and vaccines that mitigate rumen-derived methane by targeting methanogens relies on present knowledge of the methanogens. In this work, we have investigated molecular diversity of rumen methanogens of Surti buffalo. DNA from rumen fluid was extracted, and 16S rRNA encoding genes were amplified using methanogen specific primer to generate 16S rDNA clone libraries. Seventy-six clones were randomly selected and analysed by RFLP resulting in 21 operational taxonomic units (OTUs). BLAST analysis with available sequences in database revealed sequences of 13 OTUs (55 clones) showing similarity with Methanomicrobium sp, 3 OTUs (15 clones) with Methanobrevibacter sp. The remaining 5 OTUs (6 clones) belonged to uncultured archaea. The phylogenetic analysis indicated that methanogenic communities found in the library were clustered in the order of Methanomicrobiales (18 OTUs) and Methanobacteriales (3 OTUs). The population of Methanomicrobiales, Methanobacteriales, and Methanococcales were also observed, accounting for 1.94%, 0.72%, and 0.47% of total archaea, respectively.

scholarly journals Reducing enteric methane production from buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) by garlic oil supplementation in in vitro rumen fermentation system

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Avijit Dey ◽  
Shyam Sundar Paul ◽  
Puran Chand Lailer ◽  
Satbir Singh Dahiya
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Pollution ◽  
Methane Production ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Bubalus Bubalis ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Acetyl Esterase ◽  
Garlic Oil ◽  
Enteric Methane ◽  
In Vitro Rumen Fermentation

AbstractEnteric methane production contributes significantly to the greenhouse gas emission globally. Although, buffaloes are integral part of livestock production in Asian countries, contributing milk, meat and draft power, the contribution of enteric methane to environmental pollution attracts attention. The present study investigated the efficacy of garlic (Allium sativum) oil in reducing enteric methane production from buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) by in vitro rumen fermentation. Garlic oil (GOL) was tested at four concentrations [0 (Control), 33.33 µl (GOL-1), 83.33 µl (GOL-2) and 166.66 µl (GOL-3) per litre of buffered rumen fluid] in 100-ml graduated glass syringes and incubated at 39℃ for 24 h for in vitro rumen fermentation study. Supplementation of GOL-1 increased (p < 0.05) total gas production in comparison with GOL-3; however, it remained comparable (p > 0.05) with control and GOL-2. Graded doses of garlic oil inclusions reduced (p < 0.001) methane concentration (%) in total gas and total methane production (ml/g DM), irrespective of concentrations. The feed degradability, volatile fatty acids and microbial biomass production (MBP) were not affected (p > 0.05) by GOL-1, but these tended to decrease in GOL-2 with marked reduction (p < 0.01) in GOL-3. The decrease (p < 0.01) in NH3–N concentration in fermentation fluid in the presence of garlic oil, irrespective of concentration, suggests reduced deamination by inhibiting rumen proteolytic bacterial population. The activities of ruminal fibrolytic enzymes (CMCase, xylanase, β-glucosidase, acetyl esterase) were not affected by lower dose (GOL-1) of garlic oil; however, reduction (p < 0.05) of these enzymes activity in rumen liquor was evident at higher doses (GOL-2 and GOL-3) of supplementation. This study shows positive impact of garlic oil supplementation at low dose (33.33 µl/l of rumen fluid) in reducing enteric methane production, thereby, abatement of environmental pollution without affecting feed digestibility.

Study on molecular genetic diversity of native duck breeds in China

2006 ◽  
Vol 62 (04) ◽  
pp. 603-611
Author(s):  
H. LI ◽  
N. YANG ◽  
K. CHEN ◽  
G. CHEN ◽  
Q. TANG ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Molecular Genetic Diversity

scholarly journals Diversity of methanogens in ruminants in Queensland

2008 ◽  
Vol 48 (7) ◽  
pp. 722 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Ouwerkerk ◽  
A. F. Turner ◽  
A. V. Klieve
Keyword(s):  
Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Bos Indicus ◽  
Methane Emissions ◽  
Molecular Techniques ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Methanogen Community ◽  
Gradient Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Reduce Emissions ◽  
Cattle And Sheep

Methane emissions from ruminant livestock represent a loss of carbon during feed conversion, which has implications for both animal productivity and the environment because this gas is considered to be one of the more potent forms of greenhouses gases contributing to global warming. Many strategies to reduce emissions are targeting the methanogens that inhabit the rumen, but such an approach can only be successful if it targets all the major groups of ruminant methanogens. Therefore, a thorough knowledge of the diversity of these microbes in different breeds of cattle and sheep, as well as in response to different diets, is required. A study was undertaken using the molecular techniques denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis, DNA cloning and DNA sequence analysis to define the extent of diversity among methanogens in ruminants, particularly Bos indicus cross cattle, on differing forages in Queensland. It was found that the diversity of methanogens in forage-fed cattle in Queensland was greater than in grain-fed cattle but there was little variability in methanogen community composition between cattle fed different forages. The species that dominate the rumen microbial communities of B. indicus cross cattle are from the genus Methanobrevibacter, although rumen-fluid inoculated digestors fed Leucaena leucocephala leaf were populated with Methanosphaera-like strains, with the Methanobrevibacter-like strains displaced. If ruminant methane emissions are to be reduced, then antimethanogen bioactives that target both broad groups of ruminant methanogens are most likely to be needed, and as a part of an integrated suite of approaches that redirect rumen fermentation towards other more useful end products.

Molecular Diversity Analysis of Lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.) through RAPD Markers

2012 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.E. Hoque ◽  
M.M. Hasan
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Distance ◽  
Rapd Markers ◽  
Gene Diversity ◽  
Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Group Method ◽  
Diversity Analysis ◽  
Pair Group ◽  
Molecular Genetic Diversity

Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers were used to study the molecular genetic diversity analysis among six BARI released lentil varieties viz. BARI masur-1, BARI masur-2, BARI masur-3, BARI masur-4, BARI masur-5 and BARI masur-6. PCR amplified products were visualized on 1.0% agarose gel and the band for each primer were scored. Ten RAPD markers were used in this study. Out of them 7 primers showed amplification of 53 DNA fragments with 60.37% of them being polymorphic. The highest number of polymorphic loci was noticed in the variety BARI masur-3. The same variety also showed maximum Nei’s gene diversity value (0.0552). The highest Nei’s genetic distance (0.5002) was observed in BARI masur-1 vs. BARI masur-5 whereas, the lowest genetic distance (0.0692) was found in BARI masur-1 vs. BARI masur-2. The unweighted pair group method of arithmetic mean (UPGMA) dendrogram based on Nei’s genetic distance grouped the six cultivars into two main clusters. BARI masur-1, BARI masur-2 and BARI masur-3 were in cluster I and BARI masur-4, BARI masur-5 and BARI masur-6 were in cluster II. The cultivar BARI masur-4 was closest to the cultivar BARI masur-6 with the lowest genetic distance (0.0972) and the highest genetic distance (0.5002) was found between BARI masur-1 and BARI masur-5. The RAPD markers were found to be useful in molecular characterization of lentil varieties which could be utilized by the breeders for the improvement of lentil cultivars. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ptcb.v22i1.11260 Plant Tissue Cult. & Biotech. 22(1): 51-58, 2012 (June)

scholarly journals Effect of Supplementing TMR Diets with Artificial Saliva and Acid Buf on Optimizing Ruminal pH and Fermentation Activity in Cows

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 585-593 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krzysztof Bilik ◽  
Juliusz Strzetelski ◽  
Iwona Furgał-Dierżuk ◽  
Bogdan Śliwiński
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Artificial Saliva ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Chemical Compounds ◽  
Barley Straw ◽  
Experimental Diet ◽  
N Content ◽  
Total Mixed Ration ◽  
Concentrate Mixture

AbstractThe objective of the study was to determine the effect of adding buffering agents to a total mixed ration (TMR) on the pH and on the VFA, lactic acid and NH3-N content of rumen fluid. The experiment was carried out with three nonproductive cows fitted with permanent rumen fistulas in a 3×3 Latin square design with two stages differing in the amount of added buffer (50 g/day in stage I or 100 g/day in stage II). The control diet (C) contained no buffering agent. The AB experimental diet was supplemented with Acid Buf (Noack Polen Ltd.) containing calcium carbonate, major and trace elements, and the AS experimental diet was supplemented with our own produced artificial saliva powder containing a mixture of chemical compounds (NaHCO3, KCl, CaCl2, Na2HO4·12H2O, NaCl, MgSO4·7H2O) in the appropriate proportions (McDougall, 1948), combined with wheat bran at a 1:1 ratio. The preparations were added to the concentrate mixture in TMR which contained (% DM): maize silage, 29.9; wilted grass silage, 17.4; ensiled brewers’ grains, 2.4; barley straw, 10.3; and concentrate mixture, 40.0. Samples of rumen fluid collected before feeding (0 h) and after feeding (2, 4, 6 and 8 h) were analysed for pH, and the samples collected 4 h postprandial were analysed for VFA, lactic acid and NH3-N. The artificial saliva added at 100 g/day to the mixture of chemical compounds (without a carrier) contributed to a significant (P≤0.01) increase in rumen fluid pH at 4 h compared to cows receiving diets C and AB. In both stages of the experiment, cows receiving the buffering agents tended to achieve higher pH values in the other hours of the test compared to group C. In the collected samples of rumen fluid, no significant (P>0.05) differences were observed among the cows in VFA and total VFA, in C2/C3 and C3/C4 acid ratios, and in NH3-N content. Neither did the type and amount of buffers had a significant effect on the percentage ratios of selected fatty acids (acetic, propionic and butyric) in total VFA. No presence of lactic acid was detected in the analysed samples of rumen fluid. It can be stated that when the total mixed ration is properly balanced, the type and amount of buffers have no significant effect on changes in the rumen fermentation activity of cows.

Histomorphological Study on Retina of the Adult Surti Buffalo (Bubalus bubalis)

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 218
Author(s):  
Malsawm Kima ◽  
Rakesh Barhaiya ◽  
Yogesh Vyas ◽  
Dinesh Bhayani
Keyword(s):  
Bubalus Bubalis ◽  
Surti Buffalo
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