scholarly journals An Enhancement of AODV with Multi-Radio in Hybrid Wireless Mesh Network

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Meftah Alrayes ◽  
Sanjay Kumar Biswash ◽  
Neeraj Tyagi ◽  
Rajeev Tripathi ◽  
Arun Kumar Misra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Mesh Network ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Mesh Router ◽  
Data Packets ◽  
Wireless Mesh ◽  
Efficiency And Effectiveness ◽  
Routing Control ◽  
Demand Routing ◽  
Control Packets

AODV-MR (on-demand routing protocol with multi-radio extension) has been designed to support multi-radio interfaces; it uses more than one interface of the same mesh router or gateways for broadcasting duplicated control packets (i.e., RREQ, RRER, and HELLO message) or to rebroadcast it. We have modified AODV-MR, by allocating one interface in a dynamic manner for sending routing/control packets or data packets. This allocation of interfaces is based on type of mesh routers and traffic direction. The efficiency and effectiveness of the modification work have been evaluated compared with AODV-MR in terms of packet delivery ratio, routing packet overhead, end to end delay, and throughput.

scholarly journals Selfish Node Detection and Prevention Based on SDSR in Infrastructure-Less Networks

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anusha Chintam ◽  
A. Sra ◽  
T.V. Madhusudhan Rao
Keyword(s):  
Black Hole ◽  
Packet Delivery Ratio ◽  
Mesh Network ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Performance Variables ◽  
Data Packets ◽  
Packet Delivery ◽  
Mobile Hosts ◽  
Wireless Mesh ◽  
Dynamic Source

Abstract Wireless mesh network formed temporarily by using mobile hosts (nodes) without the help of any centralized and cooperate to dispatch the data packets through wireless links over the network. Due to this decentralization, each node act as both router as well as host for dispatching packets in the network. Because of a dynamic nature that is the mobility nature of the node in a network is vulnerable to various types of attacks. Some of the attacks are gray and black hole attacks. These attacks are advertised incorrect information regarding the shortest path to the sink node. This paper proposes a secure Dynamic Source Routing (SDSR) for providing a secure and safe route between the origin and sink nodes which identify and remove the gray and black hole nodes in the network. The proposed work is simulated by using the NS2 simulator tool and got the better performance for considered performance variables such as packet delivery ratio, throughput and node overhead. The simulation results give better performance compared to normal DSR and selfish DSR with increased packet delivery ratio and throughput and with decreased overhead of the network.

Design and Analysis of a Novel Hybrid Wireless Mesh Network Routing Protocol

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 20-39
Author(s):  
Muddesar Iqbal ◽  
Muhammad Shafiq ◽  
Jin-Ghoo Choi ◽  
Hasina Attaullah ◽  
Khawar Akram ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Routing Protocols ◽  
Wireless Mesh Network ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Mesh Network ◽  
Mesh Router ◽  
Hybrid Routing ◽  
Wireless Mesh ◽  
Performance Metric ◽  
Distance Vector

Wireless mesh network (WMN) operates both in infrastructure and ad-hoc mode. It provides extended network coverage based on heterogeneous wireless technologies through multi-hop communications. In WMNs, the routing mechanisms and network organization need to be improved so that optimal path discovery or different protocols adaptability can be achieved. Hybrid routing is a demanding issue to be discussed these days as need of higher mobility management in the diverse situations and environments. It's required to improve the older schemes for higher data rate and minimum energy consumptions. The proposed work presents a design of a novel routing algorithm for optimal route discovery, congestion reduction, dynamic route selection and scalability in hybrid mesh networks. The authors have focused on Hybrid Routing Protocols to originate a novel routing scheme based on AODV (Ad hoc On-Demand Distance Vector routing protocol) in Ad-Hoc level with clustering scheme and DSDV (Destination Sequence Distance Vector) as proactive routing protocol in Backbone Mesh Router Level to form a new hybrid routing protocol. In this work a Novel Hybrid Distance Vector (NHDV) routing protocol algorithm has been introduced, which is the combination of DSDV (Destination Sequence Distance Vector) and AODV routing protocols. A clustering scheme with the combination of two efficient clustering schemes for Ad-hoc mesh client levels is discussed in detail and a performance metric for DSDV is also discussed which ETX (Expected Transmission Count) is for measuring packet loss ratio at each link for higher throughput. A new performance metric introduced in AODV as Mesh Router Count is used to improve the performance of communication to the Mesh Routers. The proposed work is the design of new algorithm that presents an optimal solution in bringing out a revolutionary change to Hybrid Routing.

scholarly journals An Enhanced OLSR Protocol to Improve Performance of UAV in Wireless Mesh Network

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 3562-3569
Keyword(s):  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Wireless Mesh Network ◽  
Data Encryption ◽  
Packet Delivery Ratio ◽  
Mesh Network ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Healthcare Applications ◽  
Packet Delivery ◽  
Link State ◽  
Wireless Mesh

Over the past few decades, wireless mesh network is the main area of research in small and large sized network structure. Wireless mesh network is a radio based network scheme that needs minimal structure and organisation. It has the capability to integrate the wired system and can be prolonged at minimum cost without losing the mobile nature. Routing protocols mainly affects the performance of the WMN. Some of the advantages of the WMN are cost effective, easy management, robust and reliable service. It is utilised in numerous application areas such as hospitality and healthcare applications, rescue actions and disaster controlling, broadband connection services at home and institutions. In WMN , some challenges faced are, unsuitable number of alternate routes among the pair of the hops, entire capacity decreased due to interference among the multiple connections, effect on security due to complex networks. In a wireless mesh network, described about the optimized link state routing protocol (OLSR) and works on network parameters. In routing protocol, an immediate routing is required so that the change in topology may lead to flooding of data to desirable hosts in the system. After that, routing, performance is evaluated with encryption method using DES. Data encryption standard (DES) is cryptographic method that is applied to block of information. In this research proposed work, developed a novel improved, optimised link state routing method to enhance the network performance end to delay, delivery rate and recover the loss of data from sender to receiver hop. Experimental analysis is done using various parameters metrices as end delay, packet delivery ratio and throughput. In this research, an improvement in discovery delay of PASER and FER is also increased. The frame error rate computed is based on the level ranges range from 0%, 10% and 20%. Moreover, packet delivery ratio is 70% and throughput is 81%.

scholarly journals A Hexagonal Topological and Hop-Count based Geographic Routing Protocol for WMNS

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 530-535
Keyword(s):  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Routing Protocols ◽  
Wireless Mesh Network ◽  
Routing Algorithm ◽  
Geographic Routing ◽  
Mesh Network ◽  
Hop Count ◽  
Mesh Router ◽  
Wireless Mesh ◽  
Minimal Effort

Wireless Mesh Network (WMN) is a convincing theme to many net researchist because of its minimal effort in sending, straightforwardness in the establishment and heartiness in activity. Notwithstanding, current routing protocols intended for MANET, can't work productively in WMN on the grounds that spine in WMN shaped by Mesh Router has low portability and are not put under power and memory duress. In this paper, we are coming with a new idea of routing using geographic multipath, which will be beneficial for an Infrastructural WMNetwork and also don't depend on node's location. The proposed protocols has awareness, about the node's congestion and the node's location of all next neighbors, and utilize Hop-Count array technique. Furthermore, with help of a procedure of congestion-cognizant, nodes can select the perfect connection with adequate bandwidth for the requirement of comer traffic. In the proposed protocol for routing we accomplish various remarkable characteristics of Hop-count array (metric) depend on routing algorithm: straightforwardness, durability and feasibility of affectation. Results demonstrate that throughput increments extraordinarily with our proposed protocol when contrasted with unadulterated AODV and AOMDVin heavily loaded traffic situation.

Analysis of Wireless Mesh Network Routing

2014 ◽  
Vol 989-994 ◽  
pp. 4629-4632
Author(s):  
Xiao Long Tan ◽  
Jia Zhou ◽  
Wen Bin Wang
Keyword(s):  
Network Topology ◽  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Wireless Mesh Network ◽  
Network Routing ◽  
Mesh Network ◽  
Mac Layer ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Wireless Mesh ◽  
Topology Changes ◽  
Communication Links

Since the wireless mesh network topology dynamics and the radio channels instable, the design of wireless mesh network routing protocol become one of the key factors to determine the performance. This paper mainly studied the existing several kinds of typical three-layer mesh network routing protocol (DSDV and AODV), aimed at the defects of three-layer routing limited to the network topology changes, the paper proposed a network model based on two-layer routing. Forwarding the packet, establishing and maintaining the communication links are accomplished on the Mac layer. Simulation tests showed that two-layer routing has a big improvement on the efficiency of packet forwarding, and it effectively reduced the routing overhead and end-to-end delay simultaneously.

scholarly journals Geographic-based Routing in Smart Grid’s Neighbor Area Networks

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (3-4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Quang-Dung Ho ◽  
Gowdemy Rajalingham ◽  
Tho Le-Ngoc
Keyword(s):  
Demand Response ◽  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Information Exchange ◽  
Ieee 802.15.4 ◽  
Packet Transmission ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Area Network ◽  
Smart Meter ◽  
Smart Grid Communications ◽  
Wireless Mesh

Neighbor area network (NAN), also known as smart meter communication network, is one of the most important segments of smart grid communications network (SGCN). This paper studies the performance of greedy perimeter stateless routing (GPSR), a representative implementation of geographic-based routing class, in the NAN scenario and investigates the feasibility of this routing protocol in supporting SG applications. Specifically, packet transmission delay and reliability of GPSR in an IEEE 802.15.4-based wireless mesh NAN with practical system parameters are measured by simulations. The results show that, at the data rate required for conventional SG applications including smart metering, real-time pricing and demand response, the delay can always be maintained below 70 ms (in 95th-percentile perspective) while packet delivery ratio is higher than 90%. However, due to that fact that more advanced applications that require information exchange at higher rates and more stringent delays are emerging in SG, the performance of GPSR in NAN scenarios using radio technologies that can support higher loads and/or larger network scales needs to be studied.

Analysis of Effective Routing Protocols for Flying Ad-Hoc Networks

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sudesh Kumar ◽  
Abhishek Bansal ◽  
Ram Shringar Raw
Keyword(s):  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Ad Hoc Network ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Network Formation ◽  
High Mobility ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Data Packets ◽  
Hoc Networks ◽  
Networking Technology

Recently, the flying ad-hoc network (FANETs) is a popular networking technology used to create a wireless network through unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). In this network, the UAV nodes work as intermediate nodes that communicate with each other to transmit data packets over the network, in the absence of fixed an infrastructure. Due to high mobility degree of UAV nodes, network formation and deformation among the UAVs are very frequent. Therefore, effective routing is a more challenging issue in FANETs. This paper presents performance evaluations and comparisons of the popular topology-based routing protocol namely AODV and position-based routing protocol, namely LAR for high speed mobility as well as a verity of the density of UAV nodes in the FANETs environment through NS-2 simulator. The extensive simulation results have shown that LAR gives better performance than AODV significantly in terms of the packet delivery ratio, normalized routing overhead, end-to-end delay, and average throughput, which make it a more effective routing protocol for the highly dynamic nature of FANETs.

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