scholarly journals Integrating the TRIZ and Taguchi's Method in the Optimization of Processes Parameters for SMT

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yung-Tsan Jou ◽  
Wen-Tsann Lin ◽  
Wei-Cheng Lee ◽  
Tsu-Ming Yeh
Keyword(s):  
Optimal Parameter ◽  
Circuit Board ◽  
Solder Paste ◽  
Taguchi’S Method ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Assembly Technology ◽  
Ejection Speed ◽  
Solder Paste Printing

SMT is an assembly technology for core circuit board parts. Unless process parameters are effectively controlled, poor solderability may result in a decline in product quality. This study looks at an SMT manufacturing process in a multinational company. First, the TRIZ contradiction matrix is revised to investigate the association between the 39 parameters in the contradiction matrix and 13 parameters that influence the unevenness of solder paste in the solder paste printing process. Expert verification is then used to screen the key factors affecting the quality of SMT, which are then combined with Taguchi's method to identify the optimal parameter set influencing the thickness of SMT solder paste.Results. TRIZ identifies squeegee pressure, ejection speed, squeegee speed, and squeegee angle as the four parameters with the greatest influence on SMT solder paste thickness. Taguchi's method is used to identify the optimum levels set for the experimental factors and carry out confirmation experiments. TheS/Nratio improved from 21.732 db to 26.632 db, while the mean also improved from the current 0.163 mm to 0.155 mm, close to the target value of 0.15 mm. The results show that applying TRIZ and Taguchi's method for the purpose of product improvement is feasible.

The behaviour of solder pastes in stencil printing with electropolishing process

2013 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 164-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong‐Won Lee ◽  
Keun‐Soo Kim ◽  
Katsuaki Suganuma
Keyword(s):  
Circuit Board ◽  
Surface Finishing ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Solder Paste ◽  
Stencil Printing ◽  
Printing Process ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Solder Paste Printing ◽  
Solder Mask

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to study the effect of the electropolishing time of stencil manufacturing parameters and solder‐mask definition methods of PCB pad design parameters on the performance of solder paste stencil printing process for the assembly of 01005 chip components.Design/methodology/approachDuring the study, two types of stencils were manufactured for the evaluations: electroformed stencils and electropolished laser‐cut stencils. The electroformed stencils were manufactured using the standard electroforming process and their use in the paste printing process was compared against the use of an electropolished laser‐cut stencil. The electropolishing performance of the laser‐cut stencil was evaluated twice at the following intervals: 100 s and 200 s. The performance of the laser‐cut stencil was also evaluated without electropolishing. An optimized process was established after the polished stencil apertures of the laser‐cut stencil were inspected. The performance evaluations were made by visually inspecting the quality of the post‐surface finishing for the aperture wall and the quality of that post‐surface finishing was further checked using a scanning electron microscope. A test board was used in a series of designed experiments to evaluate the solder paste printing process.FindingsThe results demonstrated that the length of the electropolishing time had a significant effect on the small stencil's aperture quality and the solder paste's stencil printing performance. In this study, the most effective electropolishing time was 100 s for a stencil thickness of 0.08 mm. The deposited solder paste thickness was significantly better for the enhanced laser‐cut stencil with electropolishing compared to the conventional electroformed stencils. In this printing‐focused work, print paste thickness measurements were also found to vary across different solder‐mask definition methods of printed circuit board pad designs with no change in the size of the stencil aperture. The highest paste value transfer consistently occurred with solder‐mask‐defined pads, when an electropolished laser‐cut stencil was used.Originality/valueDue to important improvements in the quality of the electropolished laser‐cut stencil, and based on the results of this experiment, the electropolished laser‐cut stencil is strongly recommended for the solder paste printing of fine‐pitch and miniature components, especially in comparison to the typical laser‐cut stencil. The advantages of implementing a 01005 chip component mass production assembly process include excellent solder paste release, increased solder volume, good manufacture‐ability, fast turnaround time, and greater cost saving opportunities.

scholarly journals Factors Affecting the Initial Engagement of Older Adults in the Use of Interactive Technology

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 2847
Author(s):  
Lina Lee ◽  
Mary Lou Maher
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Interactive Technology ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
Interactive Technologies ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Diary Studies ◽  
User Focus ◽  
Depth Interviews

Smart environments and the use of interactive technology has the potential to improve the quality of life for the senior community as well as to support the connections among the senior community and the world outside their community. In addition to the increasing number of studies in the field of aging and technologies, research is needed to understand the practical issues of user focus, adoption, and engagement for older adults to accept interactive technologies in their lives. In this study, we use two commercial technological interventions (uDraw and GrandPad) to understand technology-related perceptions and behaviors of older adults. We present five case studies that emerge from empirical observations of initial engagement with technology through research methods such as focus group discussions, in-depth interviews, observations, and diary studies. The contributions of this study are identification of the key factors that influence the initial engagement with interactive technology for older adults.

Grain Refinement and Hot Tearing of Aluminium Alloys - How to Optimise and Minimise

2009 ◽  
Vol 630 ◽  
pp. 213-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Easton ◽  
David H. StJohn ◽  
Lisa Sweet
Keyword(s):  
Grain Refinement ◽  
Aluminium Alloys ◽  
Hot Tearing ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Grain Refiner ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Equiaxed Grains

Grain refinement and hot tearing are important key factors affecting the quality of castings. There have been substantial advances in the understanding of both of these phenomena over the last two decades. The paper discusses strategies for obtaining the lowest cost grain refiner addition and provides an explanation for how the refinement of equiaxed grains leads to a reduction in hot tear susceptibility. However, it also provides a warning that adding more grain refiner may not be better for reducing hot tear susceptibility. Alloy factors affecting hot tearing are also discussed. Finally, a list of six key considerations is provided to help casthouse and foundry engineers when trying to optimise grain refinement and reduce hot tearing.

ANALYSIS OF KEY TRENDS OF THE INTERNATIONAL COAL MARKET (ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE COUNTRIES OF NORTH-EASTERN ASIA)

2021 ◽  
pp. 96-105
Author(s):  
Andrey V. Cherechukin ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Northeast Asia ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
The World ◽  
Coal Market ◽  
National Economies

The article provides an analysis of key trends in the international market, using the example of the countries of Northeast Asia. In 2019, the world coal market amounted to 1,424.5 million tons, of which 78.1% are energy grades to produce electricity and heat, and 21.9% are in metallurgy, the reserves of which are significantly less. The import coal market of the countries of Northeast Asia in 2019 was already 680 million tons, covering 48% of the entire world coal market. The paper provides an overview of the key importers and exporters of coal in the world, the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of the supplied raw materials, and analyzes the key factors affecting the pricing of coal. In the conclusions, the main trends in the international coal market of the countries of Northeast Asia are presented, including "geographical" — the shift of the center of world trade from Europe to Asia, and "types and quality of imported coal" — an increase in the share of high-quality premium energy and coking (metallurgical). Trends can be clearly seen in the countries of Northeast Asia, which actively use coal, and are making efforts to decarbonize their national economies, while intensifying inter-fuel competition with other primary energy sources.

Effect of the particulate morphology of resin on the gelation process of PVC plastisols

2017 ◽  
Vol 37 (8) ◽  
pp. 757-764 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yubi Ji ◽  
Zhao Yang ◽  
Min Shi ◽  
Hong Tan
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Particle Size Distribution ◽  
Size Distribution ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Gelation Process ◽  
Secondary Particles ◽  
Poly Vinyl Chloride ◽  
Opposite Behavior

Abstract The gelation process of poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) plastisol is very important to ensure the quality of the product and is affected by the type of resins, plasticizers, and other additives. In this study, the gelation process of the as-prepared PVC plastisol was characterized by measuring the evolution of vibrational viscosity with temperature or time using a vibrational viscometer. Furthermore, the effect of some commercial resins with different particulate morphologies on the gelation process was investigated by synchronously combining scanning election microscopy and laser particle size analyses. The results of this study proved that the particle size distribution and the aggregation degree of the secondary particles of a resin are the key factors affecting the gelation process. For the resin with bimodal particle size distribution, the closer the aggregation of the secondary particles, the slower the gel speed; however, an opposite behavior was observed for the resins with unimodal particle size distribution.

scholarly journals ICT & Online Education – Factors affecting Employees’ preference for Online Education

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 994-1000
Keyword(s):  
Online Education ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Knowledge Enhancement ◽  
Education Market ◽  
E Learning ◽  
Teaching Learning

The potential of ICTs in promoting the development and reach of educational avenues in India is unambiguously clear in the light of the challenges facing the country. Role of ICTs with enhanced focus on development of content and the applications to provide enhanced quality of education must be synchronized with the various initiatives for using ICT for education and should be guided by adequate guidelines and framework. Provisioning of ICT is limited by the Infrastructure especially in the rural areas, where Internet and electrification are major issues of concern. It is well known that higher penetration of mobile phone, radio and TV implies increased development and delivery of innovative content via these media. This paper is focussed on the necessity to incorporate ICT as a part of the curriculum and also use it to strengthen the teaching learning process. The paper explores the key factors that drive the growth in the E-Learning sector. The authors undertook a research for identifying the various factors that may affect the choice and preference of employees for opting for online education as a measure for career/knowledge enhancement. The study indicates that online education market in India is currently booming. The growth of the market is dependent on the field of study, the willingness to pay, the credibility of the offering organization and the acceptability of the learning in the Corporate sector.

scholarly journals The development of food preferences: anatomical and genetic determinants, important factors of taste development in children

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-125
Author(s):  
I.N. Zakharova ◽  
◽  
Yu.A. Dmitrieva ◽  
E.B Machneva ◽  
A.N. Tsutsaeva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Child Nutrition ◽  
Food Preferences ◽  
Current Data ◽  
Gustatory System ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Genetic Determinants ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Ancient Times ◽  
Major Factors

Since ancient times, scientists and philosophers were interested in the sense of taste, the mechanisms of its development, anatomical structures responsible for taste, and its importance. Currently, it is clear that food preferences are the main determinant of the development of nutrition and food behavior. Food preferences begin to develop in the early childhood and retain throughout the life. Therefore, inculcating correct nutritional behavior with respect to healthy food is a promising approach to improve the quality of diet being one of the key factors affecting human health. This article addresses current data on morphology, genetics, embryology, and ontogeny of gustatory system as well as major factors affecting the development of food preferences in a child. Most of these factors are modified ones, therefore, the aim of this review is to draw the attention of pediatricians since this is pediatrician who makes evidence-based recommendations on child nutrition and provides adequate feeding strategy.Keywords: genetics, food preferences, taste, taste receptors, children, smell, ontogeny, tongue, baby food, healthy lifestyle.For citation: Zakharova I.N., Dmitrieva Yu.A., Machneva E.B., Tsutsaeva A.N. The development of food preferences: anatomical and genetic determinants, important factors of taste development in children. Russian Journal of Woman and Child Health. 2020;3(2):119–125. DOI: 10.32364/2618-8430-2020-3-2-119-125.

scholarly journals Factors affecting the adoption of Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) and other converged IP services in South Africa

2006 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. K.J. Tobin ◽  
M. Bidoli
Keyword(s):  
New Technologies ◽  
Internet Protocol ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
High Bandwidth ◽  
Adoption And Diffusion ◽  
Business Customers ◽  
Potential Customers ◽  
And Diffusion

The authors embarked on this study to investigate factors likely to impact on the adoption of VoIP and other converged Internet protocol (IP) services in the SA market. The intention of this study was to lay the groundwork for a comprehensive understanding of the forces shaping the market, in order to help industry participants and new entrants position themselves correctly. This is achieved by evaluating technology adoption and diffusion models, in particular Moore’s chasm model, which highlights the reasons why so many new technologies fail to break into the mainstream. Empirical research of business customers and potential customers shows that the two key factors hindering the adoption of these technologies in SA are high bandwidth costs/high costs of services and quality of service issues. The research also shows that the trend towards IP is well established in SA, with many companies having already invested in, or planning to invest in, VoIP and converged IP services.

Colostomy irrigation (part 1): impact on quality of life

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 24-29
Author(s):  
Hayley Jones
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Colostomy Irrigation ◽  
Faecal Continence ◽  
Peristomal Skin ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Impact

Colostomy irrigation (CI) involves instillation of water via the stoma into the colon, where it stimulates peristalsis, causing expulsion of stool and water from the stoma. CI allows colostomates to regain controlled evacuation and faecal continence. A review of the literature suggests that CI is safe and can have a positive impact on key factors affecting quality of life, including flatus, odour and peristomal skin health. CI is also convenient in avoiding the need for frequent disposal of used appliances. All of this has also been shown to improve psychological wellbeing. However, use of CI in the UK remains relatively low. This first article considers the impact of CI on colostomates' quality of life, and the second will explore the barriers to uptake.

The Public Procurement and the Quality of Services: The Case of Moscow Hospitals

2020 ◽  
pp. 118-131
Author(s):  
Margarita  V. Kravtsova
Keyword(s):  
Public Procurement ◽  
Medical Services ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
The Public ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Positive Effect

The work is devoted to the search for answers to the question: “Are there any differences in the public procurement of customers who provide services of different quality?”. The article identifies the stages of the hospital procurement process in the contract system and highlights the main customer strategies used in the auction. The results of an independent quality assessment are examined and comparative hospital characteristics with low and high quality rating are conducted. The hospital needs according to the types of purchases and their annual volumes of contracts are analyzed. The advantages of competitive procedures are determined and the key factors affecting the level of competition with possible risks of unreliable execution of contracts are identified. The empirical study is based on the database which includes 5390 contracts of 2 hospitals in Moscow for years of 2011–2017. Using the methods of econometric analysis, in particular, the method of least squares and the difference in the average, the hypothesis is tested the high competition has a positive effect on the quality of medical services. The constructed regression models show that the customer providing high quality services has low competition and small rebates at the auction. At the same time there are more contract terms, delays in the supply of goods and services as compared with the customer providing low quality services. Thus it was found that the underestimation of competition at the auction indicates the desire of the hospital to guarantee a higher quality of medical services to patients while as aggressive bids of participants lead to the supply of poor purchases. The results of the study may be useful for the competent authorities in the development of legal acts for the participants of the contract system in the field of health procurement.

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