scholarly journals Research on the Structure of Fish Collagen Nanofibers Influenced Cell Growth

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gang Zhou ◽  
Guimin Zhang ◽  
Zhe Wu ◽  
Yongzhao Hou ◽  
Ming Yan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Culture ◽  
Cell Growth ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Fish Collagen ◽  
New Criterion ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Electrospinning is highlighted in biomaterials field. The structures of nanofibers depend on various parameters, which are related closely to the bioactivity of biomaterials. The aim of this research is to analyze the structure of fish collagen nanofibers and to propose the new criterion for cell growth. This paper focused on the flow rate of solvent during the electrospinning. Through the cell culture, the relationship of the structure and cell growth is investigated. The results obtained in this study provide an understanding of the behaviors of cell growth under different structure of fish collagen nanofibers scaffold.

An improvement to the ANN-enhanced flow rating method

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernhard Schmid
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Major Ions ◽  
Rate Of Change ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Input Variables ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

<p>The work reported here builds upon a previous pilot study by the author on ANN-enhanced flow rating (Schmid, 2020), which explored the use of electrical conductivity (EC) in addition to stage to obtain ‘better’, i.e. more accurate and robust, estimates of streamflow. The inclusion of EC has an advantage, when the relationship of EC versus flow rate is not chemostatic in character. In the majority of cases, EC is, indeed, not chemostatic, but tends to decrease with increasing discharge (so-called dilution behaviour), as reported by e.g. Moatar et al. (2017), Weijs et al. (2013) and Tunqui Neira et al.(2020). This is also in line with this author’s experience.</p><p>The research presented here takes the neural network based approach one major step further and incorporates the temporal rate of change in stage and the direction of change in EC among the input variables (which, thus, comprise stage, EC, change in stage and direction of change in EC). Consequently, there are now 4 input variables in total employed as predictors of flow rate. Information on the temporal changes in both flow rate and EC helps the Artificial Neural Network (ANN) characterize hysteretic behaviour, with EC assuming different values for falling and rising flow rate, respectively, as described, for instance, by Singley et al. (2017).</p><p>The ANN employed is of the Multilayer Perceptron (MLP) type, with stage, EC, change in stage and direction of change in EC of the Mödling data set (Schmid, 2020) as input variables. Summarising the stream characteristics, the Mödling brook can be described as a small Austrian stream with a catchment of fairly mixed composition (forests, agricultural and urbanized areas). The relationship of EC versus flow reflects dilution behaviour. Neural network configuration 4-5-1 (the 4 input variables mentioned above, 5 hidden nodes and discharge as the single output) with learning rate 0.05 and momentum 0.15 was found to perform best, with testing average RMSE (root mean square error) of the scaled output after 100,000 epochs amounting to 0.0138 as compared to 0.0216 for the (best performing) 2-5-1 MLP with stage and EC as inputs only.    </p><p> </p><p>References</p><p>Moatar, F., Abbott, B.W., Minaudo, C., Curie, F. and Pinay, G.: Elemental properties, hydrology, and biology interact to shape concentration-discharge curves for carbon, nutrients, sediment and major ions. Water Resources Res., 53, 1270-1287, 2017.</p><p>Schmid, B.H.: Enhanced flow rating using neural networks with water stage and electrical conductivity as predictors. EGU2020-1804, EGU General Assembly 2020.</p><p>Singley, J.G., Wlostowski, A.N., Bergstrom, A.J., Sokol, E.R., Torrens, C.L., Jaros, C., Wilson, C.,E., Hendrickson, P.J. and Gooseff, M.N.: Characterizing hyporheic exchange processes using high-frequency electrical conductivity-discharge relationships on subhourly to interannual timescales. Water Resources Res. 53, 4124-4141, 2017.</p><p>Tunqui Neira, J.M., Andréassian, V., Tallec, G. and Mouchel, J.-M.: A two-sided affine power scaling relationship to represent the concentration-discharge relationship. Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. 24, 1823-1830, 2020.</p><p>Weijs, S.V., Mutzner, R. and Parlange, M.B.: Could electrical conductivity replace water level in rating curves for alpine streams? Water Resources Research 49, 343-351, 2013.</p>

Spiral Flow Capability Research in the Rotary Cylinder

2011 ◽  
Vol 103 ◽  
pp. 209-213
Author(s):  
Song Bai Li ◽  
Yi Lun Liu
Keyword(s):  
Flow Rate ◽  
Structural Design ◽  
Simple Algorithm ◽  
Inlet Pressure ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Radial Clearance ◽  
Interior Flow ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Laminar Flow Model

In order to obtain the lubricating capabilityof screw rotary cylinder, its structural design and operation principle were introduced. Seven screw pairs with different radial clearance were designed. The models were built by Pro/E. Structure mesh was generated by using Gambit. Based on laminar flow model and SIMPLE algorithm, the interior flow field in different radial clearances and the same radial clearance at different inlet pressure were numerically simulated and analyzed with Fluent. The relationship of loading force, stiffness, maximum temperature, flow rate and radial clearance were obtained. Simulation results show that the performance of oil lubricated screw pair is the best at the radial clearance of 0.10 mm. At the same radial clearance, when back pressure is constant, with inlet pressure increasing, loading force, stiffness, flow rate and maximum temperature increase completely.

Synchronized slow-amplitude modulations in the electromyograms of shivering muscles

1989 ◽  
Vol 66 (5) ◽  
pp. 2358-2363 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. Israel ◽  
R. S. Pozos
Keyword(s):  
Skin Temperature ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Visual Analysis ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Muscular Activity ◽  
Emg Activity ◽  
Temperature Changes ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Pearson Correlations

The electromyograms (EMG) of shivering human subjects exposed to 0 degrees C air in an environmental chamber were analyzed to detect slow-amplitude modulations (SAMs, less than 1 Hz) in the EMGs of widely separated muscles and to study the relationship of these SAMs to respiration rate and skin temperature. Distinct amplitude modulations were observed in the raw EMGs during shivering. The peaks in EMG activity occurred simultaneously in the majority of the monitored muscles in all subjects. Pearson correlations between the average rectified EMGs of 93% of the muscles were significant (P less than 0.05). Visual analysis of the EMG and respiration signals indicated that the peaks in muscular activity occurred 6–12 times/min, whereas respiration ranged from 10 to 23 cycles/min. For all subjects respiration was at a higher frequency than amplitude modulation in the EMG. Comparison of EMG records with expiratory flow rate traces in shivering subjects indicated no one-to-one correlation between the occurrence of respiration and EMG amplitude modulations. Respiratory flow rate and average rectified EMG showed significant correlation in only 33% of the cases. In addition, skin temperature changes could not be correlated with the SAMS.

An Investigation of Electrolytic Jet Polishing at High Current Densities

1963 ◽  
Vol 85 (4) ◽  
pp. 395-401 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reno R. Cole ◽  
Yoram Hopenfeld
Keyword(s):  
Mass Transfer ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Mathematical Analysis ◽  
High Current ◽  
Electrolyte Flow ◽  
Current Densities ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Modified Theory ◽  
Fundamental Mass

A method of polishing metals by means of an electrolytic jet at extremely high current densities (to 1750 amps per sq in.) is described. Data are presented on the relation of polishing effect on various metals to current density and electrolyte flow rate for several electrolytes. An experimental method is described whereby the relationship of the above factors can be determined. It was found that all metals investigated could be polished at high enough current densities. Previous theories of electrolytic polishing are discussed and shown to not fully account for the process investigated. A modified theory to account for polishing at the high current densities observed is presented and is supported by mathematical analysis based on fundamental mass transfer considerations.

Study on Room Air Conditioner Dehumidification Capacity

2013 ◽  
Vol 448-453 ◽  
pp. 3386-3391
Author(s):  
Qian Wang ◽  
Qing Lin Meng
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Water Flow ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Calculation Method ◽  
Water Flow Rate ◽  
Air Conditioner ◽  
Efficiency Ratio ◽  
Single Room ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Room air conditioner is widely used in a single room or other enclosed spaces to increase the comfort of the environment. It adjusts the temperature and humidity to maintain the comfort for humans; dehumidification is a very important function of room air conditioner. This paper demonstrated the relationship among dehumidification capacity, entering air parameters, and evaporative temperature, presented the calculation method of maximum condensate water flow rate in certain condition, discussed the interaction of energy efficiency ratio and dehumidification capacity, and gave the relationship of condensate water flow rate and evaporative temperature using a specific compressor model. It is suggested that a balance should be made between dehumidification capacity and energy efficiency ratio for room air conditioner operating requirement.

The relationship of flow rate to glycosylation of human parotid amylase

1974 ◽  
Vol 19 (7) ◽  
pp. 597-599 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dorothy L. Kauffman ◽  
Sumiko Watanabe ◽  
Patricia J. Keller
Keyword(s):  
Flow Rate ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship
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