scholarly journals Improving the Body Area Line-of-Sight Density Model: A Theoretical Study

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaodong Yang ◽  
Zhiya Zhang ◽  
Shuyuan Yang ◽  
Qammer Hussain Abbasi ◽  
Wei Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Model ◽  
Theoretical Study ◽  
The Body ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Radio Propagation ◽  
Density Model ◽  
Line Of Sight ◽  
Body Area

The statistical model plays an important role in BAN radio propagation characterization. However, a traditional least-square statistical model is not necessarily the best choice when only limited samples can be collected. This paper proposes the method for improving the density model in BAN radio propagation characterization; the final PDF result validates the correctness of the method.

scholarly journals An Indoor Visible Light Positioning System Using Tilted LEDs with High Accuracy

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 920
Author(s):  
Neha Chaudhary ◽  
Othman Isam Younus ◽  
Luis Nero Alves ◽  
Zabih Ghassemlooy ◽  
Stanislav Zvanovec ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visible Light ◽  
Polynomial Regression ◽  
Power Level ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Line Of Sight ◽  
Received Power ◽  
Strength Based ◽  
Complex Linear ◽  
Linear Least Square ◽  
First Time

The accuracy of the received signal strength-based visible light positioning (VLP) system in indoor applications is constrained by the tilt angles of transmitters (Txs) and receivers as well as multipath reflections. In this paper, for the first time, we show that tilting the Tx can be beneficial in VLP systems considering both line of sight (LoS) and non-line of sight transmission paths. With the Txs oriented towards the center of the receiving plane (i.e., the pointing center F), the received power level is maximized due to the LoS components on F. We also show that the proposed scheme offers a significant accuracy improvement of up to ~66% compared with a typical non-tilted Tx VLP at a dedicated location within a room using a low complex linear least square algorithm with polynomial regression. The effect of tilting the Tx on the lighting uniformity is also investigated and results proved that the uniformity achieved complies with the European Standard EN 12464-1. Furthermore, we show that the accuracy of VLP can be further enhanced with a minimum positioning error of 8 mm by changing the height of F.

scholarly journals COVID-19: Reflections on the Crisis, Transformation, and Interactive Processes Under Development

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriella Garcia Moura ◽  
Célia Regina Rangel Nascimento ◽  
Juliene Madureira Ferreira
Keyword(s):  
Human Development ◽  
Theoretical Study ◽  
The Body ◽  
Digital Tools ◽  
Historical Event ◽  
Trans Form ◽  
Life Trajectories ◽  
Bioecological Theory ◽  
Development Processes ◽  
Modes Of Engagement

AbstractWith a global extent, the pandemic of the new coronavirus and the resulting measures to contain the contagion imposed immediate changes in the routine of people and societies. In view of this historical event, the first part of this theoretical study discussed its relationship with the concept of crisis, while circumscribing human development processes, mobilizing reorganizations in life trajectories. In the second part, the intensification of the use of digital tools to support communication during social isolation was highlighted, particularly reflecting on new interactive arrangements and inter-corporeal experiences. The paper reflects on the proximal processes in the new interactive and contextual configurations through the bioecological theory of human development and, based on concepts of the enactive theory, discusses possible implications of the new perceptual fields and the production of meanings with the repositioning of the body and new modes of engagement. The study highlights that the changes, events, relationships, and effects that we are experiencing (trans)form our forms of sociability and bases of psyche.

scholarly journals Inter-body coupling in electro-quasistatic human body communication: theory and analysis of security and interference properties

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mayukh Nath ◽  
Shovan Maity ◽  
Shitij Avlani ◽  
Scott Weigand ◽  
Shreyas Sen
Keyword(s):  
Channel Capacity ◽  
Body Surface ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Communication Theory ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Area ◽  
Theoretical Understanding ◽  
Communication Modality ◽  
Conductive Properties ◽  
Human Body Communication

AbstractRadiative communication using electromagnetic fields is the backbone of today’s wirelessly connected world, which implies that the physical signals are available for malicious interceptors to snoop within a 5–10 m distance, also increasing interference and reducing channel capacity. Recently, Electro-quasistatic Human Body Communication (EQS-HBC) was demonstrated which utilizes the human body’s conductive properties to communicate without radiating the signals outside the body. Previous experiments showed that an attack with an antenna was unsuccessful at a distance more than 1 cm from the body surface and 15 cm from an EQS-HBC device. However, since this is a new communication modality, it calls for an investigation of new attack modalities—that can potentially exploit the physics utilized in EQS-HBC to break the system. In this study, we present a novel attack method for EQS-HBC devices, using the body of the attacker itself as a coupling surface and capacitive inter-body coupling between the user and the attacker. We develop theoretical understanding backed by experimental results for inter-body coupling, as a function of distance between the subjects. We utilize this newly developed understanding to design EQS-HBC transmitters that minimizes the attack distance through inter-body coupling, as well as the interference among multiple EQS-HBC users due to inter-body coupling. This understanding will allow us to develop more secure and robust EQS-HBC based body area networks in the future.

scholarly journals A Review of Energy Efficiency in Wireless Body Area/Sensor Networks, With Emphasis on MAC Protocol

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Ogheneochuko Ubrurhe ◽  
Nigel Houlden ◽  
Peter S. Excell
Keyword(s):  
Mac Protocol ◽  
Care Delivery ◽  
Wireless Body Area Network ◽  
Data Communication ◽  
The Body ◽  
Area Network ◽  
Body Area ◽  
Close Proximity ◽  
Body Area Sensor Networks ◽  
Wireless Medium

The increasing use of wireless communication and the continuous miniaturisation of electronics devices have brought about the concept of Wireless Body Area Network (WBANs). In these types of networks, the sensor node operates in close proximity to the body and also the wireless nature of the system presents various novel, real-time and new methods to improve health care delivery. The sensor is capable of measuring any parameter which it has been designed to read, for example the heartrate and the body temperature. This paper presents a review of the concept of WBANs with a focus on the mechanism of data communication over the wireless medium. Further, it examines ways to power such devices, in particular focusing on minimisation of energy requirements, thereby reducing maintenance demands and contributing to making the environment ‘greener’.

scholarly journals Emotion Modulation of the Body-Selective Areas in the Developing Brain

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paddy Ross ◽  
Beatrice de Gelder ◽  
Frances Crabbe ◽  
Marie-Hélène Grosbras
Keyword(s):  
Conflict Of Interest ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence ◽  
Body Perception ◽  
Body Area ◽  
Potential Conflict ◽  
First Time ◽  
Posterior Superior Temporal Sulcus

AbstractEmotions are strongly conveyed by the human body and the ability to recognize emotions from body posture or movement is still developing through childhood and adolescence. To date, there are very few studies exploring how these behavioural observations are paralleled by functional brain development. Furthermore, there are currently no studies exploring the development of emotion modulation in these areas. In the current study, we used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to compare the brain activity of 25 children (age 6-11), 18 adolescents (age 12-17) and 26 adults while they passively viewed short videos of angry, happy or neutral body movements. We observed that when viewing bodies generally, adults showed higher activity than children bilaterally in the body-selective areas; namely the extra-striate body area (EBA), fusiform body area (FBA), posterior superior temporal sulcus (pSTS) and amygdala (AMY). Adults also showed higher activity than adolescents, but only in right hemisphere body-selective areas. Crucially, however, we found that there were no age differences in the emotion modulation of activity in these areas. These results indicate, for the first time, that despite activity selective to body perception increasing across childhood and adolescence, emotion modulation of these areas in adult-like from 7 years of age.Conflict of InterestThe author declares that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

scholarly journals The Analysis with Finite Elements of the Elasto-plastic Behaviour of the Spinal Immobilizers - in the Case of Comminutive Fractures

2019 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 253-264
Author(s):  
Bogdan Florin Toma ◽  
Constantin Nanu ◽  
Cezar Popescu ◽  
Razvan Vladimir Socolov ◽  
Vasile-Eduard Rosu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Study ◽  
Initial Position ◽  
The Body ◽  
Elastic Behaviour ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Clinical Observations ◽  
Clinical Investigations ◽  
Extension Force ◽  
Bone Fragments ◽  
Tension State

In this paper it is presented a comparative theoretical study - performed by finite element analysis (FEA), of the tension state that appears at the level of the spine, as well as in the areas adjacent to it, under the following conditions: a) the existence of a comminutive fracture at the level of the vertebra T11; b) of the external immobilization of the body through a Lombax orthesis (LO) or of the internal immobilization of the column by means of a spinal fixator (SF); c) of performing some basic flexion or extension movements. In this study, both flexural force and extension force varied on three levels. The results of the comparative theoretical study were supplemented with the clinical observations obtained from a number of 52 patients who had suffered comminutive fractures in the T11 vertebra and who were treated - by external immobilization, in the Lombax orthesis or were surgically treated - by applying a trapped spinal fixator on the T10-T12 vertebrae. The study had demonstrated that, by immobilizing the body in the Lombax orthesis, following the application of the flexion or extension movement, the mobility of the body is low, the bone fragments move less distances by about 12% against to their displacement under the condition of immobilizing the column by a spinal fixator. Although, in the latter case, the displacements of the bone fragments are greater, the elastic behaviour of the spinal fixator determines the returning of the fragments and of the spine to the initial position as well as the distance between the vertebrae. Clinical investigations on patients treated by external immobilization of the body in the Lombax orthesis show that the values of the local kyphosis angle (LKA) are about 30% lower than the values of the same parameter obtained under the surgical treatment.

The pathway toward pollution mitigation in EU28 region: does bioenergy growth make a difference?

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohd Alsaleh ◽  
A.S. Abdul-Rahim
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Panel Data Analysis ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Trade Openness ◽  
The Body ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Improved Model

PurposeThis research explores the effect of bioenergy use on carbon dioxide releases in 28 European Union (EU-28) affiliated members starting from 1990 to 2018.Design/methodology/approachApplying panels' fixed effect (FE) estimator and random effect (RE) estimator, the regressed findings are highly validated as they were robust by panel least square dummy variable corrected (LSDVC) and pooled ordinary least square (Pooled OLS) estimators.FindingsThe findings claimed that carbon dioxide releases decrease with an incline in bioenergy use and trade openness. On the other hand, fossil-fuel and economic growth indicators mounting carbon dioxide releases. The result implies that carbon dioxide releases in EU-28 region members can be mitigated significantly by mounting the quantity bioenergy use in generation channel. This will mostly participate in combating environmental pollution.Practical implicationsThe study suggests for EU28 region members to enhance the portion of bioenergy in their fuel access to decrease emitted carbon dioxide. Governors in EU28 members should mainly encourage bioenergy expansion to raise its security and availability. The politicians of the EU28 members must assert on efficacy and productivity of bioenergy production to achieve energy accessibility and decrease dependency on conventional energy.Originality/valueThis research applies the recently improved model, the panel data analysis approach, which considered for the first-class impacts of estimators on the dependent variable and deals with the several problems of the common Pooled OLS estimator's manner and performance. Finally, this research contributes to the previous studies on ecological sustainability by examining the presence correlation among carbon dioxide emissions, bioenergy sustainability, trade openness, fossil fuel and gross domestic product in the EU28 region. Hence, it proves our research novelty, originality and contribution to the body of knowledge.

MEMORABLE TOURISM EXPERIENCES INSPIRED BY THE BEAUTY OF NATURE

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 315-337
Author(s):  
Dina Lončarić ◽  
Marina Perišić Prodan ◽  
Jasmina Dlačić
Keyword(s):  
Significant Influence ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Partial Least Square ◽  
The Body ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Behavioural Intentions ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Key Dimensions ◽  
Pencil And Paper ◽  
The Impact

Purpose – Today's tourists are increasingly looking for an active, healthy and meaningful way to spend their time at a destination. The purpose of this study, therefore, is to determine the key dimensions of memorable tourism experiences (MTEs) that influence tourists' satisfaction with the vacation experience motivated by the beauty of nature and landscape, as well as the impact of satisfaction with vacation experience on behavioural intentions. Design – Using a structured questionnaire on pencil and paper, data were collected from a sample of 334 travellers who were citizens of the Republic of Croatia and whose primary motive for travel was to visit a natural attraction. Methodology/approach – The questionnaire adopted previously validated scales and was used to explore MTEs, satisfaction with the vacation experience and behavioural intentions. The hypotheses were empirically tested using partial least square structural equation modelling. Findings – The results show that not all MTE dimensions influence satisfaction with the vacation experience among tourists whose primary travel motive was the beauty of nature and landscape. Hedonism, refreshment, and involvement as MTE dimensions had a statistically significant influence on satisfaction with the vacation experience. In addition, satisfaction with the vacation experience had a statistically significant influence on several behavioural intentions, with the strongest influence on intention to recommend. Originality of the research – Tourists in nature-based destinations were found to exhibit specific behaviours, as not all MTE dimensions contribute equally to satisfaction with the vacation experience. This study extends the body of knowledge on tourism experience theory by empirically testing its premises on tourists motivated by the beauty of nature and landscape.

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