scholarly journals Biochar Alteration of the Sorption of Substrates and Products in Soil Enzyme Assays

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Swaine ◽  
Rachel Obrike ◽  
Joanna M. Clark ◽  
Liz J. Shaw
Keyword(s):  
Solid Phase ◽  
Soil Enzyme ◽  
Barley Straw ◽  
Enzyme Assays ◽  
Silt Loam ◽  
Chemical Soil ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Substrate Concentrations ◽  
Barley Straw Biochar ◽  
Assay Conditions

Pine wood and barley straw biochar amendments to Kettering and Cameroon sandy silt loam soils (15, 30, or 150 mg biochar g−1soil) caused significant reductions (up to 80%,P<0.05) in concentrations of substrate and extractable product in soil dehydrogenase and phosphomonoesterase enzyme assays. Likely this was caused by increased solid-phase sorption of the chemicals in the presence of the biochars under assay conditions. The relationship between assay chemical sorption and biochar concentration depended on the chemical, soil type, biochar type, and their interactions; hence, no uniform correction factor could be derived. This biochar impact on assay constituents will limit the identification of genuine biochar effects on soil enzymes. It is recommended that the assumption of saturating substrate concentrations be checked and that product standards be matrix-matched when conducting enzyme assays with biochar-amended soil.

Modern determinants of endometrium hyperplastic processes pathogenesis

2016 ◽  
pp. 137-142
Author(s):  
V.O. Benyuk ◽  
◽  
V.M. Goncharenko ◽  
T.R. Nykoniuk ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Conservative Therapy ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Research Direction ◽  
Immunohistochemical Method ◽  
Results Of Treatment ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
Receptor Phenotype ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Endometrial Proliferation

The objective: to еxplore the relationship between the activity of endometrial proliferation and the state of the local immune response in the uterus in the conditions berprestasi process. Patients and methods. Examined 228 women of reproductive and perimenopausal age with endometrial pathology using ultrasound and then performing hysteroresectoscopy. Determination of the concentrations of the cytokines IL-1, IL-2, IL-6 and TNF was performed by solid phase ELISA. Results. Found a trend that confirms the loss of sensitivity to hormones at the stage of malignancy of the endometrium and can be used as diagnostic determinants in determining the nature of intrauterine pathology and criterion of the effectiveness of conservative therapy. Conclusion. Improving etiopatogenetice approach to the therapy of hyperplastic proce.sses of endometrium with determination of receptor phenotype of the endometrium is a research direction in modern gynecology, which will help to improve the results of treatment and prevention of intrauterine pathology. Key words: endometrial hyperplasia,the receptors for progesterone and estrogen, immunohistochemical method.

Change Analysis of Enzyme Activity under Different Conditions of Film Remnant in Soil

2012 ◽  
Vol 518-523 ◽  
pp. 39-43
Author(s):  
Xiao Guang Zhao ◽  
Yuan Yuan Guan ◽  
Wen Yu Huang
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Scientific Basis ◽  
Soil Enzyme ◽  
Soil Microorganism ◽  
Soil Enzyme Activities ◽  
Change Analysis ◽  
Soil Material ◽  
The Relationship

In this paper, simulated experiments were performed in pots by using soil materials in different conditions of film remnant. Based on the research on soil microorganism quantity trends of soil enzyme activities were analyzed systematically: soil without film remnant, soil with film remnant for 5, 10, 15 and 20 years. By analyzing crop progress, the relationship with soil material was studied, in order to provide scientific basis for the variation laws between different conditions of film remnant and the activity of soil enzyme.

Acidity

1997 ◽  
Author(s):  
X. L. Kong ◽  
X. N. Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Surface Charge ◽  
Soil Acidity ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Hydrogen Ions ◽  
Variable Charge ◽  
Aluminum Ions ◽  
Acid Reaction ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Constant Charge ◽  
Variable Charge Soils

For variable charge soils, acidity is a property that is of equal importance as the surface charge. These two properties may affect each other, with the effect of the former on the latter more remarkable than the reverse. In the previous chapters it was shown that pH affects many other properties of the soil by affecting the surface charge. Therefore, soil acidity is more significant than surface charge in some aspects. Owing to a similar reason, the importance of acidity for variable charge soils may exceed that for constant charge soils. Soil acidity generally manifests itself in the form of hydrogen ions. Actually, these hydrogen ions are chiefly the product of the hydrolysis of aluminum ions. Therefore, when examining soil acidity it is necessary to examine the properties of aluminum ions. In the previous chapter the transformation of hydrogen ions into aluminum ions has already been mentioned. In this chapter the relationship between aluminum ions and hydrogen ions will be discussed in greater detail. Another difference between variable charge soils and constant charge soils with respect to acidity is that, not only hydrogen ions, but also hydroxyl ions can participate in chemical reactions between the solid phase and the liquid phase. In constant charge soils the quantity of hydroxyl ions is an induced variable and is determined by the quantity of hydrogen ions in the solution and the ionic product of water. In variable charge soils, on the other hand, the quantity is also determined by the chemical equilibrium of that ion species itself at the solid-solution interface. Thus, hydroxyl ions can, in turn, affect the quantity of hydrogen ions in solution. In this chapter the nature of acidity of variable charge soils will be discussed mainly from these characteristics. In the field of soil chemistry, there has been an interesting history with regard to the nature of soil acidity. Soon after the recognition of the relationship between acid reaction and hydrogen ions in chemistry, this concept of the nature of acidity was introduced into soil science, and the significance of hydrogen ions was invariably associated with it whenever soil acidity was considered.

Serum Glutamic—Oxaloacetic Transaminase: Evaluation of a Coupled-Reaction Enzyme Assay by Means of Kinetic Theory

1971 ◽  
Vol 17 (11) ◽  
pp. 1114-1122 ◽  
Author(s):  
C D Russell ◽  
E Cotlove
Keyword(s):  
Kinetic Theory ◽  
Enzyme Assay ◽  
Rate Equations ◽  
Enzyme Assays ◽  
Glutamic Oxaloacetic Transaminase ◽  
Malic Dehydrogenase ◽  
Serum Glutamic Oxaloacetic Transaminase ◽  
Coupled Reaction ◽  
Analytical Errors ◽  
Substrate Concentrations

Abstract Rate equations and rate parameters are determined for the coupled-reaction assay for serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase in which malic dehydrogenase is used. These are used to interpret observed curves of absorbance vs. time, to select optimum substrate concentrations, and to estimate nonrandom analytical errors. A simple, systematic, general approach is presented, which can readily be applied to other enzyme assays in which two or more reactions are coupled. It depends for its simplicity on access to an adequate computing facility.

Noncompetitive enzyme-linked immunoassay for apolipoprotein B in serum.

1984 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 98-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
C Fievet ◽  
M Koffigan ◽  
D Ouvry ◽  
S Marcovina ◽  
Y Moschetto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Monoclonal Antibodies ◽  
Human Plasma ◽  
Apolipoprotein B ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Minimum Detectable Concentration ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Apo B ◽  
Detectable Concentration ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity ◽  
Assay Conditions

Abstract We used a noncompetitive enzyme-linked immunoassay to measure apolipoprotein B (apo-B) concentration in human plasma. Goat anti-lipoprotein B immunoglobulins were adsorbed to the surface of polystyrene balls. After washing, this solid-phase antibody was incubated with antigen (plasma from normal or hyperlipoproteinemic fasting subjects), washed, and then incubated with peroxidase-labeled goat anti-lipoprotein B IgG. After a last washing, we measured the bound label, which provided a direct measurement of the antigen. Under optimized assay conditions, the minimum detectable concentration was 50 ng per assay. The assay may be used to measure apo-B in different lipoprotein fractions (low- or very-low-density) and yields values that compared favorably with those obtained by electroimmunoassay (r = 0.86). The assay offers several advantages over existing techniques: sensitivity, specificity, simplicity, avoidance of radioisotopes, and potential for use with monoclonal antibodies.

scholarly journals Adopting a Practical Statistical Approach for Evaluating Assay Agreement in Drug Discovery

2005 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 508-516 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dongyu Sun ◽  
Adrian Whitty ◽  
James Papadatos ◽  
Miki Newman ◽  
Jason Donnelly ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Discovery ◽  
High Throughput Screening ◽  
Statistical Approach ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Detection Technology ◽  
Quantitative Changes ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Data Equivalence ◽  
Assay Conditions

The authors assess the equivalence of 2 assays and put forward a general approach for assay agreement analysis that can be applied during drug discovery. Data sets generated by different assays are routinely compared to each other during the process of drug discovery. For a given target, the assays used for high-throughput screening and structure-activity relationship studies willmost likely differ in their assay reagents, assay conditions, and/or detection technology, whichmakes the interpretation of data between assays difficult, particularly as most assays are used to measure quantitative changes in compound potency against the target. To better quantify the relationship of data sets from different assays for the same target, the authors evaluated the agreement between results generated by 2 different assays that measure the activity of compounds against the same protein, ALK5. The authors showthat the agreement between data sets can be quantified using correlation and Bland-Altman plots, and the precision of the assays can be used to define the expectations of agreement between 2 assays. They propose a scheme for addressing issues of assay data equivalence, which can be applied to address questions of how data sets compare during the lead identification and lead optimization processes in which assays are frequently added and changed.

Estimating permeability of carbonate rocks from porosity and vp ∕ vs

Geophysics ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 72 (5) ◽  
pp. E185-E191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ida L. Fabricius ◽  
Gregor Baechle ◽  
Gregor P. Eberli ◽  
Ralf Weger
Keyword(s):  
Specific Surface ◽  
Carbonate Rocks ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Empirical Relationship ◽  
Inherent Limitation ◽  
Indirect Measure ◽  
Depositional Settings ◽  
Porosity Effect ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Interconnected Pores

We present a method for predicting permeability from sonic and density data. The method removes the porosity effect on the ratio [Formula: see text] of dry rock, and it addresses the specific surface as an indirect measure of permeability. We look at ultrasonic data, porosity, and the permeability of 114 carbonate core plugs. In doing so, we establish an empirical relationship between the specific surface of the solid phase (as calculated by Kozeny’s equation) and [Formula: see text] (linearly transformed to remove the porosity effect). One must view the specific surface derived by using Kozeny’s equation as an effective specific surface because Kozeny’s equation only holds for homogeneous rock with interconnected pores. The ratio [Formula: see text] of dry rocks, on the other hand, seems to be controlled by the true specific surface, pointing to an inherent limitation in the method. The 114 carbonate plugs originate in three geological settings and comprise 83 calcitic and 31 dolomitic samples. Their depositional texture varies from mud-dominated to grain-dominated and recrystallized types. Our research applies the relationship to 137 carbonate samples from two different depositional settings. We find a reasonable match between predicted and measured permeability. The match is better for samples with carbonate mud-filled depositional textures than for carbonate mud-poor depositional textures. Diagenetic factors such as vuggy porosity decrease the predictability of permeability.

Headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometric (GC-MS) analysis of volatile profiles during the stir-frying process of malt

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 1699-1704 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yao Xu ◽  
Xia Zhou ◽  
Dayong Zhang ◽  
Zelun Lan ◽  
Yun Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Solid Phase Microextraction ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Mass Spectrometric ◽  
Volatile Profile ◽  
Headspace Solid Phase Microextraction ◽  
Frying Process ◽  
Ms Analysis ◽  
Volatile Profiles ◽  
The Relationship

The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship between volatile profile variations of malt and its stir-fried forms, so as to sum up odor changes in the stir-frying process.

Preparation of PNN-PZT Ceramics and Piezoelectric Characteristics

2014 ◽  
Vol 700 ◽  
pp. 132-135
Author(s):  
Hong Wu ◽  
De Yi Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Solid Phase Synthesis ◽  
Sintering Temperature ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Phase Synthesis ◽  
Impedance Analyzer ◽  
Comprehensive Properties ◽  
Ceramic Samples ◽  
Xrd Patterns ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Piezoelectric Characteristics

The experimental basis formula selected in this experiment is 0.1Pb (Ni1/3Nb2/3)O3-0.9Pb (Zr0.42Ti0.58)O3(PNN-PZT). The traditional solid phase synthesis are applied piezoelectric ceramic samples. The relationship between the microstructure and electrical properties of the ceramic samples are analyzed by means of XRD, SEM, impedance analyzer etc. The XRD patterns show that all the ceramics exhibited a tetragonal perovskite structure. Through the analysis of the ceramic samples of piezoelectric and dielectric properties, PNN-PZT piezoelectric ceramics will possess best comprehensive properties when sintering temperature at 1190°C.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document