scholarly journals Dietary Intake of Carotenoids and Their Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Effects in Cardiovascular Care

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Matteo Ciccone ◽  
Francesca Cortese ◽  
Michele Gesualdo ◽  
Santa Carbonara ◽  
Annapaola Zito ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Reduction ◽  
Arterial Walls ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Cardiovascular disease related to atherosclerosis represents nowadays the largest cause of morbidity and mortality in developed countries. Due to inflammatory nature of atherosclerosis, several studies had been conducted in order to search for substances with anti-inflammatory activity on arterial walls, able to exert beneficial roles on health. Researches investigated the role of dietary carotenoids supplementation on cardiovascular disease, due to their free radicals scavenger properties and their skills in improving low-density lipoprotein cholesterol resistance to oxidation. Nevertheless, literature data are conflicting: although some studies found a positive relationship between carotenoids supplementation and cardiovascular risk reduction, others did not find any positive effects or even prooxidant actions. This paper aimed at defining the role of carotenoids supplementation on cardiovascular risk profile by reviewing literature data, paying attention to those carotenoids more present in our diet (β-carotene,α-carotene,β-cryptoxanthin, lycopene, lutein, zeaxanthin, and astaxanthin).

scholarly journals Inclisiran—Silencing the Cholesterol, Speaking up the Prognosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 2467
Author(s):  
Sylwester Rogula ◽  
Ewelina Błażejowska ◽  
Aleksandra Gąsecka ◽  
Łukasz Szarpak ◽  
Milosz J. Jaguszewski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Cholesterol Metabolism ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
General Information ◽  
Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Reduction ◽  
Speaking Up ◽  
Pcsk9 Inhibitor

The reduction of circulating low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) is a primary target in cardiovascular risk reduction due to its well-established benefits in terms of decreased mortality. Despite the use of statin therapy, 10%–20% of high- and very-high-risk patients do not reach their LDL-C targets. There is an urgent need for improved strategies to manage dyslipidemia, especially among patients with homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia, but also in patients with established cardiovascular disease who fail to achieve LDL goals despite combined statin, ezetimibe, and PCSK9 inhibitor (PCSK9i) therapy. Inclisiran is a disruptive, first-in-class small interfering RNA (siRNA)-based therapeutic developed for the treatment of hypercholesterolemia that inhibits proprotein convertase subtilisin–kexin type 9 (PCSK9) synthesis, thereby upregulating the number of LDL receptors on the hepatocytes, thus lowering the plasma LDL-C concentration. Inclisiran decreases the LDL-C levels by over 50% with one dose every 6 months, making it a simple and well-tolerated treatment strategy. In this review, we summarize the general information regarding (i) the role of LDL-C in atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, (ii) data regarding the role of PCSK9 in cholesterol metabolism, (iii) pleiotropic effects of PCSK9, and (iv) the effects of PCSK9 silencing. In addition, we focus on inclisiran, in terms of its (i) mechanism of action, (ii) biological efficacy and safety, (iii) results from the ORION trials, (iv) benefits of its combination with statins, and (v) its potential future role in atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease.

scholarly journals Abnormally expressed miR-23b in Chinese Mongolian at high cardiovascular risk may contribute to monocyte/macrophage inflammatory reaction in atherosclerosis

2018 ◽  
Vol 38 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Li-ping He ◽  
Xing-sheng Zhao ◽  
Le-ping He
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Inflammatory Response ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Nuclear Factor Κb ◽  
Luciferase Reporter ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
High Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Peripheral Blood Mononuclear

Background: The prevalence of coronary heart disease (CHD) appears to be high among Chinese Mongolians. MiR-23b has been proven to play a key role in atherosclerosis. The expression and role of miR-23b in the Mongolians at high cardiovascular risk were explored in the present study. Methods: Forty cases of blood samples from the Mongolians at high cardiovascular risk were enrolled in the present study. The expression of miR-23b was quantified by quantitative real-time PCR. To induce monocytes differentiation into macrophages, HP-1 cells were cultured with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate. The level of inflammatory markers was determined by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The interaction between miR-23b and A20 was explored by the dual luciferase reporter assay. Results: The expression of miR-23b in the Mongolian at high cardiovascular risk was higher than that in healthy Mongolian volunteers. Decrease in ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 caused by miR-23b is responsible for TC accumulation in the Mongolian at high cardiovascular risk. MiR-23b enhanced the oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL)-induced inflammatory response of THP-1 derived macrophage. MiR-23b regulated nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) pathway through targeting A20. MiR-23b mediated oxLDL-induced inflammatory response of peripheral blood mononuclear cell in the Mongolian at high cardiovascular risk. Conclusion MiR-23b enhanced oxLDL-induced inflammatory response of macrophages in the Mongolian at high cardiovascular risk through the A20/NF-κB signaling pathway, and thus contributing to atherosclerosis.

Language Concordance as a Determinant of Patient Outcomes in a Pharmacist-Managed Cardiovascular Risk Reduction Clinic

2014 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jasmine D. Gonzalvo ◽  
Nora H. Sharaya
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Risk Reduction ◽  
Clinical Outcomes ◽  
Health Care Disparities ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Retrospective Chart Review ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Reduction ◽  
Language Concordance ◽  
English Speaking

Background: Published literature reveals that health care disparities exist due to race, gender, and language, although this has not been confirmed in a pharmacist-managed patient population. Objective: The objective of this study is to examine the association of language concordance and clinical outcomes in a comparison of English-speaking (ES) and Spanish-speaking (SS) patients in a pharmacist-managed cardiovascular risk reduction clinic (CVRRC). Methods: A retrospective chart review was undertaken to collect hemoglobin A1C, blood pressure, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) for patients enrolled in the CVRRC from July 2010 and August 2012. A 2-sample t-test was utilized to compare these outcomes between ES and SS patients. Results: A total of 9 SS patients and 62 ES patients were included. No statistically significant differences were found between ES and SS patients in this language-concordant, pharmacist-managed clinic setting. Conclusions: These results suggest that similar clinical outcomes between ES and SS patients may be achieved with the ability of pharmacists to speak the same language as their patients.

A lipid lover’s guide to novel therapeutics for lipid and cardiovascular risk reduction

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 507-520
Author(s):  
Rama Hritani ◽  
Aliza Hussain ◽  
Anum Saeed ◽  
Anandita Agarwala
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Risk Reduction ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Reduction ◽  
Apolipoprotein C3 ◽  
Novel Therapeutics ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Lipids And Lipoproteins

Lipids and lipoproteins are the target of many novel therapeutics and are an area with great potential for the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Reduction of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol has been the mainstay of reducing the burden of CVD, however, several other atherogenic particles have more recently come into the spotlight as potential avenues for primary and/or secondary prevention of CVD. These include triglycerides, high sensitivity C-reactive protein, apolipoprotein A, apolipoprotein C3 and lipoprotein(a). In this review, we showcase novel therapeutics to target lipid and cardiovascular risk reduction that are either in development or that have recently been approved for use. We discuss the mechanisms of action, data from clinical trials and expected effects of each therapy based on the current body of literature.

scholarly journals Changes in C-reactive protein in response to anti-inflammatory therapy as a predictor of cardiovascular outcomes: A systematic review and meta-analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 204800402092923
Author(s):  
Annie Berkley ◽  
Albert Ferro
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Risk Reduction ◽  
Cardiovascular Events ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Lipid Levels ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Reduction ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Protein Reduction

Background Despite the availability of aggressive lipid-lowering strategies, many patients remain at risk of cardiovascular events. C-reactive protein is a marker of inflammation elevated in patients at high risk of cardiovascular events. C-reactive protein has demonstrated value as a predictor of cardiovascular risk; however, it is unclear whether targeting C-reactive protein levels improves outcomes. This systematic review aimed to characterise the relationship between C-reactive protein and cardiovascular outcomes and to assess whether the magnitude of C-reactive protein reduction correlates to the extent of cardiovascular risk reduction. Methods A systematic review was conducted to identify randomised controlled trials that measured C-reactive protein before and after administration of therapies for cardiovascular disease and measured incidence of cardiovascular events. A meta-analysis of placebo-controlled studies assessed the relationship between extent of C-reactive protein reduction and cardiovascular risk reduction. Placebo-controlled studies where low-density lipoprotein and triglyceride data were available were also included in a meta-regression to assess the influence of these established risk factors on the efficacy of treatment when compared to C-reactive protein. Results Fifteen studies met the criteria for inclusion in this review, of which six were active comparator studies and nine were placebo controlled. Six placebo-controlled studies had data available for meta-regression. Eight studies demonstrated a reduction in events that could be explained by changes in lipid levels, whereas the results of five studies suggested that the association between C-reactive protein reduction and event rates cannot be explained by changes in lipid levels alone. No correlation was found between magnitude of C-reactive protein reduction and cardiovascular risk reduction. A strong correlation was found between C-reactive protein and low-density lipoprotein reduction (adjusted r2 = 0.8). Conclusions Targeting C-reactive protein does not offer additional benefit over targeting low-density lipoprotein across the general population in terms of cardiovascular risk reduction. However, there is value in targeting C-reactive protein in patients at high residual inflammatory risk despite non-elevated lipid levels or use of lipid-lowering therapy.

scholarly journals Hydroxychloroquine: Looking into the Future

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 369-375 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saibal Chakravorty ◽  
Indranil Purkait ◽  
Anil Pareek ◽  
Avinash Talware
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Systemic Inflammation ◽  
Cardiovascular Effects ◽  
Lipid Lowering ◽  
Inflammatory Drugs ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

AbstractHydroxychloroquine, an antimalarial agent has also been found to possess antidiabetic action. Onset of type-2 diabetes (T2DM) and cardiovascular disease is now considered to be the outcome of systemic inflammation. Many clinical trials are targeting systemic inflammation to reduce cardiovascular risk. Anti-inflammatory drugs with cardiovascular effects may be valuable therapeutic intervention to reduce massive cardiovascular risk in T2DM. In this review, antidiabetic action and potential cardioprotective role of hydroxychloroquine has been discussed. By virtue of its antidiabetic, lipid lowering, anti-platelet, anticoagulant and anti-inflammatory properties, hydroxychloroquine can be a key therapeutic alternative to manage patients with T2DM.

Nutritional Considerations In The Management Of Dyslipidemia

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamad Saleh ◽  
Francine K Welty
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Mediterranean Diet ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Saturated Fat ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol

Cardiovascular disease (CVD), the leading cause of death in industrialized countries, is a dietary disease. In this review, we summarize the evidence from prospective, observational studies and randomized primary and secondary prevention trials of various diets supporting a role of dietary components in the development of CVD and in lowering low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and cardiovascular events. The role of saturated fat in raising cholesterol and triglyceride is discussed, as well as studies showing that elevated levels of both LDL-C and triglyceride increase the risk of atherosclerosis and that lowering of LDL-C lowers the risk of CVD and its clinical sequelae, including unstable angina, myocardial infarction, and death. Randomized trials of omega-3 fatty acids and the Mediterranean diet and CVD outcomes are reviewed. Classification and causes of various types of hypercholesterolemia and hypertriglyceridemia are summarized. Finally, guidelines for nutritional management and treatment of these lipid disorders to lower levels of LDL-C and triglyceride and prevent CVD are provided.  This review contains 4 figures, 5 tables and 64 references Key words: cardiovascular disease, coronary heart disease, lipids, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, Mediterranean diet, nutrition, saturated fat, triglyceride 

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