scholarly journals Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals: Some Actions of POPs on Female Reproduction

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ewa L. Gregoraszczuk ◽  
Anna Ptak
Keyword(s):  
Hormone Receptors ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals ◽  
Reproductive Function ◽  
Steroid Hormone Receptors ◽  
Female Reproduction ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbon Receptor ◽  
Activation Of Transcription ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Ovarian Syndrome

Persistent organic pollutants (POPs), such as polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) and dibenzofurans (PCDFs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and polybrominated ethers (PBDEs), chloronaftalens (PCNs), and bisphenol A (BPA), are stable, lipophilic pollutants that affect fertility and cause serious reproductive problems, including ovotoxic action, lack of ovulation, premature ovarian failure (POF), or polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS). Most of the representatives of POPs influence the activation of transcription factors, not only activation of aromatic hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), but also the steroid hormone receptors. This minireview will focus on a variety of PAH activities in oocyte, ovary, placenta, and mammary gland. The complexity and diversity of factors belonging to POPs and disorders of the reproductive function of women indicate that the impact of environmental pollution as an important determinant factor in fertility should not be minimize.

scholarly journals New Modes of Action for Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals

2006 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 475-482 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle M. Tabb ◽  
Bruce Blumberg
Keyword(s):  
Steroid Hormones ◽  
Nuclear Receptors ◽  
Hormone Receptors ◽  
Methylation Status ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals ◽  
Steroid Hormone Receptors ◽  
Protein Kinase Activity ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting ◽  
Xenobiotic Chemicals

Abstract Endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDC) are commonly considered to be compounds that mimic or block the transcriptional activation elicited by naturally circulating steroid hormones by binding to steroid hormone receptors. For example, the Food Quality Protection Act of 1996 defines EDC as those, that “may have an effect in humans that is similar to an effect produced by a naturally occurring estrogen, or other such endocrine effect as the Administrator may designate.” The definition of EDC was later expanded to include those that act on the estrogen, androgen, and thyroid hormone receptors. In this minireview, we discuss new avenues through which xenobiotic chemicals influence these and other hormone-dependent signaling pathways. EDC can increase or block the metabolism of naturally occurring steroid hormones and other xenobiotic chemicals by activating or antagonizing nuclear hormone receptors. EDC affect the transcriptional activity of nuclear receptors by modulating proteasome-mediated degradation of nuclear receptors and their coregulators. Xenobiotics and environmental contaminants can act as hormone sensitizers by inhibiting histone deacetylase activity and stimulating mitogen-activated protein kinase activity. Some endocrine disrupters can have genome-wide effects on DNA methylation status. Others can modulate lipid metabolism and adipogenesis, perhaps contributing to the current epidemic of obesity. Additional elucidation of these new modes of endocrine disruption will be key in understanding the nature of xenobiotic effects on the endocrine system.

scholarly journals G-Protein Coupled Hormone Receptors of the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Gonadal Axis are Targets of Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valentine Suteau ◽  
Patrice Rodien ◽  
Mathilde Munier
Keyword(s):  
G Protein ◽  
Hormone Receptors ◽  
Follicle Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals ◽  
Reproductive Function ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone ◽  
Membrane Receptors ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting ◽  
G Protein Coupled

Endocrine-disrupting chemicals have received significant concern, since they ubiquitously persist in the environment and are able to induce adverse effects on health, and more particularly on reproductive function. Most of the studies focused on nuclear hormone receptors as mediators of sex steroid hormones signaling. However, there are increasing evidences that peptides hormones of the Hypothalamo-Pituitary-Gonadal axis are targets of endocrine-disrupting chemicals (as Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone, Follicle-Stimulating Hormone, Luteinizing Hormone…). The majority of these hormones act on G protein-coupled membrane receptors. This review summarizes the effects of endocrine-disrupting chemicals on homeostasis of peptides hormone of Hypothalamo-Pituitary-Gonadal axis and on their G protein-coupled membrane receptors signaling revealed by experimental, clinical, and epidemiological studies in human.

scholarly journals Effects of endocrine disruptors in the development of the female reproductive tract

2014 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elaine Maria Frade Costa ◽  
Poli Mara Spritzer ◽  
Alexandre Hohl ◽  
Tânia A. S. S. Bachega
Keyword(s):  
Endocrine Disruptors ◽  
Hormone Receptors ◽  
Reproductive Tract ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Female Reproductive Tract ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting ◽  
Environmental Agencies

Environmental agencies have identified a growing number of environmental contaminants that have endocrine disrupting activity, and these can become a major public health problem. It is suggested that endocrine disruptors could account for the higher-than-expected increase in the prevalence of some non-communicable diseases, such as obesity, diabetes, thyroid diseases, and some cancers. Several endocrine Disrupting Chemicals (EDCs), such as pesticides, bisphenol A, phthalates, dioxins, and phytoestrogens, can interact with the female reproductive system and lead to endocrine disruption. Initially, it was assumed that EDCs exert their effects by binding to hormone receptors and transcription factors, but it is currently known that they may also alter the expression of enzymes involved in the synthesis or catabolism of steroids. Biomonitoring studies have identified these compounds in adults, children, pregnant women, and fetuses. Among the diseases of the female reproductive tract associated with EDCs exposure are the following: precocious puberty, polycystic ovary syndrome, and premature ovarian failure. The different populations of the world are exposed to a great number of chemicals through different routes of infection; despite the various available studies, there is still much doubt regarding the additive effect of a mixture of EDCs with similar mechanisms of action.

Meeting Highlights: Updated International Expert Consensus on the Primary Therapy of Early Breast Cancer

2003 ◽  
Vol 21 (17) ◽  
pp. 3357-3365 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aron Goldhirsch ◽  
William C. Wood ◽  
Richard D. Gelber ◽  
Alan S. Coates ◽  
Beat Thürlimann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Hormone Receptors ◽  
Ductal Carcinoma ◽  
Steroid Hormone ◽  
Endocrine Resistance ◽  
Steroid Hormone Receptors ◽  
Average Risk ◽  
Primary Therapy ◽  
High Quality ◽  
The Impact

This account of the highlights of the eighth St Gallen (Switzerland) meeting in 2003 emphasizes new information that has emerged during the 2 years since the seventh meeting in 2001. This article should be read in conjunction with the report of that earlier meeting. Recommendations for patient care are so critically dependent on assessment of endocrine responsiveness that the importance of high-quality steroid hormone receptor determination and standardized quantitative reporting cannot be overemphasized. The International Consensus Panel modified the risk categories so that only endocrine receptor–absent status was sufficient to reclassify an otherwise low-risk, node-negative disease into the category of average risk. Absence of steroid hormone receptors also was recognized as indicating endocrine nonresponsiveness. Some important areas highlighted at the recent meeting include: (1) recognition of the separate nature of endocrine-nonresponsive breast cancer—both invasive cancers and ductal carcinoma-in-situ; (2) improved understanding of the mechanisms of acquired endocrine resistance, which offer exciting prospects for extending the impact of successful sequential endocrine therapies; (3) presentation of high-quality evidence indicating that chemotherapy and tamoxifen should be used sequentially rather than concurrently; (4) availability of a potential alternative to tamoxifen for treatment of postmenopausal women with endocrine-responsive disease; and (5) the promise of newly defined prognostic and predictive markers.

scholarly journals Endocrine-disrupting chemicals in ovarian function: effects on steroidogenesis, metabolism and nuclear receptor signaling

Reproduction ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 142 (5) ◽  
pp. 633-646 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zelieann R Craig ◽  
Wei Wang ◽  
Jodi A Flaws
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Function ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals ◽  
Reproductive Function ◽  
Reproductive Organ ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
Endogenous Hormones ◽  
Hormone Signaling ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Exogenous Agents

Endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are exogenous agents with the ability to interfere with processes regulated by endogenous hormones. One such process is female reproductive function. The major reproductive organ in the female is the ovary. Disruptions in ovarian processes by EDCs can lead to adverse outcomes such as anovulation, infertility, estrogen deficiency, and premature ovarian failure among others. This review summarizes the effects of EDCs on ovarian function by describing how they interfere with hormone signaling via two mechanisms: altering the availability of ovarian hormones, and altering binding and activity of the hormone at the receptor level. Among the chemicals covered are pesticides (e.g. dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane and methoxychlor), plasticizers (e.g. bisphenol A and phthalates), dioxins, polychlorinated biphenyls, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (e.g. benzo[a]pyrene).

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