scholarly journals Quantitative MRI Demonstrates Abnormality of the Fornix and Cingulum in Multiple Sclerosis

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie B. Syc ◽  
Daniel M. Harrison ◽  
Shiv Saidha ◽  
Michaela Seigo ◽  
Peter A. Calabresi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Healthy Volunteers ◽  
Cognitive Dysfunction ◽  
Diffusion Tensor ◽  
Magnetization Transfer ◽  
Mean Diffusivity ◽  
Brain Structures ◽  
Quantitative Mri ◽  
Magnetization Transfer Ratio

Objective. To characterize MR signal changes associated with tissue damage in the fornix and cingulum in multiple sclerosis (MS) using quantitative MRI measures and to determine associations with cognitive dysfunction.Background. The fornix and cingulum are white-matter bundles that carry information related to cognition. While cognitive dysfunction is reported in 40–60% of MS patients, the neuroanatomical correlates of cognitive impairment remain incompletely understood.Methods. The cingulum, pillars of the fornix, and corticospinal tract were segmented by fiber tracking via diffusion tensor imaging. Average tract-specific fractional anisotropy (FA), mean diffusivity (MD), and magnetization transfer ratio (MTR) were compared in MS cases and healthy volunteers. Associations with clinical measures and neuropsychological tests were derived by multivariate linear regression.Results. Fornix FA (P=0.004) and MTR (P=0.005) were decreased, and fornix MD (P<0.001) and cingulum MD (P<0.001) increased, in MS cases (n=101) relative to healthy volunteers (n=16) after adjustment for age and sex. Lower fornix FA and MTR, and higher fornix MD andλ∥, were correlated with lower PASAT-3 scores, but not with slower 25FTW times. Lower PASAT-3 scores were associated with lower cingulum FA and higher MD andλ⊥.Conclusions. Cognitive dysfunction in MS may involve damage to a widespread network of brain structures, including white-matter pathways within the limbic system.

scholarly journals MRI of the corpus callosum in multiple sclerosis: association with disability

2010 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 166-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Ozturk ◽  
SA Smith ◽  
EM Gordon-Lipkin ◽  
DM Harrison ◽  
N. Shiee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Corpus Callosum ◽  
Diffusion Tensor ◽  
Magnetization Transfer ◽  
Quantitative Mri ◽  
Magnetization Transfer Ratio ◽  
Lesion Volume ◽  
Impaired Performance ◽  
Disability Status ◽  
Axon Damage

Inflammatory demyelination and axon damage in the corpus callosum are prominent features of multiple sclerosis (MS) and may partially account for impaired performance on complex tasks. The objective of this article was to characterize quantitative callosal MRI abnormalities and their association with disability. In 69 participants with MS and 29 healthy volunteers, lesional and extralesional callosal MRI indices were estimated via diffusion tensor tractography. expanded disability status scale (EDSS) and MS functional composite (MSFC) scores were recorded in 53 of the participants with MS. All tested callosal MRI indices were diffusely abnormal in MS. EDSS score was correlated only with age (r = 0.51). Scores on the overall MSFC and its paced serial auditory addition test (PASAT) and 9-hole peg test components were correlated with callosal fractional anisotropy (r = 0.27, 0.35, and 0.31, respectively) and perpendicular diffusivity (r = —0.29, —0.30, and —0.31) but not with overall callosal volume or callosal lesion volume; the PASAT score was more weakly correlated with callosal magnetization-transfer ratio (r = 0.21). Anterior callosal abnormalities were associated with impaired PASAT performance and posterior abnormalities with slow performance on the 9-hole peg test. In conclusion, abnormalities in the corpus callosum can be assessed with quantitative MRI and are associated with cognitive and complex upper-extremity dysfunction in MS.

MRI/MRS of corpus callosum in patients with clinically isolated syndrome suggestive of multiple sclerosis

2003 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 554-565 ◽  
Author(s):  
J P Ranjeva ◽  
J Pelletier ◽  
S Confort-Gouny ◽  
D Ibarrola ◽  
B Audoin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Corpus Callosum ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Magnetization Transfer ◽  
Mean Diffusivity ◽  
Clinically Isolated Syndrome ◽  
Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Magnetization Transfer Ratio ◽  
R Ratio

A trophy of corpus callosum (C C) related to axonal loss has previously been observed in patients at the early stage of clinically definite multiple sclerosis (CDMS). Atrophy increases with the progression of the disease. Nevertheless, no data concerning the onset of atrophy of C C are currently available. The purpose of this study is to determine if damage in callosal tissue was present at the earliest stage of MS, in a subgroup of patients presenting with a clinically isolated syndrome suggestive of MS (C ISSMS), fulfilling the dissemination in space criteria according to McDonald. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) techniques were applied to measure C C volume, magnetization transfer ratio (MTR), mean diffusivity (MD), N-acetyl aspartate/choline-containing compounds (NAA/C ho) ratio, N-acetyl aspartate/total creatine (NA A/C r) ratio and C ho/C r ratio inside the C C of 46 C ISSMS patients and 24 sexand age-matched controls. No atrophy of C C was observed in the C ISSMS group. C C of patients was character ized by decreased MTR and increased MD. No change in the NA A/C r ratio was observed while the NA A/C ho ratio decreased and C ho/C r ratio increased in the splenium and the central anterio r part of C C. These abnormalities were present in patients with, but also without, macroscopic lesions inside the C C. O ur results indicate that diffuse structural and metabolic changes, which may be interpreted as representing predominantly myelin patho logy, occur in the C C at the earliest stage of MS before any atrophy is detected.

Characterization of white matter damage in animal models of multiple sclerosis by magnetization transfer ratio and quantitative mapping of the apparent bound proton fraction f*

2009 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Rausch ◽  
PS Tofts ◽  
P Lervik ◽  
AR Walmsley ◽  
A Mir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Animal Models ◽  
Tissue Damage ◽  
Magnetization Transfer ◽  
Transverse Relaxation Time ◽  
Magnetization Transfer Ratio ◽  
White Matter Damage ◽  
Transfer Ratio ◽  
Quantitative Mapping

Quantitative magnetization transfer magnetic resonance imaging (qMT-MRI) can be used to improve detection of white matter tissue damage in multiple sclerosis (MS) and animal models thereof. To study the correlation between MT parameters and tissue damage, the magnetization transfer ratio (MTR), the parameter f* (closely related to the bound proton fraction) and the bound proton transverse relaxation time T2B of lesions in a model of focal experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) were measured on a 7T animal scanner and data were compared with histological markers indicative for demyelination, axonal density, and tissue damage. A clear spatial correspondence was observed between reduced values of MTR and demyelination in this animal model. We observed two different levels of MTR and f* reduction for these lesions. One was characterized by a pronounced demyelination and the other corresponded to a more severe loss of the cellular matrix. Changes in f* were generally more pronounced than those of MTR in areas of demyelination. Moreover, a reduction of f* was already observed for tissue where MTR was virtually normal. No changes in T2B were observed for the lesions. We conclude that MTR and qMT mapping are efficient and reliable readouts for studying demyelination in animal models of MS, and that the analysis of regional f* might be even superior to the analysis of MTR values. Therefore, quantitative mapping of f* from human brains might also improve the detection of white matter damage in MS.

scholarly journals Exploratory Radiomic Analysis of Conventional vs. Quantitative Brain MRI: Toward Automatic Diagnosis of Early Multiple Sclerosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizaveta Lavrova ◽  
Emilie Lommers ◽  
Henry C. Woodruff ◽  
Avishek Chatterjee ◽  
Pierre Maquet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Magnetization Transfer ◽  
Medical Image Analysis ◽  
Brain Mri ◽  
External Validation ◽  
Region Of Interest ◽  
Quantitative Mri ◽  
Training Dataset ◽  
Image Type

Conventional magnetic resonance imaging (cMRI) is poorly sensitive to pathological changes related to multiple sclerosis (MS) in normal-appearing white matter (NAWM) and gray matter (GM), with the added difficulty of not being very reproducible. Quantitative MRI (qMRI), on the other hand, attempts to represent the physical properties of tissues, making it an ideal candidate for quantitative medical image analysis or radiomics. We therefore hypothesized that qMRI-based radiomic features have added diagnostic value in MS compared to cMRI. This study investigated the ability of cMRI (T1w) and qMRI features extracted from white matter (WM), NAWM, and GM to distinguish between MS patients (MSP) and healthy control subjects (HCS). We developed exploratory radiomic classification models on a dataset comprising 36 MSP and 36 HCS recruited in CHU Liege, Belgium, acquired with cMRI and qMRI. For each image type and region of interest, qMRI radiomic models for MS diagnosis were developed on a training subset and validated on a testing subset. Radiomic models based on cMRI were developed on the entire training dataset and externally validated on open-source datasets with 167 HCS and 10 MSP. Ranked by region of interest, the best diagnostic performance was achieved in the whole WM. Here the model based on magnetization transfer imaging (a type of qMRI) features yielded a median area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 1.00 in the testing sub-cohort. Ranked by image type, the best performance was achieved by the magnetization transfer models, with median AUCs of 0.79 (0.69–0.90, 90% CI) in NAWM and 0.81 (0.71–0.90) in GM. The external validation of the T1w models yielded an AUC of 0.78 (0.47–1.00) in the whole WM, demonstrating a large 95% CI and a low sensitivity of 0.30 (0.10–0.70). This exploratory study indicates that qMRI radiomics could provide efficient diagnostic information using NAWM and GM analysis in MSP. T1w radiomics could be useful for a fast and automated check of conventional MRI for WM abnormalities once acquisition and reconstruction heterogeneities have been overcome. Further prospective validation is needed, involving more data for better interpretation and generalization of the results.

Surface-in pathology in multiple sclerosis: a new view on pathogenesis?

Brain ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matteo Pardini ◽  
J William L Brown ◽  
Roberta Magliozzi ◽  
Richard Reynolds ◽  
Declan T Chard
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Grey Matter ◽  
Magnetization Transfer ◽  
Neuronal Loss ◽  
Magnetization Transfer Ratio ◽  
Supporting Evidence ◽  
Transfer Ratio ◽  
Meningeal Inflammation

Abstract While multiple sclerosis can affect any part of the CNS, it does not do so evenly. In white matter it has long been recognized that lesions tend to occur around the ventricles, and grey matter lesions mainly accrue in the outermost (subpial) cortex. In cortical grey matter, neuronal loss is greater in the outermost layers. This cortical gradient has been replicated in vivo with magnetization transfer ratio and similar gradients in grey and white matter magnetization transfer ratio are seen around the ventricles, with the most severe abnormalities abutting the ventricular surface. The cause of these gradients remains uncertain, though soluble factors released from meningeal inflammation into the CSF has the most supporting evidence. In this Update, we review this ‘surface-in’ spatial distribution of multiple sclerosis abnormalities and consider the implications for understanding pathogenic mechanisms and treatments designed to slow or stop them.

scholarly journals Cortical axonal loss is associated with both gray matter demyelination and white matter tract pathology in progressive multiple sclerosis: Evidence from a combined MRI-histopathology study

2020 ◽  
pp. 135245852091897 ◽  
Author(s):  
Svenja Kiljan ◽  
Paolo Preziosa ◽  
Laura E Jonkman ◽  
Wilma DJ van de Berg ◽  
Jos Twisk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Diffusion Tensor ◽  
Mean Diffusivity ◽  
White Matter Lesions ◽  
Progressive Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Axonal Loss ◽  
Normal Appearing White Matter ◽  
Axonal Density ◽  
Neuroaxonal Degeneration

Background: Neuroaxonal degeneration is one of the hallmarks of clinical deterioration in progressive multiple sclerosis (PMS). Objective: To elucidate the association between neuroaxonal degeneration and both local cortical and connected white matter (WM) tract pathology in PMS. Methods: Post-mortem in situ 3T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and cortical tissue blocks were collected from 16 PMS donors and 10 controls. Cortical neuroaxonal, myelin, and microglia densities were quantified histopathologically. From diffusion tensor MRI, fractional anisotropy, axial diffusivity (AD), radial diffusivity (RD), and mean diffusivity (MD) were quantified in normal-appearing white matter (NAWM) and white matter lesions (WML) of WM tracts connected to dissected cortical regions. Between-group differences and within-group associations were investigated through linear mixed models. Results: The PMS donors displayed significant axonal loss in both demyelinated and normal-appearing (NA) cortices ( p < 0.001 and p = 0.02) compared with controls. In PMS, cortical axonal density was associated with WML MD and AD ( p = 0.003; p = 0.02, respectively), and NAWM MD and AD ( p = 0.04; p = 0.049, respectively). NAWM AD and WML AD explained 12.6% and 22.6%, respectively, of axonal density variance in NA cortex. Additional axonal loss in demyelinated cortex was associated with cortical demyelination severity ( p = 0.002), explaining 34.4% of axonal loss variance. Conclusion: Reduced integrity of connected WM tracts and cortical demyelination both contribute to cortical axonal loss in PMS.

scholarly journals Magnetization transfer ratio measures in normal-appearing white matter show periventricular gradient abnormalities in multiple sclerosis

Brain ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 138 (5) ◽  
pp. 1239-1246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zheng Liu ◽  
Matteo Pardini ◽  
Özgür Yaldizli ◽  
Varun Sethi ◽  
Nils Muhlert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Magnetization Transfer ◽  
Magnetization Transfer Ratio ◽  
Transfer Ratio ◽  
Normal Appearing White Matter

scholarly journals The Prognostic Value of White-Matter Selective Double Inversion Recovery MRI Sequence in Multiple Sclerosis: An Exploratory Study

Diagnostics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 686
Author(s):  
Francesco Crescenzo ◽  
Damiano Marastoni ◽  
Anna Isabella Pisani ◽  
Agnese Tamanti ◽  
Caterina Dapor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Magnetization Transfer ◽  
Inversion Recovery ◽  
Double Inversion Recovery ◽  
Magnetization Transfer Ratio ◽  
Tissue Properties ◽  
Relapsing Remitting ◽  
3.0 T

Using a white-matter selective double inversion recovery sequence (WM-DIR) that suppresses both grey matter (GM) and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) signals, some white matter (WM) lesions appear surrounded by a dark rim. These dark rim lesions (DRLs) seem to be specific for multiple sclerosis (MS). They could be of great usefulness in clinical practice, proving to increase the MRI diagnostic criteria specificity. The aims of this study are the identification of DRLs on 1.5 T MRI, the exploration of the relationship between DRLs and disease course, the characterization of DRLs with respect to perilesional normal-appearing WM using magnetization transfer imaging, and the investigation of possible differences in the underlying tissue properties by assessing WM-DIR images obtained at 3.0 T MRI. DRLs are frequent in primary progressive MS (PPMS) patients. Amongst relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS) patients, DRLs are associated with a high risk of the disease worsening and secondary progressive MS (SPMS) conversion after 15 years. The mean magnetization transfer ratio (MTR) of DRLs is significantly different from the lesion without the dark rim, suggesting that DRLs correspond to more destructive lesions.

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