scholarly journals Effects of Enoant and Ischemia and Reperfusion on Lens Metabolites of Rats

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Hülya Güngel ◽  
Asiye Nurten ◽  
İhsan Kara ◽  
Serife Evrim Kepekci Tekkeli ◽  
Elif Özkök ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wistar Rats ◽  
The Other ◽  
Ischemia And Reperfusion ◽  
Polyphenol Content ◽  
Membrane Stabilization ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Ischemia Group ◽  
Dry Diet

The effects of the ischemia and reperfusion on the lens metabolites and the effect of a phytotherapeutic commercial product called “Enoant” (mixed polyphenol content) on the selected lens metabolites were investigated. For this aim, 30 Wistar rats were divided into three groups according to their diet and being subjected to ischemia. 10 of the rats as Group I were fed on dry diet; the other 10 (Group II) were fed on dry diet and drinking water with Enoant. At the end of 15 days period, both groups of rats were subjected to ischemia for 2 hours and reperfused. After another 15 days with their same diet, the rats were decapitated. The remaining 10 rats, which were not subjected to ischemia (Group III), were fed on dry diet only. 1HNMR spectroscopy was used for the determination of lens metabolites of each group of rats. The results obtained from the three groups have been compared statistically. The differences of metabolites were significant except pyruvate and succinate. Oral administration of Enoant revealed effects on increasing membrane stabilization, the antioxidant capacity, osmotic regulator molecule capacity, and sorbitol content of lens disturbed by ischemia. Enoant can be used where oxidative or osmotic stress is formed.

scholarly journals Influence of Aflatoxin B1 on Oxidoreductive Balance in Renal Tissue of Rats

2013 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Wójtowicz-Chomicz ◽  
Adam Stadnik ◽  
Elżbieta Huk-Wieliczuk ◽  
Anna Czeczuk ◽  
Andrzej Borzęcki
Keyword(s):  
Renal Function ◽  
Free Radicals ◽  
Toxic Effect ◽  
Aflatoxin B1 ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Renal Tissue ◽  
The Other ◽  
Renal Cells ◽  
Group I

Abstract The toxic effect of various doses of aflatoxin B1 on renal function was studied. Experiments were conducted on randomly chosen Wistar rats. The animals were divided into four groups. Group I received 8% alcohol intragastrically. The other groups received aflatoxin B1 in various doses. The effect of the aflatoxin on renal cells was analysed by means of determination of oxidoreductive balance and development of free radicals. The activity of antioxidative enzymes in renal tissue has decreased with an increase in the dose of aflatoxin B1. Disturbance of oxidation balance in the kidneys confirm a toxic effect of aflatoxin B1 on these organs

scholarly journals Role of the vitamin C in diethylnitrosamine-induced esophageal cancer in Wistar rats

2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 183-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Almino Cardoso Ramos ◽  
Marina Rachel Araujo ◽  
Luiz Roberto Lopes ◽  
Nelson Adami Andreollo
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin C ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
The Other ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Group Vi ◽  
Group V ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Esophageal Carcinogenesis

PURPOSE: To evaluate the inhibitory effect of vitamin C on the experimental esophageal carcinogenesis induced by diethylnitrosamine (NDEA). METHODS: Sixty Wistar male rats aged three months, with mean weight of 210 g were employed in the study and were divided into four different groups according to the drinking drugs: group I - controls: only water, seven days a week; group II - only vitamin C, seven days a week; group III - NDEA, three days a week and water during the other four days; group IV - NDEA, three days a week and vitamin C during the other four days; group V - NDEA together with vitamin C three days a week, and only water during the other four days and group VI - NDEA together with vitamin C three days a week and vitamin C during the other four days. The dosages of NDEA were: - 10 mg. / Kg / day and vitamin C - 200 mg / animal / day, dissolved in drinking water. The animals were observed during 180 days and after that each one was sacrificed and its esophagus and the stomach were removed together and macro and microscopically analyzed to identify any tumors. RESULTS: The largest number of tumors was observed in the group III: 48 macroscopic lesions (4.8 lesions per animal) and 23 microscopic lesions (2.3 lesions per animal). The groups that received vitamin C (groups IV, V and VI) showed smaller number of tumors: group V - 0.5 macroscopic lesions and 0.3 microscopic lesions per animal and group VI - 0.1 macroscopic lesions and 0.1 microscopic lesions per animal. The incidence of tumors in the groups V and VI showed statistical significance (p<0.05), when compared to the other groups. CONCLUSION: The vitamin C administered together with diethylnitrosamine showed an inhibitory effect on the experimental esophageal carcinogenesis in Wistar rats.

Seasonal variations in wool growth and heat tolerance of sheep. I. Wool growth

1960 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 75 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Wodzicka
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Day Treatment ◽  
The Other ◽  
Seasonal Rhythm ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Wool Growth ◽  
Group I ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
The Difference

The monthly wool growth of three groups of rams was studied at Beltsville, Maryland. Group I received natural daylight (at 38° 53' N.) and was shorn monthly. Group II had a 7:17 hours of daylight to hours of darkness rhythm and was shorn every 6 months, once in winter and once in summer. Group III received natural daylight and was likewise shorn every 6 months. The rams of all groups produced more wool in summer than in winter. This difference was significant (P<0.001). The mean body weight and food intake were both greater in the winter months, which indicated that the seasonal rhythm of wool growth was not a consequence of poorer feeding in winter. The rams which were shorn monthly (group I) grew considerably more wool than the other two groups, but the difference was not statistically significant. The short-day treatment of group II did not increase the annual wool production nor decrease the seasonal rhythm of wool growth. The balance of evidence from this and other experiments indicates that temperature rather than light controls the seasonal rhythm of wool growth.

Rapid correction of severe hyponatremia in the rat: histopathological changes in the brain

1985 ◽  
Vol 248 (5) ◽  
pp. F711-F719 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. Ayus ◽  
R. K. Krothapalli ◽  
D. L. Armstrong
Keyword(s):  
Serum Sodium ◽  
Brain Lesions ◽  
The Other ◽  
Histopathological Changes ◽  
Water Restriction ◽  
Severe Hyponatremia ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Rapid Correction

The purpose of the present studies was to examine the effects of rapid correction of severe hyponatremia (serum sodium less than 120 meq/liter) either to mildly hyponatremic levels (serum sodium = 130 meq/liter) or to normonatremic levels (serum sodium = 150 meq/liter) on the brain histology of rats. In group I, 13% of the rats revealed brain lesions following correction to mildly hyponatremic levels by the administration of 855 mM NaCl. All the rats (100%) in group II had brain lesions following correction to normonatremic levels by 24 h of water restriction. Similarly, all the rats in group III showed brain lesions following correction to normonatremic levels by the administration of 855 mM NaCl. Severe hyponatremia by itself did not cause any brain lesions in another group. We conclude that rapid correction of severe hyponatremia to mildly hyponatremic levels by the administration of 855 mM NaCl does not cause significant brain lesions. On the other hand, rapid correction to normonatremic levels either by water restriction or by the administration of 855 mM NaCl results in significant brain lesions.

scholarly journals Sędziowski wymiar kary za przestępstwa zagrożone identycznymi sankcjami w świetle danych statystycznych

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 101
Author(s):  
Aneta Michalska-Warias
Keyword(s):  
Detailed Analysis ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
Criminal Code ◽  
The Other ◽  
Sexual Freedom ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Initial Hypothesis ◽  
Group Ii

<p>The article is devoted to the analysis of court punishment practice in the case of offences which have the same statutory punishment. Three groups of such offences are selected: offences punished with imprisonment from 2 to 12 years (group I), offences punished with imprisonment from 3 months to 5 years (group II) and offences punished with imprisonment from 1 month to 3 years (group III). Most of the analysed offences belonged to the group of offences against freedom (including sexual freedom) and the other chosen offences were against other socially cherished values were those quite popular in practice (therefore, the statistical data in their cases are quite representative). The analysed year was 2016. The starting hypothesis was that offences which have identical punishments in the Criminal Code (which means that the lawmaker perceives them as socially harmful in a similar way) will not be treated in such a similar way in practice and in all groups there would be offences which would be punished with visibly more severe and lighter punishments. Detailed analysis of statistical data referring to punishments imposed for the discussed offences confirmed the initial hypothesis, showing also the already known fact that courts tend to impose punishments which are closer to the minimum than to the maximum provided by the lawmaker.</p>

scholarly journals GAMBARAN MIKROSKOPIK GINJAL TIKUS WISTAR (RATTUS NORVEGICUS) SETELAH DIINDUKSI DENGAN GENTAMISIN

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Poppy M Lintong ◽  
Carla F Kairupan ◽  
Priska L N Sondakh
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Basal Membrane ◽  
Tubular Epithelial Cells ◽  
Periodic Acid Schiff ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Group Ii

Abstract: Gentamycin, a frequently used aminoglycoside antibiotics, has a nephrotoxic effect to human beings and animals. The purpose of this research was to find out the microscopic changes of wistar rat kidneys after gentamycin induction. This was an experimental study, using five adult wistar rats, divided into three groups. Group I was the control group; group II consisted of two rats, injected with gentamycin 0,3 ml/day (dose of 60 mg/kg body weight/day) intraperitoneally for seven days; and group III consisted of two rats, injected with gentamycin 0,3 ml/day intraperitoneally for 10 days. Group I and II were terminated at day-8, and group III at day-11. Their kidneys were processed for microscopic slides, stained with hematoxylin eosin and Periodic Acid Schiff. In microscopic evaluation, group II and III showed oedema, necrosis, apoptosis, and basal membrane destruction of tubular epithelial cells. Group III also showed fat vacuoles in these epithelial cells (macrovesicular fatty changes). Conclusion: wistar rats injected with gentamycin 60 mg/kg body weight/day for 7 and 10 days showed oedema, necrosis, apoptosis, and basal membrane destruction of tubular epithelial cells; and macrovesicular fatty changes after 10 days of gentamycin.Key words: gentamycin, necrosis tubular epithelial cells, fatty changesAbstrak: Gentamisin termasuk antibiotik golongan aminoglikosida berspektrum luas yang bersifat nefrotoksik terhadap manusia dan hewan. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk melihat perubahan mikroskopik struktur ginjal tikus Wistar setelah diberikan gentamisin. Metode penelitian eksperimental dengan menggunakan lima ekor tikus Wistar dewasa yang dibagi atas tiga kelompok. Kelompok I tanpa perlakuan; kelompok II terdiri dari dua ekor tikus perlakuan yang diinjeksi dengan gentamisin 0,3 ml/hari (dosis 60 mg/kgBB/hari) secara intraperitonial selama tujuh hari; dan kelompok III terdiri dari dua ekor tikus perlakuan yang diinjeksi dengan gentamisin 0,3 ml/hari secara intraperitonial selama 10 hari. Tikus Wistar kelompok I dan II diteminasi hari ke-8, sedangkan kelompok III diterminasi hari ke-11. Ginjal tikus kelompok I -III kemudian dibuat preparat histopatologik dengan pengecatan rutin hematoksilin eosin dan Periodic Acid Schiff (PAS). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan tikus Wistar perlakuan yang diberikan gentamisin 0,3 ml/hari selama 7 sampai 10 hari secara mikroskopik memperlihatkan pembengkakan, nekrosis, apoptosis, dan destruksi membrana basalis sel epitel tubulus; dan pada hari ke-10 terlihat vakuol-vakuol lemak pada sel epitel sehingga inti terdesak ke tepi (perlemakan makrovesikuler). Simpulan: pemberian gentamisin pada tikus Wistar dengan dosis 60 mg/kg BB/hari selama 7-10 hari menunjukkan pembengkakan, nekrosis, apoptosis sel epitel tubulus, dan membrana basalis tubulus rusak; dan setelah hari ke-10 juga terlihat perlemakan makrovesikuler.Kata kunci: gentamisin, nekrosis sel epitel tubulus, perlemakan makrovesikuler

scholarly journals Genome-wide analysis of CrRLK1L genes and their expression profiling during fiber development in cotton

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dongyun Zuo ◽  
Javaria Ashraf ◽  
Hailiang Cheng ◽  
Shang Liu ◽  
Youping Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stress Responses ◽  
Plant Immunity ◽  
Fiber Development ◽  
The Other ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Specific Expression ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Specific Expression Pattern

Abstract Background: Catharanthus roseus receptor-like kinase 1-like (CrRLK1Ls) proteins play important roles in cell growth, plant morphogenesis, reproduction, hormone signaling, plant immunity and stress responses in Arabidopsis. However, not much information is available about their functions during cotton fiber development.Results: We identified a total of 125, 73 and 71 full-length putative CrRLK1L genes in G. hirsutum, G. arboreum and G. raimondii, which are much greater than that of the other plants. The phylogenetic and gene structure analysis divided the cotton CrRLK1L genes into six major groups, among which only group I and II contained AtCrRLK1Ls of Arabidopsis, suggesting that other groups (group III-VI) were expanded by gene duplication during cotton evolution. Genome collinearity analysis revealed that half of the At02 genes in G. hirsutum derived from A02 of G. arboreum, while the other half (GhCrRLK1L6 and GhCrRLK1L7) originated from Dt03 and Dt02 of G. raimondii, indicating segmental duplication between noncorresponding chromosomes during polyploidization of G. hirsutum. In addition, expression and cis-element analysis revealed that only 22 GhCrRLK1Ls showed specific expression pattern during fiber development which are mainly due to the presence of binding sites for NAC, MYB and WRKY transcription factors.Conclusions: This study provides a strong foundation to further explore the molecular mechanism of CrRLK1L genes during fiber development in upland cotton.

scholarly journals Concentration of hepatic vitamins A and E in rats exposed to chlorpyrifos and/or enrofloxacin

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 371-378 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Spodniewska ◽  
D. Barski
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Free Radicals ◽  
Gastric Tube ◽  
Initial Period ◽  
Hplc Method ◽  
Antioxidant Vitamin ◽  
Exposure Group ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I

Abstract The aim of the study was to determine the level of antioxidant vitamins A and E in the liver of rats exposed to chlorpyrifos and/or enrofloxacin. Chlorpyrifos (Group I) was administered at a dose of 0.04 LD50 (6 mg/kg b.w.) for 28 days, and enrofloxacin (Group II) at a dose of 5 mg/kg b.w. for 5 consecutive days. The animals of group III were given both of the mentioned above compounds at the same manner as groups I and II, but enrofloxacin was applied to rats for the last 5 days of chlorpyrifos exposure (i.e. on day 24, 25, 26, 27 and 28). Chlorpyrifos and enrofloxacin were administered to rats intragastrically via a gastric tube. The quantitative determination of vitamins was made by the HPLC method. The results of this study indicated a reduction in the hepatic concentrations of vitamins A and E, compared to the control, which sustained for the entire period of the experiment. The four-week administration of chlorpyrifos to rats resulted in a significant decrease of vitamins in the initial period of the experiment, i.e. up to 24 hours after exposure. For vitamin A the maximum drop was observed after 24 hours (19.24%) and for vitamin E after 6 hours (23.19%). Enrofloxacin caused a slight (3-9%) reduction in the level of the analysed vitamins. In the chlorpyrifos-enrofloxacin co-exposure group reduced vitamins A and E levels were also noted, but changes in this group were less pronounced in comparison to the animals intoxicated with chlorpyrifos only. The decrease in the antioxidant vitamin levels, particularly noticeable in the chlorpyrifos- and the chlorpyrifos combined with enrofloxacin-treated groups, may result not only from the increase in the concentration of free radicals, but also from the intensification of the secondary stages of lipid peroxidation.

scholarly journals Assessment of the Effects of Graded Doses of Polyphenolic-Rich Fraction of Garcinia kola Seeds on Pituitary–Testicular Axis of Male Wistar Rats

Dose-Response ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 155932581772926 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mosunmola Busayo Omotola ◽  
Isaac O. Adeosun ◽  
Efere M. Obuotor ◽  
Rufus O. Akomolafe ◽  
Olugbenga A. Ayannuga
Keyword(s):  
Pituitary Gland ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Seminiferous Tubules ◽  
Sodium Arsenate ◽  
Group V ◽  
Garcinia Kola ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Cervical Dislocation

This study evaluated the ameliorative and prophylactic effects of 2 different doses of polyphenolic-rich fraction of Garcinia kola (PPRF Gk) seeds on the histology and hormones of pituitary–testicular axis of male Wistar rats. Thirty-five male Wistar rats (150-200 g) were divided into 7 groups of 5 rats each. Groups I and II were given distilled water (0.5 mL/day) for 8 days followed by propylene glycol (0.2 mL/d) and 600 mg/kg of PPRF Gk, respectively, for 21 days. Group III received sodium arsenate (8 days), left untreated for 21 days. Groups IV and V received sodium arsenate (20 mg/kg) for 8 days followed by PPRF Gk (300 and 600 mg/kg, respectively) for 21 days. Groups VI and VII received PPRF Gk (300 and 600 mg/kg, respectively) for 21 days followed by sodium arsenate (20 mg/kg) for 8 days. Rats were killed by cervical dislocation 24 hours after the last dose and their blood collected through cardiac puncture. Blood sera were assayed for the levels of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), and testosterone using immunoassay techniques. Histology of the pituitary gland and testes was carried out. A significant reduction was observed in the concentration of FSH in groups IV, V, VI, and VII in comparison with groups I and II. The concentrations of both LH and testosterone showed significant decreases in groups IV, V, VI, and VII in comparison with group I. Group III presented with the lowest serum hormonal concentrations. Photomicrographs of the pituitary gland revealed greatly reduced basophils in group III and mildly reduced basophils in groups IV, VI, and VII in comparison with groups I and II. Group V revealed hypercellularized and distorted basophils. Photomicrographs of the testes showed detachment of the seminiferous tubules from the basement membrane and disruption of the interstitial space which was worse in group III, moderate in groups V and VI, and mild in group VII. In conclusion, PPRF Gk effected a dose-dependent reversal and prevention of the perturbations caused by arsenate in rats.

Role Of The Fibrinolytic System In Renal Transplantation

1981 ◽  
Author(s):  
P Glas-Greenwalt ◽  
M H Goldman
Keyword(s):  
Renal Transplantation ◽  
Endothelial Damage ◽  
Fibrinolytic System ◽  
The Other ◽  
Group Vi ◽  
Significant Drop ◽  
Group V ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Before And After

To determine the importance of the fibrinolytic system in renal transplantation on the one hand, and to establish a correlation between possible endothelial damage due to treatment of the renal graft and fibrinolytic parameters on the other, dogs were divided in six groups. Group I dogs were subjected to anesthesia only. Group II was sham operated. In group III, kidneys were perfused with the supernatant of either autologous or homologous cryo-precipitated plasma, and in group IV with albumin. In group V kidneys were cold stored. This was followed by autotransplantation. In group VI kidneys were perfused with albumin and allografted. Before and after transplantation, total plasma plasminogen (pro) activator activities in systemic and renal circulations were measured on fibrin plates after the addition of dextran sulfate and flufenamate to euglobulin fractions. Vascular activator (VA) was measured by adding Cl-inactivator. There was no marked difference between groups III, IV and VI. In comparing, however, group V with any of the perfused groups, an overall higher fibrinolytic activity was recorded both for intrinsic activators (p<.001) and VA (p<.001). in group I a significant drop in both activities (p<.01 -<.02) could be directly related to the duration of anesthesia with recovery within 24 hours. This pattern, though highly accentuated, revealed itself in all the other groups studied, with VA temporarily reaching zero-levels in the renal circulation in group VI. This data indicates the participation of the fibrinolytic system, in particular of the VA, in determining the fate of renal grafts.

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