scholarly journals Synthesis of CZTS in Aqueous Media Using Microwave Irradiation

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
Alekhya Venkata Madiraju ◽  
Kshitij Taneja ◽  
Manoj Kumar ◽  
Anup Kumar Keshri ◽  
Sarang Balkrushna Mahajan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microwave Irradiation ◽  
Aqueous Media ◽  
Nir Spectroscopy ◽  
Synthesis Methods ◽  
Tin Sulfide ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Copper Zinc Tin Sulfide ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Atmospheric Processing ◽  
Copper Zinc

Copper-Zinc-Tin-Sulfide (CZTS), a promising material for absorber layer application in thin film solar cells, has been synthesized in aqueous media by microwave irradiation technique. Compared to conventional synthesis methods, microwave irradiation is highly efficient, reliable, and less time consuming. The synthesized nanopowders were characterized for particle size by dynamic light scattering (DLS), phase by X-ray diffraction (XRD), and band-gap by UV-Vis-NIR spectroscopy. Various atmospheric processing methods are being evaluated for the deposition of absorber layers from CZTS nanopowder based ink.

Thermal treatments and characterization of CZTS thin films deposited using nanoparticle ink

2014 ◽  
Vol 92 (7/8) ◽  
pp. 875-878 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Martinez-Ayala ◽  
Mou Pal ◽  
N.R. Mathews ◽  
X. Mathew
Keyword(s):  
Tin Sulfide ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Copper Zinc Tin Sulfide ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Copper Zinc ◽  
Czts Thin Films ◽  
Nanoparticle Ink

The structural, optical, and optoelectronic properties of copper zinc tin sulfide (CZTS) films, deposited by a nonvacuum nanoparticle based approach were studied as a function of different annealing temperatures. The CZTS films for photovoltaic applications were deposited using the doctor blading method using an ink prepared with nanoparticles synthesized using the solvothermal method. Deposited films were annealed at different temperatures in N2–S atmosphere. The films were characterized using different tools such as X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDXS), ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and photoconductivity. The results showed that the kesterite phase was formed in the temperature range between 400 and 550 °C. At temperatures beyond 500 °C, many peaks of binary and ternary phases were detected, probably because of the decomposition of the kesterite layer. The cross section SEM images showed that the film is compact; however, there are isolated voids. The EDXS estimated chemical composition was found to vary with annealing temperature; the nearly stoichiometric film was obtained when annealed at 450 °C. The optical band gap of the stoichiometric film was 1.6 eV, and it showed photoconductivity.

Observation of Cu2ZnSnS4 thin film prepared by RF magnetron sputtering for heterojunction applications

2014 ◽  
Vol 28 (16) ◽  
pp. 1450134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bo He ◽  
Jing Xu ◽  
Hong Zhi Wang ◽  
Yao Gang Li ◽  
Huai Zhong Xing ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
Magnetron Sputtering ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Hall Effect Measurement ◽  
Rf Magnetron Sputtering ◽  
Tin Sulfide ◽  
Copper Zinc Tin Sulfide ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Copper Zinc ◽  
Cu2znsns4 Thin Film

In this paper, copper-zinc-tin-sulfide ( Cu 2 ZnSnS 4) thin film was successfully fabricated by radio-frequency (RF) magnetron sputtering on glass substrate. The structural, optical and electrical properties of the film were studied by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), laser micro-Raman spectrometer, field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM), UV-VIS spectrophotometer and Hall effect measurement, respectively. The results show that Cu 2 ZnSnS 4 film is of good quality. A good nonlinear rectifying behavior is obtained for the GZO / Cu 2 ZnSnS 4 heterojunction. Under reverse bias, high photocurrent is obtained.

Effect of Synthesis Method on the Nanostructures of Magnesium Oxide (MgO) and their Band Gap Energies

2012 ◽  
Vol 545 ◽  
pp. 153-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nor Fadilah Chayed ◽  
Nurhanna Badar ◽  
Rusdi Roshidah ◽  
Norashikin Kamarudin ◽  
Norlida Kamarulzaman
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Band Gap ◽  
Magnesium Oxide ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Synthesis Method ◽  
Nir Spectroscopy ◽  
Synthesis Methods ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Scanning Electron

Magnesium oxide (MgO) is a metal oxide which has many applications in industry and can be synthesized by many different synthesis methods. In this study, MgO was synthesized by using two different methods which were sol-gel and solid-state reaction methods. Both samples were annealed at 800 oC for 24 hours and characterized by using X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The band gap energies for both samples were determined by using UV-Vis NIR Spectroscopy. The band gap values of the samples are evaluated from the data. It was found that the band gap energies of the MgO using different synthesis route were not the same.

scholarly journals Electronics of Anion Hot Injection-Synthesized Te-Functionalized Kesterite Nanomaterial

Nanomaterials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 794
Author(s):  
Kelechi C. Nwambaekwe ◽  
Milua Masikini ◽  
Penny Mathumba ◽  
Morongwa E. Ramoroka ◽  
Samantha Duoman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Photovoltaic Cell ◽  
Crystal Defects ◽  
Partial Substitution ◽  
Tin Sulfide ◽  
Transfer Resistance ◽  
Tetragonal Modification ◽  
Copper Zinc Tin Sulfide ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Hot Injection ◽  
Copper Zinc

Metal chalcogenides such as copper zinc tin sulfide (CZTS) have been intensively studied as potential photovoltaic cell materials, but their viability have been marred by crystal defects and low open circuit potential (Voc) deficit, which affected their energy conversion efficiency. Strategies to improve on the properties of this material such as alloying with other elements have been explored and have yielded promising results. Here, we report the synthesis of CZTS and the partial substitution of S with Te via anion hot injection synthesis method to form a solid solution of a novel kesterite nanomaterial, namely, copper zinc tin sulfide telluride (CZTSTe). Particle-size analyzed via small angle X-ray scattering spectroscopy (SAXS) confirmed that CZTS and CZTSTe materials are nanostructured. Crystal planes values of 112, 200, 220 and 312 corresponding to the kesterite phase with tetragonal modification were revealed by the X-ray diffraction (XRD) spectroscopic analysis of CZTS and CZTSTe. The Raman spectroscopy confirmed the shifts at 281 cm−1 and 347 cm−1 for CZTS, and 124 cm−1, 149 cm−1 and 318 cm−1 for CZTSTe. High degradation rate and the production of hot electrons are very detrimental to the lifespan of photovoltaic cell (PVC) devices, and thus it is important to have PVC absorber layer materials that are thermally stable. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) analysis indicated a 10% improvement in the thermal stability of CZTSTe compared to CZTS at 650 °C. With improved electrical conductivity, low charge transfer resistance (Rct) and absorption in the visible region with a low bandgap energy (Eg) of 1.54 eV, the novel CZTSTe nanomaterials displayed favorable properties for photovoltaics application.

Self-Recognizing π-π Stacking Interactions Designed for the Generation of Ultrastable Mesoporous Hydrogen-Bonded Organic Frameworks

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
KAIKAI MA ◽  
Peng Li ◽  
John Xin ◽  
Yongwei Chen ◽  
Zhijie Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pore Size ◽  
Fiber Composite ◽  
Aqueous Media ◽  
Stacking Interactions ◽  
Mustard Gas ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Expansion Strategy ◽  
Π Stacking ◽  
Hydrogen Bonded

Creating crystalline porous materials with large pores is typically challenging due to undesired interpen-etration, staggered stacking, or weakened framework stability. Here, we report a pore size expansion strategy by self-recognizing π-π stacking interactions in a series of two-dimensional (2D) hydrogen–bonded organic frameworks (HOFs), HOF-10x (x=0,1,2), self-assembled from pyrene-based tectons with systematic elongation of π-conjugated molecular arms. This strategy successfully avoids interpene-tration or staggered stacking and expands the pore size of HOF materials to access mesoporous HOF-102, which features a surface area of ~ 2,500 m2/g and the largest pore volume (1.3 cm3/g) to date among all reported HOFs. More importantly, HOF-102 shows significantly enhanced thermal and chemical stability as evidenced by powder x-ray diffraction and N2 isotherms after treatments in chal-lenging conditions. Such stability enables the adsorption of dyes and cytochrome c from aqueous media by HOF-102 and affords a processible HOF-102/fiber composite for the efficient photochemical detox-ification of a mustard gas simulant.

Optoelectronic properties of solar cell materials based on copper-zinc-tin-sulfide Cu2ZnSn(SxTe1-x)4 alloys for photovoltaic device applications

Solar Energy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 225 ◽  
pp. 851-862
Author(s):  
Z. Hussein ◽  
A. Laref ◽  
H.R. Alqahtani ◽  
Eman.A. Alghamdi ◽  
Mohammed El Amine Monir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cell ◽  
Photovoltaic Device ◽  
Optoelectronic Properties ◽  
Tin Sulfide ◽  
Copper Zinc Tin Sulfide ◽  
Device Applications ◽  
Copper Zinc

Low-cost thermo-chemical process of TiO2 powder purification: Study of iterative gettering effect

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nesrine Jaouabi ◽  
Wala Medfai ◽  
Marouan Khalifa ◽  
Rabia Zaghouani ◽  
Hatem Ezzaouia
Keyword(s):  
Porous Layer ◽  
Sacrificial Layer ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Nir Spectroscopy ◽  
Tio2 Powder ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Density Reduction ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Layer Effect

The titanium dioxide (TiO2) purity is very important for the TiO2-based applications making essential the impurities density reduction. In this study, we propose an efficient purification process of TiO2 powder in order to reduce impurities. The low-cost proposed approach is based on an iterative gettering (IG) process combining three main steps: (1) a porous TiO2 sacrificial layer formation (p-TiO2), (2) a rapid thermal annealing (RTA) of p-TiO2 powder in an infrared oven at 950°C under air permitting the residual impurities diffusion to the porous layer surface and (3) etching in acid solution to remove the porous layer. Effect of the proposed gettering process on purification efficiency was evaluated by different characterization techniques such as the transmission electron microscopy (TEM), the energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDX), the UV–Visible-NIR spectroscopy, the X-ray diffraction (XRD) and atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS). The obtained results showed the efficient removal of metal impurities, such as Cu, Al, P, and Fe confirming the efficiency of the process improving the purity from 89% to 99.96%.

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