scholarly journals Study of MicroRNAs Related to the Liver Regeneration of the Whitespotted Bamboo Shark,Chiloscyllium plagiosum

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Conger Lu ◽  
Jie Zhang ◽  
Zuoming Nie ◽  
Jian Chen ◽  
Wenping Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Regeneration ◽  
Marine Biology ◽  
Cellular Proliferation ◽  
Target Prediction ◽  
Regenerating Liver ◽  
Chiloscyllium Plagiosum ◽  
Proliferation And Apoptosis ◽  
Mirna Sequencing ◽  
Bamboo Shark ◽  
Liver Tissues

To understand the mechanisms of liver regeneration better to promote research examining liver diseases and marine biology, normal and regenerative liver tissues ofChiloscyllium plagiosumwere harvested 0 h and 24 h after partial hepatectomy (PH) and used to isolate small RNAs for miRNA sequencing. In total, 91 known miRNAs and 166 putative candidate (PC) miRNAs were identified for the first time inChiloscyllium plagiosum. Through target prediction and GO analysis, 46 of 91 known miRNAs were screened specially for cellular proliferation and growth. Differential expression levels of three miRNAs (xtr-miR-125b, fru-miR-204, and hsa-miR-142-3p_R-1) related to cellular proliferation and apoptosis were measured in normal and regenerating liver tissues at 0 h, 6 h, 12 h, and 24 h using real-time PCR. The expression of these miRNAs showed a rising trend in regenerative liver tissues at 6 h and 12 h but exhibited a downward trend compared to normal levels at 24 h. Differentially expressed genes were screened in normal and regenerating liver tissues at 24 h by DDRT-PCR, and ten sequences were identified. This study provided information regarding the function of genes related to liver regeneration, deepened the understanding of mechanisms of liver regeneration, and resulted in the addition of a significant number of novel miRNAs sequences to GenBank.

DEOXYCYTIDYLATE DEAMINASE LEVELS IN REGENERATING RAT LIVER

1961 ◽  
Vol 39 (6) ◽  
pp. 1043-1054 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. K. Myers ◽  
C. Anne Hemphill ◽  
Constance M. Townsend
Keyword(s):  
Dna Synthesis ◽  
Liver Regeneration ◽  
Partial Hepatectomy ◽  
Rat Liver ◽  
Deoxyribonucleic Acid ◽  
Regenerating Liver ◽  
Regenerating Rat Liver ◽  
High Level ◽  
Early Regeneration

Deoxycytidylate deaminase activity and net synthesis of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) in vivo were found to increase at approximately the same time during the early stages of liver regeneration. However, deaminase activity in the regenerating liver remained at a high level for 1 day after DNA synthesis had slowed down again during the later stages of regeneration. The increase in deaminase activity was restricted as a result of exposure to 600 r X radiation during early regeneration, but this effect only became evident 11–16 hours after the irradiation. Irradiation on the second day after partial hepatectomy, when deaminase levels in control regenerating livers were relatively constant, failed to affect the deaminase activity immediately but did produce a 40–50% decrease in activity 11–16 hours later. Other antimitotic agents, e.g., colchicine, had little effect on deaminase activity.

scholarly journals Sequential testicular atrophy involves changes in cellular proliferation and apoptosis associated with variations in aromatase P450 expression levels in Irs-2-deficient mice

2018 ◽  
Vol 234 (2) ◽  
pp. 227-243
Author(s):  
Leonardo Catalano-Iniesta ◽  
Virginia Sánchez-Robledo ◽  
Maria Carmen Iglesias-Osma ◽  
Maria José García-Barrado ◽  
Marta Carretero-Hernández ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cellular Proliferation ◽  
Testicular Atrophy ◽  
Expression Levels ◽  
Proliferation And Apoptosis ◽  
P450 Expression ◽  
Deficient Mice

Effect of thyroparathyroidectomy on the activities of thymidylate synthetase and thymidine kinase during liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy

1987 ◽  
Vol 72 (4) ◽  
pp. 455-461 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rieko Nakata ◽  
Ikuyo Tsukamoto ◽  
Masamitsu Miyoshi ◽  
Shosuke Kojo
Keyword(s):  
Dna Synthesis ◽  
Liver Regeneration ◽  
Time Dependence ◽  
Thymidine Kinase ◽  
Partial Hepatectomy ◽  
Dna Content ◽  
Thymidylate Synthetase ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Regenerating Liver ◽  
Relative Contribution

1. Thyroparathyroidectomy (TPTX) carried out at 72 h before partial hepatectomy (PH) reduced the induction of hepatic thymidylate synthetase (TS) and thymidine kinase (TK), which are rate-determining enzymes in DNA synthesis, at 24 h after PH. 2. When TPTX was carried out at 24 h before PH, TK activity at 24 h after PH was not reduced at all, yet TS activity was reduced significantly. Thus the effect of TPTX differed in time dependence between TS and TK. 3. The depression of TK activity in rats which were subjected to TPTX at 72 h before PH, was recovered by Ca2+ supplementation. This result demonstrated that the rise of TK activity in regenerating liver is regulated by plasma Ca2+. 4. Since a high dose of tri-iodothyronine (T3) was required to cause elevation of the activities of these enzymes and DNA content in 24 h-regenerating liver of TPTX rats, the relative contribution of T3 to liver regeneration may be small.

scholarly journals Studying the Role and Molecular Mechanisms of MAP4K3 in Sorafenib Resistance of Hepatocellular Carcinoma

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Yi Shi ◽  
Xiaofei Mo ◽  
Simei Hong ◽  
Tianbao Li ◽  
Baozhen Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Flow Cytometry ◽  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Cellular Proliferation ◽  
Resistant Cell ◽  
Therapeutic Drug ◽  
Specific Gene ◽  
Sorafenib Treatment ◽  
Proliferation And Apoptosis

Sorafenib is the first FDA-approved therapeutic drug for molecular target medication on advanced-stage hepatocellular carcinoma. It is reported that sorafenib could improve the survival of progression-free patients for 4 to 6 months; however, most of the patients developed drug resistance. Thus, it is critical to reveal the biological mechanisms behind sorafenib resistance. In this study, a sorafenib-resistant model was developed by exposing HepG2 cells to sorafenib with gradient increasing concentration, and the resistance-related genes were screened by microarray. Real-time qPCR was used to validate selected gene expression of the resistance model, and lentivirus vector-mediated RNA interference was applied for specific gene knockdown. In addition, high-throughput High Celigo Select (HCS) and flow cytometry were used to measure the effect on cellular proliferation and apoptosis. As a result, our study established a sorafenib-resistant model with IC50 of 9.988 μM. The Affymetrix expression profile of the sorafenib-resistant model showed 35 resistant-related genes, and 91.4% of the resistant genes showed upregulation in HepG2 resistance cells. In addition, 20 genes were knocked down to measure cell proliferation, and MAP4K3 with high proliferation inhibiting phenotype was chosen for further study. Meanwhile, the HCS results revealed that shMAP4K3 transfection could downregulate resistant cell proliferation, and the flow cytometry results showed that cell apoptosis was significantly increased in the MAP4K3 knockdown group. In summary, MAP4K3 is a novel molecular marker for improving the drug sensitivity of sorafenib treatment in hepatocellular carcinoma.

scholarly journals Effects of Watermelon Consumption on Cellular Proliferation, and Apoptosis in Rat Colon (P05-019-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Meseret Fesseha ◽  
Mee Young Hong
Keyword(s):  
Colon Cancer ◽  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Cellular Proliferation ◽  
Dietary Intervention ◽  
Citrullus Lanatus ◽  
Proliferation Index ◽  
Cancer Center ◽  
Rat Colon ◽  
Proliferative Zone ◽  
Proliferation And Apoptosis

Abstract Objectives Colon Cancer is the second deadliest cancerous disease worldwide among men and women. It has been estimated that more than half of colon cancers may be preventable by dietary intervention. A disturbance of the homeostasis between cellular proliferation and apoptosis is associated with colon cancer development. Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) is rich in L-citrulline, a precursor of L-arginine. It has been shown that L-arginine may have anti-inflammatory roles and serves as a substrate for synthesis of nitric oxide, which in turn exerts wide-ranging physiological effects including tumoricidal effects via modification of cell kinetics. Our research examined if colon cancer can be prevented with the supplementation of watermelon powder by lowering cellular proliferation but enhancing apoptosis. Methods In order to test the hypothesis, 21-days old 32 Sprague Dawley rats were allocated to three groups; control, L- arginine (0.36% L-arginine) and watermelon powder (0.5%, w/w). Carcinogen azoxymethane was injected at week 4 and 5, and colon tissues were harvested at 5 week after the 2nd carcinogen injection. Cell proliferation and apoptosis were enumerated using a quantitative immunohistochemical analysis of Ki-67 antibody and TUNEL assay, respectively. Results Cell proliferation was mainly located bottom of colonic crypt (P < 0.05). Apoptotic cells were mostly located in the upper part of crypt (P < 0.05). L-arginine and watermelon fed rats lowered cell proliferation index and proliferative zone (P < 0.05). However, no difference was found on apoptosis among the three groups. Conclusions These results suggest that watermelon powder supplementation may reduce the risk of colon cancer by reducing cell proliferation rather than alteration of apoptosis. Further study will follow to determine the mechanism of anti-proliferative effect of watermelon supplementation. Funding Sources National Watermelon Promotion Board; SDSU/UCSD Cancer Center Partnership Scholars Program.

scholarly journals TAp73 suppresses tumor angiogenesis through repression of proangiogenic cytokines and HIF-1α activity

2014 ◽  
Vol 112 (1) ◽  
pp. 220-225 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marina Stantic ◽  
Habib A. M. Sakil ◽  
Hanna Zirath ◽  
Trixy Fang ◽  
Gema Sanz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tumor Angiogenesis ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Cellular Proliferation ◽  
Vascular Endothelial ◽  
Human Breast ◽  
P53 Family ◽  
Blood Vessel Formation ◽  
Angiogenic Switch ◽  
Vascular Endothelial Cadherin ◽  
Proliferation And Apoptosis

The p53-family member TAp73 is known to function as a tumor suppressor and regulates genomic integrity, cellular proliferation, and apoptosis; however, its role in tumor angiogenesis is poorly understood. Here we demonstrate that TAp73 regulates tumor angiogenesis through repression of proangiogenic and proinflammatory cytokines. Importantly, loss of TAp73 results in highly vascularized tumors, as well as an increase in vessel permeability resulting from disruption of vascular endothelial-cadherin junctions between endothelial cells. In contrast, loss of the oncogenic p73 isoform ΔNp73 leads to reduced blood vessel formation in tumors. Furthermore, we show that up-regulated ΔNp73 levels are associated with increased angiogenesis in human breast cancer and that inhibition of TAp73 results in an accumulation of HIF-1α and up-regulation of HIF-1α target genes. Taken together, our data demonstrate that loss of TAp73 or ΔNp73 up-regulation activates the angiogenic switch that stimulates tumor growth and progression.

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