scholarly journals Use and Nonmedical Use of Prescription Opioid Analgesics in the General Population of Canada and Correlations with Dispensing Levels in 2009

2013 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 69-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin D Shield ◽  
Wayne Jones ◽  
Jürgen Rehm ◽  
Benedikt Fischer
Keyword(s):  
Drug Use ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Opioid Analgesic ◽  
Opioid Analgesics ◽  
Wald Test ◽  
Prescription Opioid ◽  
Alcohol And Drug Use ◽  
Nonmedical Use ◽  
Monitoring Survey ◽  
Prescription Opioid Analgesics

BACKGROUND: In Canada, harm from nonmedical prescription opioid analgesic (POA) use (NMPOU) has increased in recent years; however, there are limitations to the current estimates of NMPOU. The 2009 Canadian Alcohol and Drug Use Monitoring Survey presents an opportunity to produce more accurate estimates of NMPOU.OBJECTIVES: To determine the prevalence of POA use, NMPOU and use of pain relievers to ‘get high’, and to assess correlations of these indicators with age, sex and provincial levels of dispensed POAs in Canada in 2009.METHODS: Data regarding POA use were obtained from the 2009 Canadian Alcohol and Drug Use Monitoring Survey (n=13,032). The amount of POAs dispensed in standardized daily doses was obtained from a representative sample of 2700 retail pharmacies across Canada. Associations among POA use, age, sex and the amount of POAs dispensed were evaluated using regression models. Differences in POA use across provinces were assessed using the Wald test.RESULTS: In Canada in 2009, the prevalence of POA use was 19.2% (95% CI 18.0% to 20.5%), NMPOU was 4.8% (95% CI 4.1% to 5.5%) and the use of pain relievers to get high was 0.4% (95% CI 0.1% to 0.8%). NMPOU was significantly associated with age. The use of pain relievers to get high varied significantly across provinces, while POA use and NMPOU did not show significant variations. The amount of POAs dispensed per province was not significantly correlated with any type of POA use.CONCLUSIONS: These findings confirm high POA use and NMPOU across Canada. Research is required to identify determinants of NMPOU.

An Effective Intervention: Limiting Opioid Prescribing as a Means of Reducing Opioid Analgesic Misuse, and Overdose Deaths

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 249-258 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brandi C. Fink ◽  
Olivier Uyttebrouck ◽  
Richard S. Larson
Keyword(s):  
Opioid Analgesic ◽  
Opioid Analgesics ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Prescribing Patterns ◽  
Prescription Opioid ◽  
Heroin Use ◽  
Overdose Death ◽  
Opioid Prescribing ◽  
Prescription Opioid Misuse ◽  
Overdose Deaths

Overdose deaths involving prescription opioids killed more than 17,000 Americans in 2017, marking a five-fold increase since 1999. High prescribing rates of opioid analgesics have been a substantial contributor to prescription opioid misuse, dependence, overdose and heroin use. There was recognition approximately ten years ago that opioid prescribing patterns were contributing to this startling increase in negative opioid-related outcomes, and federal actions, including Medicare reimbursement reform and regulatory actions, were initiated to restrict opioid prescribing. The current manuscript is a description of those actions, the effect of those actions on opioid prescribing and related patient outcomes. We also describe our proposal of methods of expanding these efforts as an important piece to further reduce opioid-related misuse, dependence, and overdose death.

National estimates of substance use, substance use disorders, and treatment among adolescent and young adult cancer survivors.

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. 7042-7042
Author(s):  
Xu Ji ◽  
Janet Cummings ◽  
Ann C. Mertens ◽  
Hefei Wen ◽  
Karen Elizabeth Effinger
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Cancer Survivors ◽  
Illicit Drug ◽  
Opioid Analgesics ◽  
Adolescent And Young Adult ◽  
Prescription Opioid ◽  
Cancer History ◽  
The Past ◽  
National Estimates ◽  
Prescription Opioid Analgesics

7042 Background: Adolescent and young adult (AYA) survivors of cancer are at an elevated risk of early-life morbidity and mortality due to the disease trajectory and treatment. Engagement in risk behaviors, including substance use, can exacerbate survivors’ vulnerabilities and place them at further risk for adverse health outcomes. This study provides national estimates of the prevalence of substance use and misuse, substance abuse or dependence (i.e., substance use disorders [SUD]), and receipt of treatment for SUD among AYA cancer survivors. Methods: We used 2015-2018 National Survey of Drug Use and Health data to identify a nationally-representative AYA sample (aged 12-34 years). Outcomes included past-year alcohol use, marijuana use, other illicit drug use, misuse of any prescription psychotherapeutic drugs (including opioid analgesics, stimulants, sedatives, or tranquilizers), and misuse of prescription opioid analgesics. Outcomes also assessed past-year SUD in aforementioned drug classes. Among those with SUD, we evaluated past-year receipt of SUD treatment. Multiple logistic regressions were estimated to compare outcomes between 846 AYAs who reported a cancer history and 142,870 AYAs who did not, adjusting for sociodemographic and need-related characteristics. Results: In bivariate analyses, AYAs with a cancer history were more likely than noncancer peers to use alcohol (78.6% vs. 63.4%; p< 0.001) and illicit drugs other than marijuana (11.2% vs. 7.8%; p= 0.02), misuse any prescription psychotherapeutic drugs (16.9% vs. 10.6%; p< 0.001) and prescription opioid analgesics (12.0% vs. 5.9%; p< 0.001), and have an illicit drug (other than marijuana) SUD (3.7% vs. 1.3%; p< 0.01) in the past year. In regression analyses, differences in past-year misuse of any prescription psychotherapeutic drug and prescription opioid analgesics persisted ( p= 0.02, p< 0.01, respectively). Among AYAs with SUD, those with a cancer history were more likely than noncancer peers to receive SUD treatment (21.0% vs. 8.1%; p= 0.01) in the past year; this difference persisted in regression analyses ( p= 0.03). Conclusions: AYAs with a cancer history had an elevated risk for misusing prescription psychotherapeutic medications, which was driven by misuse of prescription opioids; yet, only one in five AYAs with a cancer history and SUD received treatment. Our findings underscore the need for future interventions designed to reduce substance use and misuse and improve access to SUD treatment in AYA cancer survivors.

Validity of Self-Reported Misuse of Prescription Opioid Analgesics

2010 ◽  
Vol 45 (10) ◽  
pp. 1509-1524 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meredith Smith ◽  
Andrew Rosenblum ◽  
Mark Parrino ◽  
Chunki Fong ◽  
Salvatore Colucci
Keyword(s):  
Opioid Analgesics ◽  
Prescription Opioid ◽  
Prescription Opioid Analgesics

scholarly journals Factors Associated with Prescription Opioid Analgesic Use in the US Population, 2011–2014

Pain Medicine ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (7) ◽  
pp. 1338-1346 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven M Frenk ◽  
Susan L Lukacs ◽  
Qiuping Gu
Keyword(s):  
Opioid Analgesic ◽  
Opioid Analgesics ◽  
Opioid Use Disorder ◽  
Prescription Opioid ◽  
Opioid Use ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Us ◽  
Opioid Users ◽  
Analgesic Use

Abstract Objective This study examined factors associated with prescription opioid analgesic use in the US population using data from a nationally representative sample. It focused on factors previously shown to be associated with opioid use disorder or overdose. Variations in the use of different strength opioid analgesics by demographic subgroup were also examined. Methods Data came from respondents aged 16 years and older who participated in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2011–2014). Respondents were classified as opioid users if they reported using one or more prescription opioid analgesics in the past 30 days. Results Opioid users reported poorer self-perceived health than those not currently using opioids. Compared with those not using opioids, opioid users were more likely to rate their health as being “fair” or “poor” (40.4% [95% confidence interval {CI} = 34.9%–46.2%] compared with 15.6% [95% CI = 14.3%–17.1%]), experienced more days of pain during the past 30 days (mean = 14.3 [95% CI = 12.9–15.8] days compared with 2.3 [95% CI = 2.0–2.7] days), and had depression (22.5% [95% CI = 17.3%–28.7%] compared with 7.1% [95% CI = 6.2%–8.0%]). Among those who reported using opioids during the past 30 days, 18.8% (95% CI = 14.4%–24.1%) reported using benzodiazepine medication during the same period and 5.2% (95% CI = 3.5%–7.7%) reported using an illicit drug during the past six months. When opioid strength was examined, a smaller percentage of adults aged 60 years and older used stronger-than-morphine opioids compared with adults aged 20–39 and 40–59 years. Conclusions Higher percentages of current opioid users than nonusers reported having many of the factors associated with opioid use disorder and overdose.

scholarly journals Abuse-deterrent formulations of prescription opioid analgesics in the management of chronic noncancer pain

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 497-508 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin E Hale ◽  
Derek Moe ◽  
Mary Bond ◽  
Maciej Gasior ◽  
Richard Malamut
Keyword(s):  
Opioid Analgesics ◽  
Prescription Opioid ◽  
Chronic Noncancer Pain ◽  
Prescription Opioid Analgesics ◽  
Noncancer Pain

scholarly journals Exposure to prescription opioid analgesics in utero and risk of neonatal abstinence syndrome: population based cohort study

BMJ ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 350 (may14 1) ◽  
pp. h2102-h2102 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. Desai ◽  
K. F. Huybrechts ◽  
S. Hernandez-Diaz ◽  
H. Mogun ◽  
E. Patorno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Opioid Analgesics ◽  
Population Based ◽  
In Utero ◽  
Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome ◽  
Prescription Opioid ◽  
Abstinence Syndrome ◽  
Prescription Opioid Analgesics
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