scholarly journals Prescription Surveillance and Polymerase Chain Reaction Testing to Identify Pathogens during Outbreaks of Infection

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroaki Sugiura ◽  
Tsuguto Fujimoto ◽  
Tamie Sugawara ◽  
Nozomu Hanaoka ◽  
Masami Konagaya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Syndromic Surveillance ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Emerging Infectious Diseases ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Specific Pathogen ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Syncytial Virus ◽  
Tract Infections

Syndromic surveillance, including prescription surveillance, offers a rapid method for the early detection of agents of bioterrorism and emerging infectious diseases. However, it has the disadvantage of not considering definitive diagnoses. Here, we attempted to definitively diagnose pathogens using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) immediately after the prescription surveillance system detected an outbreak. Specimens were collected from 50 patients with respiratory infections. PCR was used to identify the pathogens, which included 14 types of common respiratory viruses andMycoplasma pneumoniae. Infectious agents includingM. pneumoniae, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), rhinovirus, enterovirus, and parainfluenza virus were detected in 54% of patients. For the rapid RSV diagnosis kit, sensitivity was 80% and specificity was 85%. For the rapid adenovirus diagnosis kit, no positive results were obtained; therefore, sensitivity could not be calculated and specificity was 100%. Many patients were found to be treated for upper respiratory tract infections without the diagnosis of a specific pathogen. In Japan, an outbreak ofM. pneumoniaeinfection began in 2011, and our results suggested that this outbreak may have included false-positive cases. By combining syndromic surveillance and PCR, we were able to rapidly and accurately identify causative pathogens during a recent respiratory infection outbreak.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Human Bocavirus in Children Under 5 Years with Upper and Lower Respiratory Infections in Southeastern Iran

2022 ◽  
Vol In Press (In Press) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Hosseininasab ◽  
Hamidreza Mollaie ◽  
Zainab Karimi
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Human Bocavirus ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Children Under 5

Background: Human Bocavirus (HBoV) is a parvovirus associated with mild to severe upper and lower respiratory tract infections in children. Objectives: This study aimed to detect the virus in the nasopharynx of children under 5-year-old with respiratory infection by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Methods: Two hundred samples were taken from children referred to pediatric clinics in Kerman, southeastern Iran, with respiratory infections and were positive for virus by PCR. Next, the positive samples were genotyped by real-time PCR. Results: Out of 200 samples, 13 (6.5%) were positive for the Bocavirus gene, and all positive samples were infected by HBoV-1. We observed that 116 patients were male, and there was no difference in the prevalence of the virus based on gender (P = 0.345). The prevalence was significantly higher in infants under 10 months old (P = 0.049). Infection by Bucavirus virus was significantly correlated with symptoms, such as fever (P = 0.035, r = 0.7), otitis media (P = 0.013, r = 0.8), diarrhea, nausea, and vomiting (P = 0.001, r = 0.4). Conclusions: According to our findings, HBoV could be one of the causes of infections in the respiratory system of children, and the only type in the studied region is HBoV-1.

scholarly journals Febrile Seizures and Respiratory Viruses Determined by Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction Test and Clinical Diagnosis

Children ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. 234
Author(s):  
Ji Yoon Han ◽  
Seung Beom Han
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Respiratory Viruses ◽  
Polymerase Chain Reaction Test ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Tract Infections

Febrile seizure (FS) is a common benign seizure disorder of young children. Although upper respiratory tract infection is the cause of fever in most episodes of FS, studies to identify respiratory viruses using a multiplex polymerase chain reaction (mPCR) test have rarely been performed for children with FS. Medical records of children presenting with FS between January 2015 and December 2019 were retrospectively reviewed. Respiratory viruses identified by a rapid influenza detection test and mPCR test were investigated, and their seasonal distribution and the association between viral identification and seizure characteristics were determined. A total of 607 episodes of FS were analyzed: 81.1% of cases were generalized tonic–clonic seizures, 81.5% occurred within 24 h after fever onset, and 87.3% continued for ≤5 min. Complex FS occurred in 17.5% of FS episodes, and epilepsy was diagnosed in 2.5% of tracked cases. Of the 138 mPCR tests performed in 235 hospitalized episodes of FS, 112 (81.2%) tested positive for respiratory viruses: rhinovirus, enterovirus, adenovirus, and influenza virus were most frequently identified. The identified respiratory viruses showed similar seasonal distributions as were observed in community-acquired respiratory tract infections. The identification of a specific respiratory virus was not significantly associated with seizure characteristics or the development of complex FS. In conclusion, respiratory viruses, showing similar seasonal distributions with community-acquired respiratory tract infections and no significant association with the severity and outcomes of FS, should not be rigorously tested for in children with FS.

scholarly journals Respiratory infections of combined etiology in the clinical practice of the pediatrician

2021 ◽  
pp. 78-82
Author(s):  
Svetlana V. Nikolaeva ◽  
Denis V. Usenko ◽  
Yuliya N. Khlypovka ◽  
Svetlana V. Shabalina ◽  
Aleksandr V. Gorelov
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Clinical Diagnosis ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
The Body ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Acute Respiratory Infections ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Tract Infections

Acute respiratory infections hold the leading position in the structure of infectious pathology in children and are one of the main reasons for visits to the doctor. Most often causative agents of acute respiratory infections are viruses. In recent years, respiratory infections of combined etiology are becoming an increasingly significant problem, the proportion of which is increasing.In co-infections, clinical diagnosis is difficult, which once again emphasizes the importance of the widespread introduction of highly sensitive etiological diagnostic methods, in particular polymerase chain reaction. Data on the tendency to a more severe course of co-infections compared to mono-infections are ambiguous, which seems to depend on the specific causative agent and the level of viral load. Another urgent problem of acute respiratory infections in children is the frequent registration of concomitant respiratory viral and herpes virus infections. The clinical picture of acute respiratory tract infections is not very diverse: fever, intoxication symptoms, cough, nasal congestion, rhinorrhea, sore throat, etc. At the same time, pathognomonic symptoms can be identified in some monoinfections, but in coinfections such clinical diagnosis is difficult, suggesting the importance of etiological diagnosis, especially polymerase chain reaction (PCR).All of the above, as well as age and clinical manifestations largely determine the rational selection of antiviral therapy simultaneously effective against both respiratory viruses and herpes viruses. One such drug is Cycloferon, which has not only a broad antiviral spectrum, but also a high level of safety.Inclusion of an interferon inducer in the treatment of acute respiratory infections will reduce the need to prescribe other drugs, including antibiotics, and reduce the medication load on the body.

scholarly journals Viral and Bacterial Etiologies of Acute Respiratory Infections Among Children Under 5 Years in Senegal

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 117863611875865 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dieng Assane ◽  
Camara Makhtar ◽  
Diop Abdoulaye ◽  
Fall Amary ◽  
Boiro Djibril ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Moraxella Catarrhalis ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Acute Respiratory Infections ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Prevalent Virus ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Syncytial Virus ◽  
Children Under 5

Acute respiratory infections (ARIs) are the leading cause of infectious disease–related morbidity, hospitalization, and morbidity among children worldwide. This study aimed to assess the viral and bacterial causes of ARI morbidity and mortality in children under 5 years in Senegal. Nasopharyngeal samples were collected from children under 5 years who had ARI. Viruses and bacteria were identified using multiplex real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and conventional biochemical techniques, respectively. Adenovirus was the most prevalent virus (50%; n = 81), followed by influenza virus (45.68%, n = 74), rhinovirus (40.12%; n = 65), enterovirus (25.31%; n = 41), and respiratory syncytial virus (16.05%; n = 26), whereas Streptococcus pneumoniae (17%; n = 29), Moraxella catarrhalis (15.43%; n = 25), and Haemophilus influenzae (8.02%; n = 13) were the most commonly isolated bacteria. Virus pathogens seem more likely to be more prevalent in our settings and were often associated with bacteria and S. pneumoniae (6%; 16) coinfection.

scholarly journals Clinico-Pathological Study of Adenovirus Associated with Respiratory Infections in Children

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-52
Author(s):  
Maysaa El Sayed Zaki ◽  
Abd R. Eid ◽  
Osama A. Faried
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Immune Status ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Egyptian Children ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Tract Infections

Background: Adenovirus is associated with respiratory tract infections in children worldwide. However, there is insufficient data about adenovirus infections in Egyptian children and the genotypes present in this infection. Objective: The aim of the present study was to investigate the prevalence of adenovirus and its genotypes in respiratory tract infection in children by real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). Methods: The study was a cross-sectional study that included 100 children complaining of respiratory tract infections signs and symptoms. Laboratory investigation for adenovirus included real-time polymerase chain reaction and genotypes detection by Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). Results: Adenovirus was detected by PCR for fiber gene in 11% with genotype 3 in 6 samples (54.5%) and genotype 7 in 5 samples (45.5%) positive for adenovirus by Multiplex PCR. The main presenting symptoms and signs in children with adenovirus detected by PCR were cough, fever, wheezing, and croups (90.9%, 81.1%, 63.6%, and 63.6%, respectively). The diagnosis in children with adenovirus was pneumonia in 72.7% and bronchitis in 27.7%. There were statistically insignificant differences in demographic, clinical, and hematological parameters between children with adenovirus and children negative to adenovirus by PCR. Conclusion: The clinical characteristics of respiratory infections with adenovirus vary upon the age of the patients and the immune status. Therefore, there is a requirement for an extensive study of adenovirus in respiratory infections in children with different ages and immune status.

Molecular Analysis of Uropathogenic E.coli Isolates from Urinary Tract Infections

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 322-326 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hassan Valadbeigi ◽  
Elham Esmaeeli ◽  
Sobhan Ghafourian ◽  
Abbas Maleki ◽  
Nourkhoda Sadeghifard
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Urinary Tract Infections ◽  
Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Virulence Genes ◽  
Uropathogenic Escherichia Coli ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Tract Infections

Introduction: The aim of the current study was to investigate the prevalence of virulence genes in uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) isolates in Ilam. Materials and Methods: For this purpose, a total of 80 UPEC isolates were collected for patients with UTIs during a 6 months period. The multiplex polymerase chain reaction (multiplex PCR) was used to detect the papEF, fimH, iucD, hlyA, fyuA, and ompT genes. Results: The prevalence of fimH, papEF, iucD, fyuA, hlyA, hlyA, and ompT genes were 87.5%, 47.5%, 60%, 67.5%, 27.5%, 47.5% and 71.2%, respectively. Among all of the isolates, 27 profiles were obtained. Conclusion: Our findings demonstrated that the most prevalence was found for fimH, and different distribution of virulence genes suggested different ability of pathogenicity.

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