scholarly journals Performance of Photovoltaic Modules of Different Solar Cells

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ankita Gaur ◽  
G. N. Tiwari
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cells ◽  
Minimum Cost ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Energy Generation ◽  
Standard Test ◽  
Photovoltaic Modules ◽  
Test Conditions ◽  
Pv Modules ◽  
Electrical Energy Generation ◽  
Made In

In this paper, an attempt of performance evaluation of semitransparent and opaque photovoltaic (PV) modules of different generation solar cells, having the maximum efficiencies reported in the literature at standard test conditions (STC), has been carried out particularly for the months of January and June. The outdoor performance is also evaluated for the commercially available semitransparent and opaque PV modules. Annual electrical energy, capitalized cost, annualized uniform cost (unacost), and cost per unit electrical energy for both types of solar modules, namely, semitransparent and opaque have also been computed along with their characteristics curves. Semitransparent PV modules have shown higher efficiencies compared to the opaque ones. Calculations show that for the PV modules made in laboratory, CdTe exhibits the maximum annual electrical energy generation resulting into minimum cost per unit electrical energy, whereas a-Si/nc-Si possesses the maximum annual electrical energy generation giving minimum cost per unit electrical energy when commercially available solar modules are concerned. CIGS has shown the lowest capitalized cost over all other PV technologies.

scholarly journals Migration of Sn and Pb from Solder Ribbon onto Ag Fingers in Field-Aged Silicon Photovoltaic Modules

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wonwook Oh ◽  
Seongtak Kim ◽  
Soohyun Bae ◽  
Nochang Park ◽  
Sung-Il Chan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cells ◽  
Galvanic Corrosion ◽  
Solar Irradiation ◽  
Photovoltaic Modules ◽  
Si Solar Cells ◽  
Test Conditions ◽  
Pv Modules ◽  
Moisture Condensation ◽  
Acceleration Test ◽  
Light Induced Plating

We investigated the migration of Sn and Pb onto the Ag fingers of crystalline Si solar cells in photovoltaic modules aged in field for 6 years. Layers of Sn and Pb were found on the Ag fingers down to the edge of the solar cells. This phenomenon is not observed in a standard acceleration test condition for PV modules. In contrast to the acceleration test conditions, field aging subjects the PV modules to solar irradiation and moisture condensation at the interface between the solar cells and the encapsulant. The solder ribbon releases Sn and Pb via repeated galvanic corrosion and the Sn and Pb precipitate on Ag fingers due to the light-induced plating under solar irradiation.

scholarly journals An Improved Generalized Method for Evaluation of Parameters, Modeling, and Simulation of Photovoltaic Modules

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vandana Jha ◽  
Uday Shankar Triar
Keyword(s):  
Modeling And Simulation ◽  
Standard Test ◽  
Unknown Parameters ◽  
Photovoltaic Modules ◽  
Pv Module ◽  
Test Conditions ◽  
Pv Modules ◽  
Evaluation Of Parameters ◽  
Output Characteristics ◽  
Matlab Programming

This paper proposes an improved generalized method for evaluation of parameters, modeling, and simulation of photovoltaic modules. A new concept “Level of Improvement” has been proposed for evaluating unknown parameters of the nonlinear I-V equation of the single-diode model of PV module at any environmental condition, taking the manufacturer-specified data at Standard Test Conditions as inputs. The main contribution of the new concept is the improvement in the accuracy of values of evaluated parameters up to various levels and is based on mathematical equations of PV modules. The proposed evaluating method is implemented by MATLAB programming and, for demonstration, by using the values of parameters of the I-V equation obtained from programming results, a PV module model is build with MATLAB. The parameters evaluated by the proposed technique are validated with the datasheet values of six different commercially available PV modules (thin film, monocrystalline, and polycrystalline) at Standard Test Conditions and Nominal Operating Cell Temperature Conditions. The module output characteristics generated by the proposed method are validated with experimental data of FS-270 PV module. The effects of variation of ideality factor and resistances on output characteristics are also studied. The superiority of the proposed technique is proved.

scholarly journals Electrical energy generation with differently oriented photovoltaic modules as façade elements

2016 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 1377-1386 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lana Pantic ◽  
Tomislav Pavlovic ◽  
Dragana Milosavljevic ◽  
Dragoljub Mirjanic ◽  
Ivana Radonjic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Investigation ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
The South ◽  
Pv System ◽  
The West ◽  
Solar Module ◽  
Photovoltaic Modules ◽  
Pv Modules ◽  
Electrical Energy Generation

In this paper the results of theoretical and experimental investigation of electrical energy generated with differently oriented PV modules used as facade elements, are presented. It was found that in 2013, optimally oriented monocristalline solar module of 60 Wp generated 62.9 kWh; horizontal module 58.1 kWh; vertical module oriented toward the South 43.9 kWh; vertical module oriented toward the East 25.7 kWh, and vertical module oriented toward the West 22.9 kWh of electrical energy. Also it was found that optimally oriented Building Integrated PV system (BIPV) of 1.2 kWp can produce 1081.6 kWh/year; horizontal, vertical oriented toward the South, vertical oriented toward the East and vertical oriented toward the West can generate 7.6%, 30.2%, 59.2% and 63.6 less electrical energy, respectively. The greenhouse-gas payback periods (GPBP) for the optimally oriented and horizontal BIPV systems were estimated to be 7.8 and 8.5 years, respectively. The obtained results can be applied in designing residential, commercial and other buildings with BIPV systems in Serbia.

scholarly journals RANCANG BANGUN SISTEM GERAK PANEL SURYA BERBASIS ARDUINO UNO

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Titien Kumala Sari ◽  
Toibah Umi Kalsum
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cells ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Standard Test ◽  
Solar Panel ◽  
Solar Panels ◽  
Photovoltaic Panel ◽  
Photovoltaic Modules ◽  
Motion System ◽  
Photovoltaic Effects ◽  
Arduino Uno

Panel Surya (Panel Photovoltaik) adalah suatu panel yang terdiri dari kumpulan sel surya berfungsi merubah energi cahaya menjadi energi listrik dengan memanfaatkan efek photovoltaik. Photovoltaik dapat diartikan sebagai "cahaya-listrik". Sel surya atau sel PV bergantung pada efek photovoltaik untuk menyerap energi matahari dan menyebabkan arus mengalir antara dua lapisan bermuatan yang berlawanan. Pada umumnya modul photovoltaik dipasarkan dengan kapasitas 50 Watt-peak (Wp) dan kelipatannya. Unit satuan Watt-peak adalah satuan daya (Watt) yang dapat dibangkitkan oleh modul photovoltaik dalam keadaan standar uji (Standard Test Condition – STC). Penggunaan arduino uno pada panel surya ini tujuannya agar pengaturan arah panel surya selalu tegak lurus dengan arah cahaya matahari. Dengan demikian dibuat sebuah sistem kontrol yang dapat mengatur arah panel surya secara otomatis melalui pengerak driver motor.Hasil analisa sistem gerak panel surya berbasis Arduino Uno, pada Panel Surya ini menggunakan Arduino Uno sebagai sistem gerak untuk mengikuti arah matahari, RTC digunakan sebagai penerimaan perintah yang dikirim melalui panel surya agar dapa membaca kisaran sudut, stepper difungsikan sebagai penggerak panel surya yang dikendalikan menggunakan Arduino UNO menggunakan aplikasi. Hasil yang optimal terdapat pada jam 11.00 - 12.00 wib karena cahaya matahari lebih terik dari waktu pagi dan sore. Hasil arus dan tegangan sesuai yang didapatkan karena pengoptimal arus dan tegangan pada panel surya bergerak lebih efisien. Kata kunci :Panel Surya, Driver Motor, RTC, Arduino UNOThe Solar Panel (Photovoltaic Panel) is a panel consisting of a collection of solar cells that functions to convert light energy into electrical energy by utilizing photovoltaic effects. Photovoltaics can be interpreted as "light-electricity". Solar cells or PV cells depend on photovoltaic effects to absorb solar energy and cause current to flow between two opposite charged layers. In general, photovoltaic modules are marketed with a capacity of 50 Watt-peak (Wp) and multiples thereof. Watt-peak units are units of power (Watts) that can be generated by photovoltaic modules in standard test conditions (STC). The use of Arduino Uno on solar panels is intended to regulate the direction of the solar panel always perpendicular to the direction of sunlight. Thus, a control system is created that can automatically adjust the direction of the solar panel through the driver of the motor. The results of the analysis of the motion of solar panels based on Arduino Uno, in this Solar Panel using Arduino Uno as a motion system to follow the direction of the sun, RTC is used as receiving commands sent through solar panels so that they can read the angle range, stepper functioned as a solar panel driven Arduino UNO uses the application. Optimal results are available at 11.00 - 12.00 WIB because the sun's rays are hotter than morning and evening. The current and voltage results are as obtained because the current and voltage optimizers in solar panels move more efficiently. Keywords: Solar Panel, Motor Driver, RTC, Arduino UNO

scholarly journals Temperature on PV Module Performance and its Latest Mitigation Techniques: A Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 651-658
Keyword(s):  
Open Circuit Voltage ◽  
Operating Temperature ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Standard Test ◽  
Open Circuit ◽  
Solar Insolation ◽  
Photovoltaic Modules ◽  
Pv Module ◽  
Test Conditions ◽  
Module Performance

Photovoltaic modules (PVM) output power is sensitive to fluctuations in temperature and the concentration of solar insolation during sustained disclosure. The 20% of solar insolation will be converted into useful electrical energy, while the rest will be dissipated in the form of heat, which in rotate will increase the operating heat of the PVM and it negatively affects the open circuit voltage (Voc), resulting in a decrease in the power alteration productivity and an irreversible rate of cell deprivation. Appropriate cooling techniques are therefore crucial to preserve the operating temperature of the module under standard test conditions (STC). There are two different methods for cooling PVMs, namely active and passive these methods are subdivided into different techniques which are discussed one by one in literature review; in this paper the techniques for cooling PVMs are comprehensively reviewed

Electrical Energy Generation via Reversible Chemical Doping on Carbon Nanotube Fibers

2016 ◽  
Vol 28 (44) ◽  
pp. 9752-9757 ◽  
Author(s):  
Albert Tianxiang Liu ◽  
Yuichiro Kunai ◽  
Pingwei Liu ◽  
Amir Kaplan ◽  
Anton L. Cottrill ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotube ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Energy Generation ◽  
Chemical Doping ◽  
Carbon Nanotube Fibers ◽  
Electrical Energy Generation
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