scholarly journals Risk Factors Associated with Injury and Mortality from Paediatric Low Speed Vehicle Incidents: A Systematic Review

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Anne Paul Anthikkat ◽  
Andrew Page ◽  
Ruth Barker
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Young Children ◽  
Low Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Included Study ◽  
Driver Behaviour ◽  
Housing Design ◽  
Low Speed ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Behavioural Factors

Objective. This study reviews modifiable risk factors associated with fatal and nonfatal injury from low-speed vehicle runover (LSVRO) incidents involving children aged 0–15 years.Data Sources. Electronic searches for child pedestrian and driveway injuries from the peer-reviewed literature and transport-related websites from 1955 to 2012.Study Selection. 41 studies met the study inclusion criteria.Data Extraction. A systematic narrative summary was conducted that included study design, methodology, risk factors, and other study variables.Results. The most commonly reported risk factors for LSVRO incidents included age under 5 years, male gender, and reversing vehicles. The majority of reported incidents involved residential driveways, but several studies identified other traffic and nontraffic locations. Low socioeconomic status and rental accommodation were also associated with LSVRO injury. Vehicles were most commonly driven by a family member, predominantly a parent.Conclusion. There are a number of modifiable vehicular, environmental, and behavioural factors associated with LSVRO injuries in young children that have been identified in the literature to date. Strategies relating to vehicle design (devices for increased rearward visibility and crash avoidance systems), housing design (physical separation of driveway and play areas), and behaviour (driver behaviour, supervision of young children) are discussed.

scholarly journals LO046: Factors associated with hospital admission following asthma exacerbations: a systematic review

CJEM ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (S1) ◽  
pp. S46-S46 ◽  
Author(s):  
B.H. Rowe ◽  
N. Arrotta ◽  
J. Hill ◽  
E. Dennett ◽  
M. Harries
Keyword(s):  
Hospital Admissions ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Included Study ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Admission Rates ◽  
Literature Searches ◽  
Number Of Patients

Introduction: Patients with asthma frequently present to the emergency department (ED) with exacerbations; however, a select number of patients require admission to hospital. The objective of this study was to summarize the evidence regarding asthma-related hospital admissions and factors associated with these admissions following ED presentation. Methods: Comprehensive literature searches were conducted in seven electronic databases (database inception to 2015); manual and grey literature searches were also performed. Studies reporting disposition for adults after ED presentation were included. Study quality was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS); standardized data-collection forms were used for data extraction. Admission proportions and factors associated with admission at a statistical significance level (p<0.05) were reported. Results: Out of an initial 5865 identified articles, 37 articles met full inclusion criteria. Admission proportions were reported in 25/37 studies, ranged from 1% to 37%, and collectively demonstrated a decline of ~9% in admissions between 1993 and 2012. Studies including a >50% Caucasian ethnicity were found to have a median admission proportion of 13% (interquartile range [IQR]= 7, 20) versus studies with >50% non-Caucasian ethnicity at 22% (IQR=20, 28). Age, female sex, and previous hospitalizations for asthma exacerbation were the most individually identifiable factors associated with admission. Presenting features and medication profile were the most frequent domains associated with admission. Conclusion: Admission rates have decreased approximately 9% in a nearly 20-year span and seem to be higher in studies involving mostly non-Caucasian ethnic groups. Demographic factors, markers of severity obtained by history or at ED presentation, and medication profile could be assessed by ED clinicians to effectively discern patients at high risk for admission.

scholarly journals Identification of Risk Factors for Falls in Multiple Sclerosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2013 ◽  
Vol 93 (4) ◽  
pp. 504-513 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hilary J. Gunn ◽  
Paul Newell ◽  
Bernhard Haas ◽  
Jonathan F. Marsden ◽  
Jennifer A. Freeman
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Fall Risk ◽  
English Language ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Newcastle Ottawa Scale ◽  
Risk Factors For Falls

Background Falls are a significant issue in people with multiple sclerosis (MS), with research demonstrating fall rates of more than 50%. Purpose The purpose of this study was to evaluate the risk factors associated with falling in people with MS. Data Sources Mixed search methods were used, including computer-based and manual searches. Additionally, hand searches of reference lists and conference abstracts were performed. All literature published from the source's earliest date to January 2012 was included; only full-text English-language sources (or those where a translation was available) were included. Study Selection Eligibility criteria specified articles evaluating any aspect of fall risk in adults with a confirmed MS diagnosis, where the incidence of falling as determined by prospective or retrospective participant report was included. Data Extraction Data were extracted independently by 2 reviewers using a written protocol and standardized extraction documentation. Detailed assessment of each article was independently undertaken by both reviewers, including assessment of study quality using an adaptation of the Newcastle Ottawa Scale plus extraction of key data (participant characteristics, fall incidence, and outcomes). Data Synthesis The final review comprised 8 articles with a total of 1,929 participants; 1,037 (53.75%) were classified as fallers. Eighteen different risk factors were assessed within the included studies. Meta-analysis demonstrated an increase in fall risk associated with impairments of balance and cognition, progressive MS, and use of a mobility aid. Narrative review of the qualitative articles and those factors where meta-analysis was not possible also was undertaken. Limitations Variation in assessment, analysis, and reporting methods allowed meta-analysis for only 4 factors. Conclusion There is limited evidence of the factors associated with fall risk in people with MS. Further methodologically robust studies are needed.

Unexpected Death Due to Acute Airway Obstruction in Daycare Centers

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 94 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-114
Author(s):  
Roger W. Byard
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Young Children ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Upper Aerodigestive Tract ◽  
Unexpected Death ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Daycare Centers ◽  
Acute Airway Obstruction ◽  
Sudden Collapse ◽  
Infants And Young Children

Sudden collapse due to acute upper aerodigestive tract obstruction in infants and young children is most often caused by ingested food or toy parts.1,2 Although attention has been previously drawn to the different pattern of food asphyxiation in children compared with adults,2 the following two cases taken from the autopsy files of the Adelaide Children's Hospital over a 20-year period demonstrate particular risk factors associated with young children eating in daycare centers. CASE REPORTS Case 1 A 19-month-old healthy boy was eating a sausage happily in a daycare center when last observed by a caretaker who was then absent for several minutes.

Risk factors associated with transient wheezing in young children

2008 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 161-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael R. Simon ◽  
Suzanne L. Havstad ◽  
Ganesa R. Wegienka ◽  
Dennis R. Ownby ◽  
Christine Cole Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Young Children ◽  
Factors Associated

scholarly journals Risk factors associated with scabies infestation among primary schoolchildren in a low socio-economic area in southeast of Iran

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alireza Sanei-Dehkordi ◽  
Moussa Soleimani-Ahmadi ◽  
Mehdi Zare ◽  
Seyed Aghil Jaberhashemi
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Low Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Educational Level ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
Close Contact ◽  
Personal Hygiene ◽  
Major Health Problem ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Primary Schoolchildren ◽  
Scabies Infestation

Abstract Background Scabies is a neglected tropical disease caused by the mite Sarcoptes scabiei that burrows under the skin. It is a major health problem in tropical areas, largely affecting children. Scabies is common and highly contagious and in schoolchildren spreads quite rapidly, due to overcrowding and close contact within the schools. This study aimed to determine the risk factors associated with scabies infestation among primary schoolchildren in Bashagard County, one of the low socio-economic areas in southeast of Iran. Methods To conduct this community-based, descriptive, and cross-sectional study, four primary schools were randomly selected in the Bashagard County. All students in these schools were selected and examined for scabies. Clinical examination and sociodemographic profile of students were assessed using a pre-tested structured questionnaire. Chi-square test, and binary logistic regression were used to analyse the factors associated with scabies infestation by SPSS version 21 software. Results Out of 480 studied schoolchildren, 15 cases of scabies with a prevalence of 3.1 % were observed. The frequency of infestation in males was 1.6 % and it was 4.7 % in females. Independent factors associated with a high risk of scabies infestation in unadjusted analysis were being student of grade 5–6 (cOR = 13.12, 95 % CI 2.92–58.89, p = 0.0001), low educational level of father (cOR = 4.37, 95 % CI 0.97–19.59, p = 0.036), low educational level of mother (cOR = 4.14, 95 % CI 1.92–18.57, p = 0.045), joblessness of father (cOR = 14.77, 95 % CI 4.97–43.89, p = 0.0001), employment of mother (cOR = 5.28, 95 % CI 1.38–20.16, p = 0.007), large family size (cOR = 3.34, 95 % CI 1.05–10.64, p = 0.031), use of shared articles (cOR = 33.37, 95 % CI 10.82–102.90, p = 0.0001), and absence of bathroom in the house (cOR = 11.77, 95 % CI 2.16–63.94, p = 0.0001). Conclusions Results of this study confirmed that scabies is still one of the most important health problems in the primary schools of the Bashagard County. Low socioeconomic status and personal hygiene of the schoolchildren were the most important factors influencing the prevalence of scabies. Improvement of socioeconomic conditions and implementation of appropriate educational programs and active surveillance system to quickly detect and treat scabies cases are necessary in order to reduce the prevalence of scabies in schoolchildren in this area.

scholarly journals Risk Factors Associated With Scabies Infestation Among Schoolchildren in a Low Socio-Economic Area in Southeast of Iran

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alireza Sanei-Dehkordi ◽  
Moussa Soleimani-Ahmadi ◽  
Mehdi Zare ◽  
Seyed Aghil Jaberhashemi
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Low Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Health Problem ◽  
Educational Level ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
Close Contact ◽  
Personal Hygiene ◽  
Major Health Problem ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Scabies Infestation

Abstract Background: Scabies is a neglected tropical disease caused by the mite Sarcoptes scabiei that burrows under the skin. It is a major health problem in tropical areas, largely affecting children. Scabies is common and highly contagious and in schoolchildren spreads quite rapidly, due to overcrowding and close contact within the schools. This study aimed to determine the risk factors associated with scabies infestation among schoolchildren in Bashagard County, one of the low socio-economic areas in southeast of Iran.Methods: To conduct this community-based cross-sectional study, four primary schools were randomly selected in the Bashagard County. In each school all of the students were selected and examined for scabies. Clinical examination and sociodemographic profile of students were assessed using a pre-tested structured questionnaire. Data were analyzed using SPSS.21 software.Results: Out of 480 studied schoolchildren, there were 15 cases of scabies with a prevalence of 3.1%. The frequency of infestation in males was 1.6% and it was 4.7% in females. Independent factors associated with a high risk of scabies infestation in unadjusted analysis were being student of grade 5-6 (OR =13.12, 95% CI 2.92-58.89, p= 0.0001), being older than 10 years (OR =36.07, 95% CI 7.96-163.28, p= 0.0001), low educational level of father (OR =4.37, 95% CI 0.97-19.59, p= 0.036), low educational level of mother (OR =4.14, 95% CI 1.92-18.57, p=0.045), father’s joblessness (OR =14.77, 95% CI 4.97-43.89, p=0.0001), employment of mother (OR =5.28, 95% CI 1.38-20.16, p=0.007), large family size (OR =3.34, 95% CI 1.05-10.64, p=0.031), use of shared articles (OR =33.37, 95% CI 10.82-102.90, p= 0.0001), and absence of bathroom in the house (OR =11.77, 95% CI 2.16-63.94, p= 0.0001). Conclusion: Results of this study confirm that scabies is still one of the most important health problem in the Primary schools of the Bashagard County. Low socioeconomic status and personal hygiene of the schoolchildren were the most important factors significantly influencing the prevalence of scabies. Improvement of socioeconomic conditions and implementation of appropriate educational programs and active surveillance system to quickly detect and treat scabies cases is necessary to reduce the prevalence of scabies in schoolchildren in this area.

scholarly journals An investigation of risk factors associated with respiratory syncytial virus infection in a sample of infants and young children from baghdad

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-34
Author(s):  
Suha Hanoon Ali ◽  
Arwa Mujahid Abdullah Al-Shuwaikh ◽  
Hala Sameh Arif
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Respiratory Syncytial Virus ◽  
Young Children ◽  
Bottle Feeding ◽  
Winter Period ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Viral Respiratory Tract Infection ◽  
Syncytial Virus ◽  
Infants And Young Children

Background: Human Respiratory Syncytial virus (hRSV) is one of the major causes of viral respiratory tract infection in infants and young children. Aim of study:  The aim of this study was to determine the risk factors associated with hRSV infection. Objective: This study included 100 hospitalized infants and young children with chest infection (39 female and 61 male) aged from (1) to (24) months, their mean age (6.87) months. Material and methods:  Nasopharyngeal/throat swabs specimens were collected over a three-month winter period from January to April, 2017. hRSV was determined by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Results:  The highest percentage of hRSV RNA (56.81%) was observed in the age group less than 6 months, followed by (27.27%) and (15.91%) in the age group 6-12 months and 12-24 months, respectively, which mean that (84%) of hRSV infections were under 12 months of age. Regarding the type of feeding, about (84%) of hRSV infections were positive in patients with bottle feeding which indicated that the role of breastfeeding in preventing hRSV infection and hospitalization is undisputed, Results showed that there was no significant association between these risk factors and the occurrence of hRSV infection (P˃ 0.05). Conclusion:  The hRSV-RNA is equally distributed between patients exposed and not exposed to smoking (50%).

scholarly journals Clustering of Lifestyle Cardiovascular Risk Factors Among Healthy Government Servants in Kuala Terengganu: Who And What to Target

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-60
Author(s):  
Nurulhuda MH ◽  
Norwati D ◽  
Mazubir NN
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
Low Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Low Socioeconomic ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Lifestyle Risks

Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death and disability among men and women in nearly all nations, including Malaysia.  Lifestyle cardiovascular risk factors such as dietary habits, physical inactivity and smoking are considered fundamental risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Previous studies showed that the clustering of cardiovascular risk factors significantly increase the risk of developing cardiovascular events. Surveillance of these key modifiable risk factors, including its clustering and study of factors associated is needed to monitor the magnitude of the problem and effects of our interventions. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and factors associated with clustering of lifestyle cardiovascular risk factors among government servants in Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia. This was a cross-sectional study conducted between June and September 2013 among 121 government servants, selected using simple random sampling from all servants asymptomatic of cardiovascular disease at a multi-department government center in the capital of Terengganu. A questionnaire, which consisted of socio-demographic data, International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) and the dietary component of WHO STEPs, were used as the research tools. Clustering of lifestyle cardiovascular risk was defined as the presence of two or more of the lifestyle risk factors. Prevalence of clustering of lifestyle risks in this study was 57% (95% CI: 0.47, 0.67). Respondents with income less than RM3, 000 was significantly associated with clustering of lifestyle cardiovascular risks (p=0.032, OR 2.57, CI: 1.08, 6.07). This study provides evidence of clustering of lifestyle risks in the local asymptomatic healthy subjects. Therefore, comprehensive lifestyle interventions may be an effective strategy for controlling CVD risk factors, especially among those with low socioeconomic status where affordable interventions should be suggested. A more effective approach should be identified to promote affordable healthier diet and healthy lifestyle activities.   Keywords: Clustering; Lifestyle; Cardiovascular Risk Factors; low socioeconomic status.

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