scholarly journals Erratum to “Role of Mn2+and Compatible Solutes in the Radiation Resistance of Thermophilic Bacteria and Archaea”

Archaea ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-1
Author(s):  
Kimberly M. Webb ◽  
Jocelyne DiRuggiero
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Resistance ◽  
Thermophilic Bacteria ◽  
Compatible Solutes

scholarly journals Role of Mn2+and Compatible Solutes in the Radiation Resistance of Thermophilic Bacteria and Archaea

Archaea ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kimberly M. Webb ◽  
Jocelyne DiRuggiero
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Resistance ◽  
Thermophilic Bacteria ◽  
Inositol Phosphate ◽  
Compatible Solutes ◽  
Halobacterium Salinarum ◽  
Hyperthermophilic Archaea ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Ros Scavenging

Radiation-resistant bacteria have garnered a great deal of attention from scientists seeking to expose the mechanisms underlying their incredible survival abilities. Recent analyses showed that the resistance to ionizing radiation (IR) in the archaeonHalobacterium salinarumis dependent upon Mn-antioxidant complexes responsible for the scavenging of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated by radiation. Here we examined the role of the compatible solutes trehalose, mannosylglycerate, anddi-myo-inositolphosphate in the radiation resistance of aerobic and anaerobic thermophiles. We found that the IR resistance of the thermophilic bacteriaRubrobacter xylanophilusandRubrobacter radiotoleranswas highly correlated to the accumulation of high intracellular concentration of trehalose in association with Mn, supporting the model of Mn2+-dependent ROS scavenging in the aerobes. In contrast, the hyperthermophilic archaeaThermococcus gammatoleransandPyrococcus furiosusdid not contain significant amounts of intracellular Mn, and we found no significant antioxidant activity from mannosylglycerate and di-myo-inositol phosphatein vitro. We therefore propose that the low levels of IR-generated ROS under anaerobic conditions combined with highly constitutively expressed detoxification systems in these anaerobes are key to their radiation resistance and circumvent the need for the accumulation of Mn-antioxidant complexes in the cell.

Evolution of the diverse biological roles of inositols

2007 ◽  
Vol 74 ◽  
pp. 223-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert H. Michell
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Trafficking ◽  
Cell Signalling ◽  
Compatible Solutes ◽  
Mirror Image ◽  
Membrane Phospholipids ◽  
Functional Diversification ◽  
Redox Reagent ◽  
Ca2 Channels ◽  
Mycobacterium Spp

Several of the nine hexahydroxycylohexanes (inositols) have functions in Biology, with myo-inositol (Ins) in most of the starring roles; and Ins polyphosphates are amongst the most abundant organic phosphate constituents on Earth. Many Archaea make Ins and use it as a component of diphytanyl membrane phospholipids and the thermoprotective solute di-L-Ins-1,1′-phosphate. Few bacteria make Ins or use it, other than as a carbon source. Those that do include hyperthermophilic Thermotogales (which also employ di-l-Ins-1,1′-phosphate) and actinomycetes such as Mycobacterium spp. (which use mycothiol, an inositol-containing thiol, as an intracellular redox reagent and have characteristic phosphatidylinositol-linked surface oligosaccharides). Bacteria acquired their Ins3P synthases by lateral gene transfer from Archaea. Many eukaryotes, including stressed plants, insects, deep-sea animals and kidney tubule cells, adapt to environmental variation by making or accumulating diverse inositol derivatives as ‘compatible’ solutes. Eukaryotes use phosphatidylinositol derivatives for numerous roles in cell signalling and regulation and in protein anchoring at the cell surface. Remarkably, the diradylglycerol cores of archaeal and eukaryote/bacterial glycerophospholipids have mirror image configurations: sn-2,3 and sn-1,2 respectively. Multicellular animals and amoebozoans exhibit the greatest variety of functions for PtdIns derivatives, including the use of PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 as a signal. Evolutionarily, it seems likely that (i) early archaeons first made myo-inositol approx. 3500 Ma (million years) ago; (ii) archeons brought inositol derivatives into early eukaryotes (approx. 2000 Ma?); (iii) soon thereafter, eukaryotes established ubiquitous functions for phosphoinositides in membrane trafficking and Ins polyphosphate synthesis; and (iv) since approx. 1000 Ma, further waves of functional diversification in amoebozoans and metazoans have introduced Ins(1,4,5)P3 receptor Ca2+ channels and the messenger role of PtdIns(3,4,5)P3.

MD Simulations and first principles to evaluate the role of binary Fe–V alloys layer on the radiation resistance in the alpha-iron

2018 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 178-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meng Zhang ◽  
Xinkai Ding ◽  
Weixiang Peng ◽  
Hongliang Zhang ◽  
Bingjie Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
First Principles ◽  
Radiation Resistance ◽  
Md Simulations ◽  
Alpha Iron

Major Compatible Solutes and Structural Adaptation of Proteins in Extremophiles

2022 ◽  
pp. 161-186
Author(s):  
Hardik Shah ◽  
Khushbu Panchal ◽  
Amisha Panchal
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Osmotic Stress ◽  
Amino Acid Composition ◽  
Scientific Community ◽  
Compatible Solutes ◽  
Organic Solutes ◽  
Structural Adaptation ◽  
Extreme Habitats

Extremophiles are the most ancient microbes on the Earth and also a center of attraction for the scientific community for research because of their ability to adapt to extreme habitats. Compatible solutes are among those factors which enable these microorganisms to thrive in such extreme habitats. Under osmotic stress, the majority of extremophiles accumulate specific organic solutes such as amino acids, sugars, polyols, and their derivatives. In addition, proteins in extremophiles are found to be evolved by changing their amino acid composition to alter the hydrophobicity of its core and surface charge to maintain activity. This chapter encompasses a comprehensive study about the role of various compatible solutes in the endurance of microorganisms under extremophilic conditions, synthesis of compatible solutes, nature of extremophilic proteins, and their applications. Furthermore, an attempt has been made to cover various strategies adopted by the scientific community while pursuing research on compatible solutes.

scholarly journals Role of σB in Regulating the Compatible Solute Uptake Systems of Listeria monocytogenes: Osmotic Induction of opuC Is σB Dependent

2003 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
pp. 2015-2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katy R. Fraser ◽  
David Sue ◽  
Martin Wiedmann ◽  
Kathryn Boor ◽  
Conor P. O'Byrne
Keyword(s):  
Listeria Monocytogenes ◽  
Solute Transport ◽  
Compatible Solutes ◽  
Strain Analysis ◽  
Compatible Solute ◽  
Transport Systems ◽  
Carnitine Transporter ◽  
Solute Uptake ◽  
Carnitine Transport

ABSTRACT The regulation of the compatible solute transport systems in Listeria monocytogenes by the stress-inducible sigma factor σB was investigated. Using wild-type strain 10403S and an otherwise isogenic strain carrying an in-frame deletion in sigB, we have examined the role of σB in regulating the ability of cells to utilize betaine and carnitine during growth under conditions of hyperosmotic stress. Cells lacking σB were defective for the utilization of carnitine but retained the ability to utilize betaine as an osmoprotectant. When compatible solute transport studies were performed, the initial rates of uptake of both betaine and carnitine were found to be reduced in the sigB mutant; carnitine transport was almost abolished, whereas betaine transport was reduced to approximately 50% of that of the parent strain. Analysis of the cytoplasmic pools of compatible solutes during balanced growth revealed that both carnitine and betaine steady-state pools were reduced in the sigB mutant. Transcriptional reporter fusions to the opuC (which encodes an ABC carnitine transporter) and betL (which encodes an a secondary betaine transporter) operons were generated by using a promoterless copy of the gus gene from Escherichia coli. Measurement of β-glucuronidase activities directed by opuC-gus and betL-gus revealed that transcription of opuC is largely σB dependent, consistent with the existence of a potential σB consensus promoter motif upstream from opuCA. The transcription of betL was found to be sigB independent. Reverse transcriptase PCR experiments confirmed these data and indicated that the transcription of all three known compatible solute uptake systems (opuC, betL, and gbu), as well as a gene that is predicted to encode a compatible solute transporter subunit (lmo1421) is induced in response to elevated osmolarity. The osmotic induction of opuCA and lmo1421 was found to be strongly σB dependent. Together these observations suggest that σB plays a major role in the regulation of carnitine utilization by L. monocytogenes but is not essential for betaine utilization by this pathogen.

scholarly journals The Role of Inflammatory Pathways in Cancer-Associated Cachexia and Radiation Resistance

2013 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 967-972 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aaron Laine ◽  
Puneeth Iyengar ◽  
Tej K. Pandita
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Resistance ◽  
Inflammatory Pathways

Role of Antioxidant Enzymes on Ionizing Radiation Resistance

1998 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 586-593 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Sun ◽  
Yuan Chen ◽  
Mingtao Li ◽  
Zhongliang Ge
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Ionizing Radiation ◽  
Radiation Resistance ◽  
Ionizing Radiation Resistance

Role of Inhibitor of Apoptosis Protein Livin in Radiation Resistance in Nonsmall Cell Lung Cancer

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 585-592 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian-Guo Sun ◽  
Rong-Xia Liao ◽  
Shao-Xiang Zhang ◽  
Yu-Zhong Duan ◽  
Wen-Lei Zhuo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Cell Lung Cancer ◽  
Radiation Resistance ◽  
Nonsmall Cell Lung Cancer ◽  
Inhibitor Of Apoptosis ◽  
Inhibitor Of Apoptosis Protein ◽  
Apoptosis Protein
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