scholarly journals Corneal Sensitivity in Keratoconus: A Review of the Literature

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leopoldo Spadea ◽  
Serena Salvatore ◽  
Enzo Maria Vingolo
Keyword(s):  
Structure And Function ◽  
Eye Disease ◽  
Cross Linking ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Corneal Sensitivity ◽  
Corneal Nerves ◽  
Corneal Structure ◽  
Conjunctival Cells ◽  
Sensitivity Changes ◽  
And Function

Corneal sensitivity has recently received much attention given the crucial role the corneal nerves play in maintaining normal corneal structure and function. An increased understanding of the corneal sensitivity and dry eye disease in keratoconus, including alterations of the conjunctival cells, may help explain the pathogenesis of this disorder. There is histological evidence of the involvement of corneal nerves in the pathology of keratoconus and it has been suggested that this plays a role in the pathophysiological features and progression of the disease. In this review, the impaired corneal sensitivity found on keratoconus and corneal sensitivity changes after cross-linking performed in patients with keratoconus are reported.

scholarly journals Corneal cross-linking methods and outcomes: A review

2016 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Deanne Lee Nicholas ◽  
Wayne D.H. Gillian
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Treatment Method ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Cross Linking ◽  
Invasive Treatment ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Ocular Structure ◽  
Corneal Structure ◽  
And Function

The prevalence of corneal ectasias such as keratoconus has been widely documented. Keratoconus may lead to detrimental changes in visual acuity, which can often be corrected in the early stages but requires more invasive treatment as the condition progresses. Corneal cross-linking has become a treatment method of choice in early keratoconic patients and is used to stabilise the condition and prevent further progression of the disease. The principle behind this procedure is the creation of additional bonds within the corneal structure in order to enhance its mechanical properties and thereafter halt the progression of the condition. There are disagreements within the literature as to how these procedures can be performed, and there are various alternative methods. It can be concluded that corneal cross-linking is an effective treatment method for keratoconus and has been shown to produce various beneficial effects in terms of ocular structure and function.

scholarly journals Overexpression of cofilin stimulates bundling of actin filaments, membrane ruffling, and cell movement in Dictyostelium.

1996 ◽  
Vol 132 (3) ◽  
pp. 335-344 ◽  
Author(s):  
H Aizawa ◽  
K Sutoh ◽  
I Yahara
Keyword(s):  
Actin Filaments ◽  
Cell Movement ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Cross Linking ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Filamentous Actin ◽  
Membrane Ruffling ◽  
And Function

Cofilin is a low molecular weight actin-modulating protein whose structure and function are conserved among eucaryotes. Cofilin exhibits in vitro both a monomeric actin-sequestering activity and a filamentous actin-severing activity. To investigate in vivo functions of cofilin, cofilin was overexpressed in Dictyostelium discoideum cells. An increase in the content of D. discoideum cofilin (d-cofilin) by sevenfold induced a co-overproduction of actin by threefold. In cells over-expressing d-cofilin, the amount of filamentous actin but not that of monomeric actin was increased. Overexpressed d-cofilin co-sedimented with actin filaments, suggesting that the sequestering activity of d-cofilin is weak in vivo. The overexpression of d-cofilin increased actin bundles just beneath ruffling membranes where d-cofilin was co-localized. The overexpression of d-cofilin also stimulated cell movement as well as membrane ruffling. We have demonstrated in vitro that d-cofilin transformed latticework of actin filaments cross-linked by alpha-actinin into bundles probably by severing the filaments. D. discoideum cofilin may sever actin filaments in vivo and induce bundling of the filaments in the presence of cross-linking proteins so as to generate contractile systems involved in membrane ruffling and cell movement.

scholarly journals MORPHOFUNCTIONAL CONDITION OF THE OVARIES AFTER HYSTERECTOMY

2014 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 145-152
Author(s):  
A. S. Fateyeva ◽  
I. A. Petrov ◽  
O. A. Tikhonovskaya ◽  
S. V. Logvinov
Keyword(s):  
Structure And Function ◽  
Comparative Data ◽  
Fallopian Tubes ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Blood Disorders ◽  
Analytical Review ◽  
And Function

Estrogen-deficient state evolving after the removal of the uterus and blood disorders and innervation. In the present analytical review of the literature discusses the features of the structure and function of the ovaries in patients undergoing hysterectomy. Presents comparative data on preservation or removal of the fallopian tubes during a hysterectomy.

Photoreceptors and Visual Pigments as Related to Behavioral Responses and Preferred Habitats of Perches (Perca spp.) and Pikeperches (Stizostedion spp.)

1977 ◽  
Vol 34 (10) ◽  
pp. 1475-1480 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Ali ◽  
R. A. Ryder ◽  
M. Anctil
Keyword(s):  
Yellow Perch ◽  
Perca Flavescens ◽  
Behavioral Responses ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Stizostedion Vitreum ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Predator Prey ◽  
Tapetum Lucidum ◽  
Retinal Structure ◽  
And Function

A review of the literature indicated contrasts in retinal structure and function between perches (Perca spp.) and pikeperches (Stizostedion spp.). Foremost among these were differences in size and distribution of rods, size and shape of cones, extent of retinomotor responses, possession or lack of reflecting material, and relative concentrations of melanin. The perches are primarily active by daylight, whereas the pikeperches are most active during twilight or at night. The coincidental occupancy of shoal areas by yellow perch (Perca flavescens) and walleye (Stizostedion vitreum vitreum) at twilight is related to decreasing visual acuity of the former and the approach of optimum visual performance in the latter species. On this basis the two species have a classic predator–prey relationship. Key words: histology, light, Perca sp., photopic vision, predation, retina, Stizostedion vitreum vitreum, symbiosis, tapetum lucidum

Brr2p RNA helicase with a split personality: insights into structure and function

2010 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 1105-1109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela Hahn ◽  
Jean D. Beggs
Keyword(s):  
Domain Architecture ◽  
Rna Helicase ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Mrna Splicing ◽  
Eye Disease ◽  
Rna Helicases ◽  
Cellular Processes ◽  
Biochemical Studies ◽  
Split Personality ◽  
And Function

RNA helicases are involved in many cellular processes. Pre-mRNA splicing requires eight different DExD/H-box RNA helicases, which facilitate spliceosome assembly and remodelling of the intricate network of RNA rearrangements that are central to the splicing process. Brr2p, one of the spliceosomal RNA helicases, stands out through its unusual domain architecture. In the present review we highlight the advances made by recent structural and biochemical studies that have important implications for the mechanism and regulation of Brr2p activity. We also discuss the involvement of human Brr2 in retinitis pigmentosa, a degenerative eye disease, and how its functions in splicing might connect to the molecular pathology of the disease.

scholarly journals Studies on the basis for the properties of fibrin produced from fibrinogen-containing γ′ chains

Blood ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 106 (8) ◽  
pp. 2730-2736 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin R. Siebenlist ◽  
Michael W. Mosesson ◽  
Irene Hernandez ◽  
Leslie A. Bush ◽  
Enrico Di Cera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Network Structure ◽  
Factor Xiii ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Catalytic Site ◽  
Cross Linking ◽  
Terminal Sequence ◽  
Human Fibrinogen ◽  
Delayed Release ◽  
Functional Features ◽  
And Function

AbstractHuman fibrinogen 1 is homodimeric with respect to its γ chains (`γA-γA'), whereas fibrinogen 2 molecules each contain one γA (γA1-411V) and one γ′ chain, which differ by containing a unique C-terminal sequence from γ′408 to 427L that binds thrombin and factor XIII. We investigated the structural and functional features of these fibrins and made several observations. First, thrombin-treated fibrinogen 2 produced finer, more branched clot networks than did fibrin 1. These known differences in network structure were attributable to delayed release of fibrinopeptide (FP) A from fibrinogen 2 by thrombin, which in turn was likely caused by allosteric changes at the thrombin catalytic site induced by thrombin exosite 2 binding to the γ′ chains. Second, cross-linking of fibrin γ chains was virtually the same for both types of fibrin. Third, the acceleratory effect of fibrin on thrombin-mediated XIII activation was more prominent with fibrin 1 than with fibrin 2, and this was also attributable to allosteric changes at the catalytic site induced by thrombin binding to γ′ chains. Fourth, fibrinolysis of fibrin 2 was delayed compared with fibrin 1. Altogether, differences between the structure and function of fibrins 1 and 2 are attributable to the effects of thrombin binding to γ′ chains.

scholarly journals BIOMARKERS OF CARDIAC FIBROSIS IN ARTERIAL HYPERTENSION

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Ya. Dotsenko ◽  
L. V. Gerasimenko ◽  
S. S. Boev ◽  
I. A. Shekhunova ◽  
A. V. Molodan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Arterial Hypertension ◽  
Myocardial Fibrosis ◽  
Cardiac Fibrosis ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Myocardial Remodeling ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
And Function

Abstract The article presents a review of the literature on the role of myocardial fibrosis in the development of myocardial remodeling in patients with arterial hypertension. Information about the state of the structure and function of the extracellular matrix in health and disease is generalized. The characteristics of myocardial fibrosis biomarkers detection in the circulating blood are reflected. Keywords: arterial hypertension, myocardial fibrosis, extracellular matrix, collagen, biomarkers.

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