scholarly journals High Efficiency Secondary Somatic Embryogenesis inHovenia dulcisThunb. through Solid and Liquid Cultures

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jingli Yang ◽  
Songquan Wu ◽  
Chenghao Li
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Somatic Embryos ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Secondary Embryogenesis ◽  
Secondary Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Liquid Cultures ◽  
Medicinal Tree ◽  
Plant Conversion

Embryogenic callus was obtained from mature seed explants on medium supplemented with 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid. Primary somatic embryos (SEs) can only develop into abnormal plants. Well-developed SEs could be obtained through secondary somatic embryogenesis both in solid and liquid cultures. Temperature strongly affected induction frequency of secondary embryogenesis. Relatively high temperature (30∘C) and germinated SEs explants were effective for induction of secondary somatic embryos, and low temperature (20∘C) was more suitable for further embryo development, plantlet conversion, and transplant survival. Somatic embryos formed on agar medium had larger cotyledons than those of embryos formed in liquid medium. Supplementing 0.1 mg L−16-benzyladenine (BA) was effective for plant conversion; the rate of plant conversion was 43.3% in somatic embryos from solid culture and 36.5% in embryos from liquid culture.In vitroplants were successfully acclimatized in the greenhouse. The protocol established in this study will be helpful for large-scale vegetative propagation of this medicinal tree.

scholarly journals In vitro ROOTING OF TENERA HYBRID OIL PALM (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) PLANTS1

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marlúcia Souza Pádua ◽  
Raíssa Silveira Santos ◽  
Luciano Vilela Paiva ◽  
Vanessa Cristina Stein ◽  
Luciano Coutinho Silva
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Somatic Embryos ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Elaeis Guineensis ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Indole Butyric Acid

ABSTRACT Oil palm is a woody monocot of economic importance due to high oil production from its fruits. Currently, the conventional method most used to propagate oil palm is seed germination, but success is limited by long time requirements and low germination percentage. An alternative for large-scale propagation of oil palm is the biotechnological technique of somatic embryogenesis. The rooting of plants germinated from somatic embryos is a difficult step, yet it is of great importance for later acclimatization and success in propagation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the auxins indole acetic acid (IAA) and indole butyric acid (IBA) on the rooting of somatic embryos of Tenera hybrid oil palm. Plants obtained by somatic embryogenesis were inoculated in modified MS medium with 10% sucrose and 0.6% agar and supplemented with IAA or IBA at concentrations of 5 µM, 10 µM, and 15 µM, and the absence of growth regulators. After 120 days, the presence of roots, root type, length of the longest root, number of roots, number of leaves, and shoot length were analyzed. Growth regulators were favorable to rooting; plants cultivated with IBA growth regulator at 15 µM showed higher rooting percentage (87%) and better results for the parameters of number of roots (1.33) and shoot length (9.83).

scholarly journals Morpho-anatomical characterization of secondary somatic embryogenesis in Azadirachta indica (Meliaceae)

2018 ◽  
pp. 7-20
Author(s):  
Maria Daniela Artigas Ramirez ◽  
Rafael Fernandez Da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Azadirachta Indica ◽  
Somatic Embryos ◽  
Naphthaleneacetic Acid ◽  
Ms Medium ◽  
Secondary Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Efficient System ◽  
Whole Process ◽  
Secondary Somatic Embryos

Background and Aims: Meliaceae species are extremely recalcitrant during germination and in vitro processes. Therefore, this research focuses on characterization and optimization of a highly efficient system by secondary somatic embryogenesis in Azadirachta indica, which is an important step for enhancing secondary metabolite production and regeneration in recalcitrant species.Material and Methods: Leaf and cotyledon sections were induced in MS medium supplemented with benzylaminopurine (BAP) alone, or combined with 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) and, abscisic acid (BA) with thidiazuron (TDZ).Key results: Azadirachta indica developed primary somatic embryos with BAP. Shoot and root formation occurred at low concentrations of BAP, while somatic embryogenesis was favored under high levels of BAP or TDZ. Primary and secondary somatic embryos were evidenced continuously and asynchronously. The highest amount of somatic embryos was obtained with cytokinins. However, the concentration might be significant to differentiate between primary and secondary embryos. Moreover, the auxins are key for inducing histodifferentiation in embryos. Shoot induction occurred after transfer of the embryos to hormone-free MS medium. The shoots were rooted in MS1/2.Conclusions: The secondary somatic embryos were distinguished and characterized during the whole process and the efficient system was established with cotyledon sections at short term, which offers several advantages such as the production of metabolites.

scholarly journals High-Efficiency Somatic Embryogenesis from Seedlings of Koelreuteria paniculata Laxm.

Forests ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 769 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiong Yang ◽  
Xiaoyu Yang ◽  
Ting Guo ◽  
Kai Gao ◽  
Tianyun Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Callus Induction ◽  
Somatic Embryos ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Naphthaleneacetic Acid ◽  
Clonal Culture ◽  
Embryogenic Calluses ◽  
Koelreuteria Paniculata ◽  
2,4 Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid

Research Highlights: In the current study, we established a method for plant regeneration via somatic embryogenesis (SE) in Koelreuteria paniculata Laxm. for the first time. Background and Objectives: K. paniculata is an important ornamental and medicinal plant in China. However, the plant has difficulty with asexual reproduction, which imposes a limitation on large-scale propagation. Materials and Methods: Embryogenic calluses were induced from stems of aseptic seedlings on induction media. The effects of different media types and concentrations of N6-benzyladenine (BA), α-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) on callus induction were examined. Embryogenic calluses were then transferred to Driver-Kuniyuki Walnut (DKW) media containing NAA (0.1–0.2 mg L−1) or 2,4-D (0.5–2.0 mg L−1) to develop somatic embryos. Cotyledon embryos were cultured on DKW media containing NAA (0.1–0.2 mg L−1) until maturation, and were then transferred to 1/2 DKW medium supplemented with 1.0 mg L−1 indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) to produce complete plants. The effects of IBA and NAA on rhizogenesis were then examined by clonal culture. Results: The maximum callus induction frequency (80.25%) was obtained on DKW medium supplemented by 0.5 mg L−1 BA, 0.25 mg L−1 NAA, and 1.5 mg L−1 2,4-D. NAA had a more pronounced effect on somatic embryo growth than did 2,4-D, with a maximum SE frequency (54.75%) observed with 0.1 mg L−1 NAA added to DKW medium. For clonal culture, the highest rooting rate (52%) was observed on 1/4 DKW medium containing 1.5 mg L−1 IBA. Histology studies confirmed the presence of embryogenic calluses and somatic embryos in different stages. Conclusions: This protocol provides a novel method for large-scale propagation of K. paniculata, and creates opportunities for genetic engineering in this species.

scholarly journals Long-Term Maintainable Somatic Embryogenesis System in Alfalfa (Medicago sativa) Using Leaf Explants: Embryogenic Sustainability Approach

Plants ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 278 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ankush Sangra ◽  
Lubana Shahin ◽  
Sarwan K. Dhir
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Medicago Sativa ◽  
Callus Culture ◽  
Somatic Embryos ◽  
Conversion Rate ◽  
Leaf Explants ◽  
Secondary Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Plant Conversion ◽  
Embryo Yield

Alfalfa (Medicago sativa) is one of the most important forage legume crops because of its mass production and high feeding value. It originated in Asia and is one of the most ancient plants cultivated throughout the world as a fodder. Despite the well-studied somatic embryogenesis of alfalfa, there is a lack of a long-term maintainable somatic embryogenic system. Every time an embryogenic callus culture must be started from new explants, which is laborious, costly and time consuming. In addition to this, endogenous microorganisms present in ex vitro explants of alfalfa can often cause contamination, reducing the efficiency of callus culture. An attempt was made to establish long-term continuous somatic embryogenesis system in alfalfa using cultivar Regen-SY. Nine somatic embryogenesis pathways were studied and evaluated for embryo yield, plant conversion rate and embryogenic sustainability. Somatic embryos passed through the same stages (globular, heart-shaped, torpedo and cotyledonary) as characteristic of the zygotic embryo and secondary somatic embryogenesis was also observed. B5H-B5 system showed the highest embryo yield and plant conversion rate whereas SH4K-BOi2Y system demonstrated the highest embryogenic sustainability and maintained the embryogenic potential even after six subculture cycles. Scanning electron microscopy was applied to study the morphology of the somatic embryos and secondary somatic embryogenesis. Therefore, long-term maintainable somatic embryogenesis system protocol was developed through this study, which will help to enhance and accelerate the alfalfa biotechnology research.

scholarly journals Somatic embryogenesis in cassava genotypes from the northeast of Brazil

2007 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 201-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Terezinha Feitosa ◽  
João Luíz Pinheiro Bastos ◽  
Luíz Ferreira Aguiar Ponte ◽  
Thiago Lustosa Jucá ◽  
Francisco de Assis de Paiva Campos
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Mass Production ◽  
Somatic Embryos ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Secondary Embryogenesis ◽  
Induction Medium ◽  
Stem Cuttings ◽  
High Frequencies ◽  
Wide Range

A method for the induction of somatic embryogenesis in eight cassava genotypes from northeastern Brazil is described. The explants used were shoot apexes isolated both from in vitro grown plants and from shoots that sprouted from stem cuttings. Somatic embryogenesis was achieved in high frequencies by the addition in the induction medium of the auxin picloram over a wide range of concentrations. Green cotyledons of primary somatic embryos were used as explants to induce somatic (cyclic) secondary embryogenesis in an inducing medium supplemented with picloram at 12 mg/L. The method could be used not only for the mass production of plants of the cassava genotypes, but also to generate explants (green cotyledons of somatic embryos) as themselves excellent targets for genetic transformation.

Somatic Embryogenesis and In vitro Plant Regeneration in Vigna trilobata (L.) Verd. - A Potential Pasture Legume

1970 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-99
Author(s):  
K. Choudhary ◽  
M. Singh ◽  
M. S. Rathore ◽  
N. S. Shekhawat
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Somatic Embryos ◽  
Basal Medium ◽  
Long Term Study ◽  
Continuous Application ◽  
First Time ◽  
Pasture Legume

This long term study demonstrates for the first time that it is possible to propagate embryogenic Vigna trilobata and to subsequently initiate the differentiation of embryos into complete plantlets. Initiation of callus was possible on 2,4-D. Somatic embryos differentiated on modified MS basal nutrient medium with 1.0 mg/l  of 2,4-D and 0.5 mg/l  of Kn. Sustained cell division resulted in globular and heart shape stages of somatic embryos. Transfer of embryos on to a fresh modified MS basal medium with 0.5 mg/l of Kn and 0.5 mg/l of GA3 helped them to attain maturation and germination. However, the propagation of cells, as well as the differentiation of embryos, were inhibited by a continuous application of these growth regulators. For this reason, a long period on medium lacking these growth regulators was necessary before the differentiation of embryos occurred again. The consequences for improving the propagation of embryogenic cultures in Vigna species are discussed. Key words: Pasture  legume, Vigna trilobata, Globular, Heart shape, somatic embryogenesis D.O.I. 10.3329/ptcb.v19i1.4990 Plant Tissue Cult. & Biotech. 19(1): 89-99, 2009 (June)

scholarly journals Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of the wild orchid Cattleya maxima Lindl

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 89
Author(s):  
Augusta Yadira Cueva-Agila ◽  
Rino Cella
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Somatic Embryos ◽  
Attractive Alternative ◽  
Gene Encoding ◽  
Anatomical Structures ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Hygromycin Resistance Gene ◽  
Growing Conditions ◽  
Somatic Embryogenesis Receptor Kinase

Protocorms are unique anatomical structures; they are akin to rhizoids and are formed by young orchid seedlings under physiological conditions. Explanted orchid tissues produce similar structures called protocorm-like bodies (PLBs) when exposed to appropriate <em>in vitro</em> growing conditions. Both the propagative nature of PLBs and the easiness by which they can be generated, make these structures an attractive alternative to seed-mediated production for growing large numbers of plants. To increase somatic embryogenesis and optimize the procedure, PLBs of <em>Cattleya maxima </em>were transformed<em> </em>using the <em>Agrobacterium tumefaciens </em>method. The T-DNA carried a Hygromycin-resistance gene, a visible marker (GFP5-GUSA) and a rice gene encoding the Somatic Embryogenesis Receptor Kinase, deemed to be important for somatic embryogenesis. Treated PLBs generated somatic embryos developing Hygromycin-resistant plantlets. The insertion of T-DNA was confirmed by PCR, and GFP expression was observed using a fluorescent stereomicroscope. Transformed <em>Cattleya maxima</em> PLBs were more efficient in forming somatic embryos (60-80%) than untransformed controls (45-57%), and this contrast was maximized in hormone-free, Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium (80% of the transformed plants compared to 57% of the untransformed ones). This finding supports the notion that SERK<em> </em>plays an important role in Orchid embryogenesis.

scholarly journals Induction of Somatic Embryogenesis in Vulnerable Medicinal Plant Hedychium spicatum Buch-Ham ex Smith

2014 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 147-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dinesh Giri ◽  
Sushma Tamta
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Medicinal Plant ◽  
Somatic Embryos ◽  
Synthetic Seeds ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Secondary Embryogenesis ◽  
Zygotic Embryos ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Cotyledon Explants ◽  
Short Period

This protocol has been developed for somatic embryogenesis in Hedychium spicatum. Simultaneously, a method has also been developed for the production of synthetic seeds by using somatic embryos. Direct somatic embryos were developed on cotyledon explants of zygotic embryos on MS supplemented with high concentration of NAA (20.0 µM). Induction of secondary embryogenesis was best in 2,4-D supplemented medium fortified with activated charcoal. Germination of somatic embryos was enhanced by using GA3. Besides this, round and semi-hard beads of somatic embryos (synthetic seeds) could be produced by using 2% Na-alginate and 100 mM calcium chloride and more than 30% germination of synthetic seeds was achieved in MS. Well acclimated plants produced via somatic embryogenesis and/or synthetic seeds were transferred to field where more than 60% survived. This simple study enabled us to obtain a number of plantlets throughout the year each cycle requiring a short period of time. Besides propagation, this study provided an ex situ method for conservation of this vulnerable Himalayan species.D. O. I.http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ptcb.v23i2.17506Plant Tissue Cult. & Biotech. 23(2): 147-155, 2013  (December)

scholarly journals EFFECT OF DIFFERENT SOURCES OF PLANT GROWTH REGULATOR ON THE INDUCTION AND DEVELOPMENT OF MANGOSTEEN SOMATIC EMBRYOS

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 9
Author(s):  
Yosi Zendra Joni ◽  
Riry Prihatini ◽  
Darda Efendi ◽  
Ika Roostika
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Embryogenic Callus ◽  
Plant Growth Regulator ◽  
Somatic Embryos ◽  
Casein Hydrolysate ◽  
Malt Extract ◽  
Mass Propagation ◽  
Embryogenic Callus Induction

<p>Somatic embryogenesis is a technique for regenerating embryos derived from somatic cells of various plant species. This technique along with the utilization of plant growth regulator (PGR) might benefit for mass propagation and improvement of plant species through biotechnological tools. The study aimed to determine the effect of different plant growth regu-lators, namely 6-benzyladenine (BA) and thidiazuron (TDZ) on the embryogenic callus induction as well as casein hydrolysate and malt extract on the somatic embryo development of mangosteen. The explants used were in vitro young stems of mangosteen clone Leuwiliang. This study consisted of two experiments, namely induction of embryogenic callus and formation of somatic embryo. The first experiment was arranged as factorial in a completely randomized design with BA (0 and 0.7 mg l-1) as the first factor and TDZ (0, 0.1, 0.5 and 1.0 mg l-1) as the second factor. The second experiment consisted of four treatments, i.e. casein hydrolysate and malt extract at the rate of 500 and 1,000 mg l-1. The results showed that the best medium for embryogenic callus induction was MS supplemented with 0.1 mg l-1 TDZ, which resulted semifriable calli. Casein hydrolysate and malt extract could not induce the formation of somatic embryos. After two times subcultures on the same MS medium supplemented with 0.5 mg l-1 TDZ and 0.7 mg l-1 BA, a total of 33.8 somatic embryos per explant was induced. The successful somatic embryogenesis would support mangosteen breeding and in vitro mass propagation program.</p>

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