scholarly journals Subchronic Oral Bromocriptine Methanesulfonate Enhances Open Field Novelty-Induced Behavior and Spatial Memory in Male Swiss Albino Mice

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Olakunle James Onaolapo ◽  
Adejoke Yetunde Onaolapo
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Memory ◽  
Open Field ◽  
Cumulative Effect ◽  
Male Mice ◽  
Healthy Male ◽  
Swiss Albino Mice ◽  
Y Maze ◽  
Field Assessment ◽  
Albino Mice ◽  
Neurobehavioral Effects

This study set out to assess the neurobehavioral effects of subchronic, oral bromocriptine methanesulfonate using the open field and the Y-maze in healthy male mice. Sixty adult Swiss albino mice were assigned into three groups. Controls received normal saline, while test groups received bromocriptine methanesulfonate at 2.5 and 5 mg/kg/day, respectively, for a period of 21 days. Neurobehavioral tests were carried out on days 1 and 21 after administration. Open field assessment on day 1 after administration revealed significant increase in grooming at 2.5 and 5 mg/kg, while horizontal and vertical locomotion showed no significant changes. Day 1 also showed no significant changes in Y-maze alternation. On day 21, horizontal locomotion, rearing, and grooming were increased significantly at 2.5 and 5 mg/kg doses after administration; also, spatial memory was significantly enhanced at 2.5 mg/kg. In conclusion, the study demonstrates the ability of oral bromocriptine to affect neurobehavior in normal mice. It also suggests that there is a cumulative effect of oral bromocriptine on the behaviors studied with more changes being seen after subchronic administration rather than after a single oral dose.

Garcinia Camobogia Extract Alters Anxiety, Sociability, and Dopamine Turnover in Male Swiss Albino Mice

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael K. Ibrahim ◽  
Marina Aboelsaad ◽  
Fatma Tony ◽  
Moustafa Sayed
Keyword(s):  
Open Field ◽  
Field Test ◽  
Open Field Test ◽  
Modern Medicine ◽  
Receptor Expression ◽  
Dopamine Turnover ◽  
Male Mice ◽  
Garcinia Cambogia ◽  
Swiss Albino Mice ◽  
Albino Mice

Abstract Background: Obesity is a global concern, closely allied with somatic and psychosomatic disorders. Herbal drugs are available in modern medicine to treat obesity. Garcinia camobogia being used by so many people trying to lose weight produces various systemic side effects. The study was conducted to assess its effect on anxiety, sociability, and dopamine turnover in male mice. Methodology: Male Swiss albino mice of either were divided into three groups with seven mice in each group. Different groups were given distilled water (0.5ml p.o.) and Garcinia cambogia extract at two different doses (100mg/kg and 500 mg/kg p.o.). Effect of test drugs on anxiety was evaluated using open field test. Sociability and social novelty were evaluated using three chambers test. Results (mean ± standard deviation) were analyzed using one-way ANOVA test followed by Tukey’s test. Result: Garcinia cambogia extract significantly increased the time spent in the corners in the open field test, significantly reduced sociability and social novelty in the three chamber test, significantly reduced dopamine turnover and increased D2 receptor expression in ventral tegmental area. Conclusion: Garcinia cambogia extract have significant anxiogenic effect along with reduced sociability and social novelty in male mice. Moreover, these effects could be related to the altered dopamine turnover and D2 receptor expression in mice brain.

Experimental ancylostomiasis in Swiss albino mice: adrenal and thyroid histopathology

1981 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 295-305
Author(s):  
Ismail Bhai ◽  
A. K. Pandey
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Adrenal Gland ◽  
Follicular Epithelium ◽  
Male Mice ◽  
Ancylostoma Caninum ◽  
Swiss Albino Mice ◽  
Thyroid Glands ◽  
Albino Mice ◽  
Mass Formation ◽  
Hypertrophic Changes

AbstractRemarkable hypertrophic changes were observed in the adrenal and thyroid glands of male mice after 7 to 16 days of infection with the filariform larvae of Ancylostoma caninum, but not in females. The adrenal gland revealed enormous enlargement of cells in the zonae glomerulosa, fasciculata and medulla, and also the formation of big vacuoles in the glomerular zone, whereas the thyroid gland showed distinctly hypcrtrophicd follicular epithelium with marked acolloidal condition and follicular mass formation. These changes in the cellular diameter were highly significant (P>0·001 to <0·005). The possible reasons for hyperactivity of these glands are discussed.

scholarly journals Effect of tocopheryl acetate in neurobehavioral activity of cigarette of smoke exposed swiss albino mice

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (11) ◽  
pp. 3591
Author(s):  
Supriya K. ◽  
Janardan Chaudhary
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Cortex ◽  
Cigarette Smoke ◽  
Open Field ◽  
Neuronal Damage ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Smoke Exposure ◽  
Tocopheryl Acetate ◽  
Cigarette Smoke Exposure ◽  
Swiss Albino Mice ◽  
Albino Mice

Background: Cigarette smoke exposure is well known abuse which impairs neurobehavioral activity by oxidative damage to sensory and motor areas of cerebral cortex. Aim of the present study is to report the effect of tocopheryl acetate on oral administration in impaired neurobehavioral activity of cigarette smoke exposed Swiss albino miceMethods: Total thirty six adult Swiss albino mice were assigned into six different groups. Group I (n=6, distilled water and standard diet), group II (n=6, tocopheryl acetate induced), group III (n=6, soyabean oil induced as vehicle), group IV (n=6, cigarette smoke exposed), group V (n=6, cigarette smoke expose plus tocopheryl acetate), group VI (n=6, cigarette smoke plus soyabean oil). Frequency of cigarette smoke exposure was 3 times a day for 20 minutes each time and tocopheryl acetate with dose of 200mg/kg/day in 0.3ml of soyabean oil as vehicle orally through oral gavage for 28 days. On 29th day morning, the mice were subjected to perform neurobehavioral test such as open field tests and force swim test. After completion of the test, mice were sacrificed by cervical dislocation and brain was autopsied to estimate malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and reduced glutathione (GSR) for oxidative level and histopathological examination of brain.Results: The treated mice exposed to cigarette smoke showed decreased motor activity in open field test and increased anxiety in force swim tests. On histopathological examination, marked neuronal damage was observed in motor area of cerebral cortex. Oxidative level in neuronal tissue was highly variable by an increased level of MDA (815.2±56.62, p<0.0001) and decreased level of SOD (1.5±0.54, p<0.001) and GSR (0.025±0.007, p<0.001) as compared to control group. Administration of tocopheryl acetate improved the neurobehavioral activity and maintained oxidative level significantly (p <0.0001 in MDA, p <0.001 in SOD and GSR).Conclusions: Tocopheryl acetate can prevent neuronal damage due to cigarette smoke exposure. Thus, it can be used as a protective agent for neurobehavioral impairment, neuronal cell damage and altered oxidative level occurring in cigarette smokers.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF METFORMIN AND SIMVASTATIN IN DIAZEPAM-AND SODIUM NITRITE-INDUCED ANTEROGRADE AMNESIA IN MALE SWISS ALBINO MICE

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 18
Author(s):  
S. S. Torgal ◽  
Sugato C. H.
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Nitrite ◽  
Water Maze ◽  
Escape Latency ◽  
Anterograde Amnesia ◽  
Latency Time ◽  
Healthy Male ◽  
Drug Induced ◽  
Swiss Albino Mice ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Albino Mice

Objective: To study the effect of metformin and simvastatin on diazepam-and sodium nitrite-induced anterograde amnesia in male Swiss albino mice.Methods: A total of 56 healthy male Swiss albino mice weighing 20–30 g were included in the study Mice were divided into seven groups (n=8) and received a specific dosage of drugs including metformin and simvastatin. Anterograde amnesia was induced by diazepam and sodium nitrite. Morris water maze paradigm was used to study amnesia in which the mice were trained to locate a hidden platform by releasing them into the opaque water for four times a day for four consecutive days. The acquisition of this task was evaluated by measuring escape latency time on all the days of study and by measuring the index of retrieval on day 5 of the study. These observations were compared among the test groups and drug-induced amnesia groups. The time was expressed as mean±standard error of the mean.Results: Significant reduction in the mean escape latency time (25.25 ± 5.09 s) and index of retrieval (52.38 ± 3.55 s) was observed in groups administered with sodium nitrite and metformin (p<0.001). In groups administered with sodium nitrite and simvastatin, the mean escape latency time and index of retrieval were 47.66 ± 7.69 s and 40.75 ± 4.13 s, respectively (p<0.05)). In addition, metformin completely ameliorated sodium nitrite-induced anterograde amnesia.Conclusion: Metformin and simvastatin ameliorated sodium nitrite-induced anterograde amnesia pointing toward a possible antioxidant role and can, therefore, be used to potentially inhibit oxidative stress-induced neurodegeneration. However, the pleiotropic roles of metformin and simvastatin are the areas that warrant further investigation before their clinical use.

scholarly journals Garcinia camobogia extract alters anxiety, sociability, and dopamine turnover in male Swiss albino mice

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael K. Ibrahim ◽  
Marina Aboelsaad ◽  
Fatma Tony ◽  
Moustafa Sayed
Keyword(s):  
Open Field ◽  
Field Test ◽  
Open Field Test ◽  
Receptor Expression ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Dopamine Turnover ◽  
Male Mice ◽  
Garcinia Cambogia ◽  
Swiss Albino Mice ◽  
The Brain

Abstract Obesity is a global concern, closely allied with somatic and psychosomatic disorders. Herbal drugs are available in modern medicine to treat obesity. Garcinia camobogia being used by so many people trying to lose weight produces various systemic side effects. The study was conducted to assess its effect on anxiety, sociability, and dopamine turnover in male mice. Twenty-one male Swiss albino mice of either were divided into three groups with seven mice in each group. Control group was given distilled water (0.5 ml p.o.) and the other two groups received Garcinia cambogia extract at two different doses, a low and a higher dose (100 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg. p.o.) Each animal received a single oral dose daily, which was administered using an oral gavage for fourteen consecutive days. Effect of test drugs on anxiety was evaluated using open field test. Sociability and social novelty were evaluated using three chambers test. Results (mean ± SD) were analyzed using one-way ANOVA test followed by Tukey’s test. Garcinia cambogia extract significantly increased the time spent in the corners in the open field test, significantly reduced sociability and social novelty in the three-chamber test, significantly reduced dopamine turnover in the brain with a significant decrease in dopamine metabolite homovanillic acid (HVA) and increased D2 receptor expression in ventral tegmental area. Garcinia cambogia extract have significant anxiogenic effect along with reduced sociability and social novelty in male mice. Moreover, these effects could be related to the altered dopamine turnover and D2 receptor expression in mice brain. Article Highlights Chronic used of alcoholic extract of Garcinia campbogia lead to a significant increase in anxiety that was manifested by the reduced time in the center zone and increased immobility in the open field test. Garcinia camobogia chronic administration has a profound impact on sociability and social novelty with a significant decrease in both behavioral patterns compared to the control group. These effects could be attributed to the noticed change in the dopamine turnover in the brain with a significant decrease in dopamine metabolite (HVA) and an upward expression of D2 receptors in return.

scholarly journals The Effects of 5-Fluorouracil/Leucovorin Chemotherapy on Cognitive Function in Male Mice

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Groves ◽  
Christa Corley ◽  
Stephanie D. Byrum ◽  
Antiño R. Allen
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Memory ◽  
Probe Trial ◽  
Water Maze ◽  
Memory Retention ◽  
Male Mice ◽  
Vessel Morphology ◽  
Tandem Mass Tag ◽  
Y Maze ◽  
Plus Maze ◽  
Significant Impairment

5-Fluorouracil (5-Fu) and leucovorin (LV) are often given in combination to treat colorectal cancer. 5-Fu/LV prevents cell proliferation by inhibiting thymidylate synthase, which catalyzes the conversion of deoxyuridine monophosphate to deoxythymidine monophosphate. While 5-Fu has been shown to cause cognitive impairment, the synergistic effect of 5-Fu with LV has not been fully explored. The present investigation was designed to assess how the combination of 5-Fu and LV affect cognition in a murine model. Six-month-old male mice were used in this study; 15 mice received saline injections and 15 mice received 5-Fu/LV injections. One month after treatment, the elevated plus maze, Y-maze, and Morris water maze behavioral tasks were performed. Brains were then extracted, cryosectioned, and stained for CD68 to assay microglial activation and with tomato lectin to assay the vasculature. All animals were able to locate the visible and hidden platform locations in the water maze. However, a significant impairment in spatial memory retention was observed in the probe trial after the first day of hidden-platform training (first probe trial) in animals that received 5-Fu/LV, but these animals showed spatial memory retention by day 5. There were no significant increases in inflammation as measured by CD68, but 5-Fu/LV treatment did modulate blood vessel morphology. Tandem mass tag proteomics analysis identified 6,049 proteins, 7 of which were differentially expressed with a p-value of &lt;0.05 and a fold change of &gt;1.5. The present data demonstrate that 5-Fu/LV increases anxiety and significantly impairs spatial memory retention.

scholarly journals Enhancing Spatial Memory: Anxiolytic and Antidepressant Effects ofTapinanthus dodoneifolius(DC) Danser in Mice

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Foyet Harquin Simplice ◽  
Tsala David Emery ◽  
Ngatanko Abaissou Hervé Hervé
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Memory ◽  
Open Field ◽  
Elevated Plus Maze ◽  
Behavioral Pattern ◽  
Forced Swimming ◽  
Y Maze ◽  
Plus Maze ◽  
Antidepressant Effects ◽  
Immobility Time ◽  
Sedative Activity

We evaluated the anxiolytic and antidepressant effects of the aqueous extract of the bark ofTapinanthus dodoneifolius(TAE) (Danser) (25, 50, and 100 mg/kg), using open field, elevated plus maze, and forced swimming tests. Effect of TAE was compared to standard drugs diazepam (2 mg/kg) and imipramine (10 mg/kg). Additionally, the same doses of TAE were evaluated on rat's memory using Y-maze task. Results showed a significant (P<0.05; 100 mg/kg) increase in the percentage of open arm entry and the time spent in the open arms in the elevated plus maze, suggesting an anxiolytic activity of the extract. In a dose-dependant manner, TAE at 25 mg/kg significantly (P<0.05) decreased the number of lines crossed and the rearing behavior in the open field test, suggesting its possible sedative activity. In the forced swimming test, the immobility time of the animal was significantly reduced (P<0.05) by TAE (100 mg/kg), compared to control, and this effect was quite comparable to that of imipramine. In the Y-maze paradigm, TAE at 50 mg/kg caused a significant increase in the spontaneous alternations but with a significant decrease in exploratory behavioral pattern. Taking these results together, TAE improved the spatial memory and showed anxiolytic, antidepressant, and sedative activities. The present results support the anxiolytic and antidepressant activities of TAE and, to our knowledge, for the first time, demonstrate its enhancing effect on memory.

scholarly journals 1 LONG TERM HEALTH AND BEHAVIOR OF ICSI PRODUCED MICE

2005 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 151
Author(s):  
R. Fernandez-Gonzalez ◽  
P. Moreira ◽  
A. Bilbao ◽  
M.A. Ramirez ◽  
M. Perez-Crespo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Memory ◽  
Open Field ◽  
Female Genital Tract ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
Sperm Dna Fragmentation ◽  
Y Maze ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Cd1 Mice

Intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) is a relatively new treatment for human male-related infertility (1992) and for the production of transgenic animals (1995). However, ICSI bypasses many natural biological processes such as sperm maturation, interaction within the female genital tract, sperm capacitation, interaction with oocyte vestments, and sperm membrane fusion with the oocyte. With the widespread use of this technology, its potential adverse outcomes need to be ascertained. It is theoretically possible that ICSI may cause specific problems through injury to the sperm or egg or injection of damaged or defective sperm. Here, we determined if ICSI has a long-term effect on mouse growth, behavior, and health. Female CD1 mice were superovulated and oocytes were injected with frozen-thawed spermatozoa (without cryoprotector or chelating agent) obtained from CD1 mice epididymes (Moreira et al. 2004 Biol. Reprod. 71, in press). Embryos were cultured 24 h in KSOM, and 2-cell embryos were transferred into CD1 females. Fifty-six mice (36 males and 20 females) produced by ICSI and 41 control mice (18 males and 23 females) obtained from in vivo-fertilized mice were analyzed. On week 20, animals were submitted to the following behavior tests: locomotor activity (open field), exploratory/anxiety behavior (elevated plus maze, open field), and spatial memory (free-choice exploration paradigm in Y maze). Comparison between groups was made using analysis of variance followed by least significant difference post hoc test. Postnatal weight gain of female mice produced by ICSI was heavier than for their control counterparts from 10 weeks on (P < 0.01). Males produced by ICSI showed more anxiety and lower locomotion in the p-maze and the Y-maze tests (P < 0.05), but no significant differences were found in the open-field test. Also, no differences were found in spatial memory or in the habituation pattern. Anatomopathological analysis of animals at 16 months of age showed some large organs (heart, lung, and liver; P < 0.01) and an increase in pathologies (15% of animals produced by ICSI presented some solid tumors in lung, dermis of back, or neck). Loss of imprinting is one of the most common epigenetic changes associated with the development of a wide variety of tumours. An association between some imprinting disorders, rare tumors, and ICSI has recently been reported in humans (Wittermer et al. 2004 Med. Sci. 20, 352). We are now analyzing the epigenetic modifications that may be induced by our ICSI protocol and whether the sperm DNA fragmentation that may take place during sperm freezing before the ICSI procedure might not only affect postnatal development, growth, and physiology, but also increase the risk of tumors in adult animals. Our data suggest that our ICSI method produces mice with sex-dimorphic alterations in aberrant growth and anxiety, as well as with a higher probability of developing a solid tumor.

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