scholarly journals Stochastic Congestion Pricing among Multiple Regions: Competition and Cooperation

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Hua Wang ◽  
Wei Mao ◽  
Hu Shao
Keyword(s):  
Social Welfare ◽  
Travel Time ◽  
Demand Uncertainty ◽  
Transportation Network ◽  
Congestion Pricing ◽  
User Equilibrium ◽  
Travel Time Reliability ◽  
Stochastic User Equilibrium ◽  
Multiple Regions ◽  
The Impact

Previous studies of road congestion pricing problem assume that transportation networks are managed by a central administrative authority with an objective of improving the performance of the whole network. In practice, a transportation network may be comprised of multiple independent local regions with relative independent objectives. In this paper, we investigate the cooperative and competitive behaviors among multiple regions in congestion pricing considering stochastic conditions; especially demand uncertainty is taken into account in transportation modelling. The corresponding congestion pricing models are formulated as a bilevel programming problem. In the upper level, congestion pricing model either aims to maximize the regional social welfare in competitive schemes or attempts to maximize the total social welfare of multiple regions in cooperative schemes. In the lower level, travellers are assumed to follow a reliability-based stochastic user equilibrium principle considering risks of late arrival under uncertain conditions. Numerical examples are carried out to compare the effects of different pricing schemes and to analyze the impact of travel time reliability. It is found that cooperative pricing strategy performs better than competitive strategy in improving network performance, and the pricing effects of both schemes are quite sensitive to travel time reliability.

Stochastic Traffic Assignment Model Based on Travel Time Reliability

2011 ◽  
Vol 130-134 ◽  
pp. 3716-3720
Author(s):  
Yi Ran Cheng ◽  
Yin Han ◽  
Xin Kai Jiang ◽  
Jia Lei Gu
Keyword(s):  
Travel Time ◽  
Equilibrium Model ◽  
Choice Behavior ◽  
Transportation Networks ◽  
Route Choice ◽  
User Equilibrium ◽  
Travel Time Reliability ◽  
Stochastic User Equilibrium ◽  
Model Based ◽  
Route Choice Behavior

Considering the un-deterministic transportation networks, the paper proposes the change of the route choice decisions under the stochastic transportation networks. The route choice behavior is described as a choice for a time shortest route which is subject to a time-reliability level. The paper also considered this new route choice behavior in the stochastic user equilibrium model, and proposed stochastic user equilibrium model based on the optimized reliability travel time route choice behavior in the stochastic networks. The equivalence and uniqueness of the solution of the model are demonstrated. Numerical results of a small network show that the proposed model can reflect the real traveler’s route choice behavior in stochastic transportation networks.

scholarly journals Stochastic Transportation Network Considering ATIS with the Information of Environmental Cost

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 3861 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiang Tu ◽  
Lin Cheng ◽  
Dawei Li ◽  
Jie Ma ◽  
Chao Sun
Keyword(s):  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Transportation Network ◽  
User Equilibrium ◽  
Environmental Cost ◽  
Stochastic User Equilibrium ◽  
Environment Friendly ◽  
Traveler Information ◽  
Environment Problem ◽  
Transportation Research ◽  
The Impact

The environment problem is a sustainable hot topic in the field of transportation research. With higher awareness of the environment problem, travelers tend to choose more environment friendly traffic modes and travel routes. However, for motor vehicle drivers, the environmental cost is an implicit cost, which is not easily perceived. With the help of the advanced traveler information system (ATIS), a fresh scheme was proposed to reduce the environmental cost of the transportation network, which incorporates the information of environmental cost into ATIS to guide drivers to choose more environment-friendly routes. To test the validity of the scheme, we adopted the theory of stochastic network user equilibrium to assign two classes of drivers on the transportation network and analyzed the impact on environmental cost after applying this scheme. Mathematically, a mixed stochastic user equilibrium (SUE) model was proposed to analyze this scheme. The corresponding algorithm was also proposed. Both the model and algorithm were tested in the numerical examples. Through the examples, the validity and feasibility of our proposed scheme were also identified. Our research provided some new ideas for traffic planners and managers to reduce environmental costs caused by traffic.

scholarly journals Travel Distance on Each Grade Road of Urban City Based on Reliability

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Long Xue-qin ◽  
Wang Jian-jun ◽  
Guan Hong-zhi
Keyword(s):  
Travel Time ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
User Equilibrium ◽  
Travel Distance ◽  
Distance Distribution ◽  
Travel Time Reliability ◽  
Stochastic User Equilibrium ◽  
Urban City ◽  
Equilibrium Assignment ◽  
Random State

In order to reflect influence of travel time reliability on route choosing, considering traffic accidents’ influence under random state, we analyzed travel distance distribution regularity of each grade road, through traffic assignment. Travel time reliability model was produced and modified, considering the randomness of accidents, delay time, and capacity. The maximum preponderant travel range of each grade road was defined, and stochastic user equilibrium assignment was adopted to get travel turnover and distance, based on the corrected model. And then regulation of distance distribution was analyzed. Conclusion shows that reasonable travel distance of local way, distribution way, and primary way is 1 km, 2.28 km, and 3.54 km, respectively.

Stochastic User Equilibrium Model with Implicit Travel Time Budget Constraint

2008 ◽  
Vol 2085 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tony E. Smith ◽  
Chao-Che Hsu ◽  
Yueh-Ling Hsu
Keyword(s):  
Travel Time ◽  
Travel Behavior ◽  
Time Budget ◽  
User Equilibrium ◽  
Time Constraints ◽  
Stochastic User Equilibrium ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Travel Time Budget ◽  
Travel Decisions ◽  
The Impact

Although time constraints on travel behavior have been widely recognized, little effort has been made to incorporate such constraints into the traditional stochastic user equilibrium (SUE) framework. The major objective of this research is to fill this gap by incorporating travel time constraints into the SUE model by means of a nonlinear perceived travel time function. This modified model, designated the travel time budget model, focuses primarily on discretionary travel behavior (such as shopping trips) and hence also allows the possibility of deferring travel decisions by incorporating an additional choice alternative designated the shop-less-frequently alternative. This model is compared with the traditional SUE model by using a simulated travel scenario on a test network designed to reflect a practical planning situation. The simulation shows that when attractiveness levels are increased by the introduction of a new shopping opportunity, the presence of travel time constraints can lead to significantly smaller predicted travel volumes than those of the traditional SUE model. More important, it shows that the overall pattern of travel can be quite different. In particular, travel to the shopping destination with enhanced attractiveness can actually decrease for some origin locations. The findings suggest that when an attempt is made to evaluate the impact of planning alternatives on future traffic patterns, it is vital to consider not only the cost of time itself but also the time trade-offs between travel and other human activities.

Incorporating Travel Time Reliability in Equitable Congestion Pricing Schemes for Heterogeneous Users and Bimodal Networks

2021 ◽  
pp. 036119812110197
Author(s):  
Fatemeh Fakhrmoosavi ◽  
Ali Zockaie ◽  
Khaled Abdelghany
Keyword(s):  
Travel Time ◽  
Optimization Algorithm ◽  
Travel Demand ◽  
Demand Management ◽  
Congestion Pricing ◽  
User Equilibrium ◽  
Travel Time Reliability ◽  
Travel Demand Management ◽  
Equity Issues ◽  
Total Travel Time

Congestion pricing is proposed as an effective travel demand management strategy to circumvent the problem of congestion and generate revenue to finance developmental projects. There are several studies focusing on optimal pricing strategies to minimize the congestion level or maximize the revenue of the system. However, with regard to equity issues, benefiting only users with higher value of time is claimed to be the main factor that prevents implementation of such policies in practice. While many studies aimed to tackle the equity issues by certain welfare analyses, most of these studies fail to fully consider realistic features of users’ behavior and the uncertainty in link travel times. Given the variability of travel time in real-world networks and the impacts of pricing policies on path travel time distributions, it is important to consider the users’ reliability valuations, in addition to their travel time valuations. Thus, the goal in this study is to find an equitable pricing scheme that minimizes the total travel time of auto users in a general bimodal network considering heterogeneous users with different values of time and reliability. A particle swarm optimization algorithm is proposed to find self-funded and Pareto-improving optimal toll values. A reliability-based user equilibrium algorithm is embedded into this optimization algorithm to assign travelers to the equilibrated paths for different user classes given toll values. The proposed approach is successfully applied to a modified Sioux Falls network to explore impacts of subsidization, congestion level, and considering travel time reliability on the pricing strategy and its effectiveness.

scholarly journals Examining the Impact of Adverse Weather on Travel Time Reliability of Urban Corridors in Shanghai

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Yajie Zou ◽  
Ting Zhu ◽  
Yifan Xie ◽  
Linbo Li ◽  
Ying Chen
Keyword(s):  
Travel Time ◽  
Weather Condition ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Weather Data ◽  
Time Variability ◽  
Travel Time Reliability ◽  
Time Data ◽  
Adverse Weather Condition ◽  
Adverse Weather ◽  
The Impact

Travel time reliability (TTR) is widely used to evaluate transportation system performance. Adverse weather condition is an important factor for affecting TTR, which can cause traffic congestions and crashes. Considering the traffic characteristics under different traffic conditions, it is necessary to explore the impact of adverse weather on TTR under different conditions. This study conducted an empirical travel time analysis using traffic data and weather data collected on Yanan corridor in Shanghai. The travel time distributions were analysed under different roadway types, weather, and time of day. Four typical scenarios (i.e., peak hours and off-peak hours on elevated expressway, peak hours and off-peak hours on arterial road) were considered in the TTR analysis. Four measures were calculated to evaluate the impact of adverse weather on TTR. The results indicated that the lognormal distribution is preferred for describing the travel time data. Compared with off-peak hours, the impact of adverse weather is more significant for peak hours. The travel time variability, buffer time index, misery index, and frequency of congestion increased by an average of 29%, 19%, 22%, and 63%, respectively, under the adverse weather condition. The findings in this study are useful for transportation management agencies to design traffic control strategies when adverse weather occurs.

scholarly journals Design of Signal Timing Plan for Urban Signalized Networks including Left Turn Prohibition

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qinrui Tang ◽  
Bernhard Friedrich
Keyword(s):  
Travel Time ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
User Equilibrium ◽  
Signal Timing ◽  
Stochastic User Equilibrium ◽  
Left Turn ◽  
Traffic Demand ◽  
Total Travel Time ◽  
Left Turns ◽  
Demand Patterns

Urban road networks may benefit from left turn prohibition at signalized intersections regarding capacity, for particular traffic demand patterns. The objective of this paper is to propose a method for minimizing the total travel time by prohibiting left turns at intersections. With the flows obtained from the stochastic user equilibrium model, we were able to derive the stage generation, stage sequence, cycle length, and the green durations using a stage-based method which can handle the case that stages are sharing movements. The final output is a list of the prohibited left turns in the network and a new signal timing plan for every intersection. The optimal list of prohibited left turns was found using a genetic algorithm, and a combination of several algorithms was employed for the signal timing plan. The results show that left turn prohibition may lead to travel time reduction. Therefore, when designing a signal timing plan, left turn prohibition should be considered on a par with other left turn treatment options.

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