scholarly journals Spectrochemical Analysis of Soil around Leather Tanning Industry Using Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shakeel Ahmad Khan ◽  
Muhammad Ibrahim ◽  
Yasir Jamil ◽  
Md. Saiful Islam ◽  
Farhat Abbas
Keyword(s):  
Standard Sample ◽  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Industrial Effluents ◽  
Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy ◽  
Breakdown Spectroscopy ◽  
Leather Tanning ◽  
Qualitative Detection ◽  
Laser Induced Breakdown ◽  
Safe Limits ◽  
Tanning Industry

We report the use of laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) to determine the chromium contamination of soil due to effluents from leather tanning industry in Kasur District of Punjab (+31∘6′23.21″,+74∘27′16.29″) in Pakistan. Calibration curves were constructed by indigenously prepared standard sample and fitting of curves by linear regression. The limit of detection (LOD) was found to be 23.71 mg kg−1. It has been found that the concentration of chromium in the soil is up to 839 mg kg−1in vicinity of effluent drain and 1829 mg kg−1in the area of old stagnant pool, which is much higher than the safe limits. Qualitative detection of other elements like Na, Cl, Fe, P, and Si was done from LIBS spectra. The leaching of soil contaminants due to seepage of industrial effluents from deteriorating brick lined drains in horizontal direction has also been observed.

scholarly journals Rapid Determination of Cadmium Contamination in Lettuce Using Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy

Molecules ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (11) ◽  
pp. 2930 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tingting Shen ◽  
Wenwen Kong ◽  
Fei Liu ◽  
Zhenghui Chen ◽  
Jingdong Yao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Rapid Determination ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy ◽  
Growth Environment ◽  
Breakdown Spectroscopy ◽  
Contamination Degree ◽  
Cd Contamination ◽  
Laser Induced Breakdown

Quick access to cadmium (Cd) contamination in lettuce is important to supervise the leafy vegetable growth environment and market. This study aims to apply laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) technology for fast determination of Cd content and diagnosis of the Cd contamination degree in lettuce. Emission lines Cd II 214.44 nm, Cd II 226.50 nm, and Cd I 228.80 nm were selected to establish the univariate analysis model. Multivariate analysis including partial least squares (PLS) regression, was used to establish Cd content calibration models, and PLS model based on 22 variables selected by genetic algorithm (GA) obtained the best performance with correlation coefficient in the prediction set Rp2 = 0.9716, limit of detection (LOD) = 1.7 mg/kg. K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN) and random forest (RF) were used to analyze Cd contamination degree, and RF model obtained the correct classification rate of 100% in prediction set. The preliminary results indicate LIBS coupled with chemometrics could be used as a fast, efficient and low-cost method to assess Cd contamination in the vegetable industry.

scholarly journals Quantitative Analysis of Cerium-Gallium Alloys Using a Hand-Held Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy Device

Atoms ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashwin P. Rao ◽  
Matthew T. Cook ◽  
Howard L. Hall ◽  
Michael B. Shattan
Keyword(s):  
Emission Line ◽  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Weight Percent ◽  
Emission Lines ◽  
Resolving Power ◽  
Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy ◽  
Significant Heterogeneity ◽  
Emission Data ◽  
Breakdown Spectroscopy ◽  
Laser Induced Breakdown

A hand-held laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy device was used to acquire spectral emission data from laser-induced plasmas created on the surface of cerium-gallium alloy samples with Ga concentrations ranging from 0–3 weight percent. Ionic and neutral emission lines of the two constituent elements were then extracted and used to generate calibration curves relating the emission line intensity ratios to the gallium concentration of the alloy. The Ga I 287.4-nm emission line was determined to be superior for the purposes of Ga detection and concentration determination. A limit of detection below 0.25% was achieved using a multivariate regression model of the Ga I 287.4-nm line ratio versus two separate Ce II emission lines. This LOD is considered a conservative estimation of the technique’s capability given the type of the calibration samples available and the low power (5 mJ per 1-ns pulse) and resolving power ( λ / Δ λ = 4000) of this hand-held device. Nonetheless, the utility of the technique is demonstrated via a detailed mapping analysis of the surface Ga distribution of a Ce-Ga sample, which reveals significant heterogeneity resulting from the sample production process.

scholarly journals Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy and Principal Component Analysis for the Classification of Spectra from Gold-Bearing Ores

2019 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Diaz ◽  
Alejandro Molina ◽  
David W. Hahn
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Component Analysis ◽  
Emission Lines ◽  
Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy ◽  
Single Shot ◽  
Breakdown Spectroscopy ◽  
Laser Induced Breakdown

Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) and principal component analysis (PCA) were applied to the classification of LIBS spectra from gold ores prepared as pressed pellets from pulverized bulk samples. For each sample, 5000 single-shot LIBS spectra were obtained. Although the gold concentrations in the samples were as high as 7.7 µg/g, Au emission lines were not observed in most single-shot LIBS spectra, rendering the application of the usual ensemble-averaging approach for spectral processing to be infeasible. Instead, a PCA approach was utilized to analyze the collection of single-shot LIBS spectra. Two spectral ranges of 21 nm and 0.15 nm wide were considered, and LIBS variables (i.e., wavelengths) reduced to no more than three principal components. Single-shot spectra containing Au emission lines (positive spectra) were discriminated by PCA from those without the spectral feature (negative spectra) in a spectral range of less than 1 nm wide around the Au(I) 267.59 nm emission line. Assuming a discrete gold distribution at very low concentration, LIBS sampling of gold particles seemed unlikely; therefore, positive spectra were considered as data outliers. Detection of data outliers was possible using two PCA statistical parameters, i.e., sample residual and Mahalanobis distance. Results from such a classification were compared with a standard database created with positive spectra identified with a filtering algorithm that rejected spectra with an Au intensity below the smallest detectable analytical LIBS signal (i.e., below the LIBS limit of detection). The PCA approach successfully identified 100% of the data outliers when compared with the standard database. False identifications in the multivariate approach were attributed to variations in shot-to-shot intensity and the presence of interfering emission lines.

Iterative multi-energy calibration and its application in online alloy smelting process monitoring using laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (10) ◽  
pp. 2171-2178
Author(s):  
Xin Li ◽  
Tianzhuo Zhao ◽  
Qixiu Zhong ◽  
Shuzhen Nie ◽  
Hong Xiao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Process Monitoring ◽  
Standard Sample ◽  
Energy Calibration ◽  
Smelting Process ◽  
Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy ◽  
Breakdown Spectroscopy ◽  
Laser Induced Breakdown

IMEC: one standard sample, multiple rounds of self-correction, and higher performance.

Speciation of Chromium via Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy of Ion Exchange Polymer Membranes

2005 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 252-257 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher R. Dockery ◽  
Jack E. Pender ◽  
Scott R. Goode
Keyword(s):  
Cation Exchange ◽  
Natural Waters ◽  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Polymer Membranes ◽  
Solution Concentration ◽  
Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy ◽  
Breakdown Spectroscopy ◽  
Chromium Vi ◽  
Laser Induced Breakdown ◽  
The Matrix

A new method for the speciation of ng/mL concentrations of Cr(III) and Cr(VI) solutions with analysis by laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is reported. Speciation is achieved by pre-concentration of the chromium onto commercially available cation exchange polymer membranes. Chromium(III) is removed directly by cation exchange; chromium(VI) in the filtrate is reduced to Cr(III) and concentrated onto a second cation exchange membrane, affording independent measurement of both species. Large volumes of waters containing Cr(III) and Cr(VI) can be concentrated onto the membranes and directly analyzed by laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy. The estimated limit of detection corresponds to 500 ng of Cr on the membrane: if a solution volume of 1 L is used, then the detection limit corresponds to a solution concentration of 0.5 ng/mL. Excellent separation of the chromium species is attained. Results show that overall method efficiencies range from 94–116% and are independent of the matrix. The influence of pH has been measured, and although Cr(VI) converts to Cr(III) in acidic solutions, the total Cr recoveries are not appreciably influenced by pH over the range of natural waters (4 to 9). In addition, speciation was performed in the presence of a number of different cations and showed that the method is robust in many different and complex matrices.

Hydrogen Leak Detection Using Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy

2005 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 348-353 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. Ball ◽  
V. Hohreiter ◽  
D. W. Hahn
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Laser Pulse ◽  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Substrate Surface ◽  
Solid Substrate ◽  
Hydrogen Gas ◽  
Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy ◽  
Stainless Steel Surface ◽  
Breakdown Spectroscopy ◽  
Laser Induced Breakdown

Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is investigated as a technique for real-time monitoring of hydrogen gas. Two methodologies were examined: The use of a 100 mJ laser pulse to create a laser-induced breakdown directly in a sample gas stream, and the use of a 55 mJ laser pulse to create a laser-induced plasma on a solid substrate surface, with the expanding plasma sampling the gas stream. Various metals were analyzed as candidate substrate surfaces, including aluminum, copper, molybdenum, stainless steel, titanium, and tungsten. Stainless steel was selected, and a detailed analysis of hydrogen detection in binary mixtures of nitrogen and hydrogen at atmospheric pressure was performed. Both the gaseous plasma and the plasma initiated on the stainless steel surface generated comparable hydrogen emission signals, using the 656.28 Hα emission line, and exhibited excellent signal linearity. The limit of detection is about 20 ppm (mass) as determined for both methodologies, with the solid-initiated plasma yielding a slightly better value. Overall, LIBS is concluded to be a viable candidate for hydrogen sensing, offering a combination of high sensitivity with a technique that is well suited to implementation in field environments.

Detection of Gaseous and Particulate Fluorides by Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy

2001 ◽  
Vol 55 (11) ◽  
pp. 1455-1461 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Tran ◽  
Benjamin W. Smith ◽  
David W. Hahn ◽  
James D. Winefordner
Keyword(s):  
Direct Measurement ◽  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Sampling Time ◽  
Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy ◽  
Limits Of Detection ◽  
Sheath Flow ◽  
Figures Of Merit ◽  
Breakdown Spectroscopy ◽  
Laser Induced Breakdown ◽  
Air Sample

Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) was evaluated for the detection of gaseous and particulate fluorides in air and other gas mixtures. Analytical figures of merit were compared in pure air, pure He, air-He mixtures, and air with a He sheath flow. Particulate samples were also collected on filters and subsequently detected. It was demonstrated that SF6 is a suitable surrogate for calibration and optimization for the detection of HF in air. For gaseous F in air, limits of detection obtained were 40 mg/m3 for the direct measurement in air and 5 mg/m3 when the air sample was sheathed in He. For particulate F in air, limits of detection were 9 mg/m3 for direct measurement in air and 0.5 mg/m3 using He sheath flow. When the particulates were preconcentrated by collection on a filter and subsequently analyzed, the limit of detection for F was improved to 5 μg/m3 for a 10-min sampling time at 10 L/min flow rate using subsequent LIBS measurements in pure He.

scholarly journals Quantitative Analysis of Cerium-Gallium Alloys Using a Hand-Held Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy Device

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashwin Rao ◽  
Matthew Cook ◽  
Howard Hall ◽  
Michael Shattan
Keyword(s):  
Emission Line ◽  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Emission Lines ◽  
Resolving Power ◽  
Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy ◽  
Significant Heterogeneity ◽  
Emission Data ◽  
Handheld Device ◽  
Breakdown Spectroscopy ◽  
Laser Induced Breakdown

A hand-held laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy device was used to acquire spectral emission data from laser-induced plasmas created on the surface of cerium-gallium alloy samples with Ga concentrations ranging from 0 to 3 weight percent. Ionic and neutral emission lines of the two constituent elements were then extracted and used to generate calibration curves relating the emission line intensity ratios to the gallium concentration of the alloy. The Ga I 287.4 nm emission line was determined to be superior for the purposes of Ga detection and concentration determination.A limit of detection below 0.25% was achieved using a multivariate regression model of the Ga I287.4 nm line ratio versus two separate Ce II emission lines. This LOD is considered a conservative estimation of technique’s capability given the type of the calibration samples available and low power( 5 mJ per 1 ns pulse) and resolving power (λ/∆λ= 4000) of this handheld device. Nonetheless, the utility of the technique is demonstrated via a detailed mapping analysis of the surface Ga distribution of a Ce-Ga sample which reveals significant heterogeneity resulting from the sample production process.

Monitoring of Oxygen in Simulated Electrolytic Reduction Salt of Pyroprocessing Using Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy

2021 ◽  
pp. 000370282110428
Author(s):  
Se-Hwan Park ◽  
Seul-Ki Han ◽  
Seong-Kyu Ahn
Keyword(s):  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Optical Emission ◽  
Peak Height ◽  
Electrolytic Reduction ◽  
Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy ◽  
Peak Height Ratio ◽  
Normal Range ◽  
Optical Emission Spectrum ◽  
Breakdown Spectroscopy ◽  
Laser Induced Breakdown

Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) was explored as a method of monitoring oxygen (O) concentration in electrolytic reduction salt of pyroprocessing. Simulated salt samples were fabricated, and each sample was put in a transparent and sealed vial filled with argon gas. An Nd:YAG laser pulse was applied to the sample through the vial surface, and the optical emission spectrum was measured. O(I) 777.2 nm lines were clearly identified in the spectrum of a sample containing Li2O, and the intensity of the O peak and the intensity ratio of O and lithium (Li) peaks, in which Li was used as the normalization, increased linearly as the O concentration in the salt sample was increased. The limit of detection and root mean square error were calculated for the cases of O peak area, O peak height, peak area ratio of O–Li, and the peak height ratio of O–Li, and all the cases could indicate that the O concentration in the electrolytic reduction salt was out of normal range. Our result shows that LIBS has the possibility to be used as a method for monitoring of O in electrolytic reduction salt.

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