scholarly journals Response of Rice Nitrogen Physiology to High Nighttime Temperature during Vegetative Stage

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Song Chen ◽  
Xiaoguo Zhang ◽  
Xia Zhao ◽  
Danying Wang ◽  
Chunmei Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
N Uptake ◽  
Plant Morphology ◽  
Carbohydrate Content ◽  
Shoot Biomass ◽  
Nitrogen Accumulation ◽  
Root Volume ◽  
Nitrogen Levels ◽  
Soluble Leaf Protein ◽  
Nitrogen Concentrations ◽  
Positive Effect

The effects of night temperature on plant morphology and nitrogen accumulation were examined in rice (Oryza sativaL.) during vegetative growth. The results showed that the shoot biomass of the plants was greater at 27°C (high nighttime temperature, HNT) than at 22°C (CK). However, the increase in both shoot and root biomasses was not significant under 10 mg N/L. The shoot nitrogen concentrations were 16.1% and 16.7% higher in HNT than in CK under 160 and 40 mg N/L. These results suggest that plant N uptake was enhanced under HNT; however, the positive effect might be limited by the N status of the plants. In addition, leaf area, plant height, root maximum length, root and shoot nitrogen concentrations, soluble leaf protein content, and soluble leaf carbohydrate content were greater in HNT than in CK under 40 and 160 mg N/L, while fresh root volume, root number, and the content of free amino acid in leaf were not significantly different between HNT and CK regardless of nitrogen levels. Moreover, leaf GS activity under HNT was increased at 160 mg N/L compared with that under CK, which might partly explain the positive effect of HNT on soluble protein and carbohydrate content.

scholarly journals Effects of micro-nano bubble aerated irrigation and nitrogen fertilizer level on tillering, nitrogen uptake and utilization of early rice

2018 ◽  
Vol 64 (No. 7) ◽  
pp. 297-302 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sang Honghui ◽  
Jiao Xiyun ◽  
Wang Shufang ◽  
Guo Weihua ◽  
Salahou Mohamed Khaled ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Uptake ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Irrigation Treatment ◽  
Utilization Efficiency ◽  
Nitrogen Accumulation ◽  
Response Characteristics ◽  
Nitrogen Levels ◽  
Early Rice

In order to clarify the response characteristics of tillering and nitrogen (N) uptake and utilization under micro-nano bubble aeration irrigation and nitrogen fertilizer level, the nitrogen uptake and utilization characteristics, tillering and yield of early rice under different irrigation methods and nitrogen levels were investigated. The results showed that micro-nano bubble aerated irrigation and nitrogen fertilizer have substantial influence on tillering of early rice, and the effect of N fertilizer was greater than the effect of oxygen. Nitrogen accumulation increased by 6.75–10.79% in micro-nano bubble aerated irrigation treatment compared with the conventional irrigation. The application of N in treatment of micro-nano bubble aerated irrigation and 160 kg N/ha fertilizer used (W<sub>1</sub>N<sub>1</sub>) was 90% of the treatment of micro-nano bubble aerated irrigation and 180 kg N/ha fertilizer used (W<sub>1</sub>N<sub>2</sub>), while the yield decreased by only 0.31%. The study indicated that the adoption of an appropriate deficit N rate combine with micro-nano bubble aerated irrigation can be an effective means to reduce non-beneficial N consumption, achieve higher crop yield and N utilization efficiency.

scholarly journals Enhanced Autophagic Activity Improved the Root Growth and Nitrogen Utilization Ability of Apple Plants under Nitrogen Starvation

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (15) ◽  
pp. 8085
Author(s):  
Liuqing Huo ◽  
Zijian Guo ◽  
Qi Wang ◽  
Li Cheng ◽  
Xin Jia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transgenic Plants ◽  
Root Growth ◽  
Nitrogen Starvation ◽  
Degradation Pathway ◽  
Physiological Status ◽  
Hydroponic System ◽  
Nitrogen Levels ◽  
Nitrogen Concentrations ◽  
Nitrogen Nutrients ◽  
Autophagic Activity

Autophagy is a conserved degradation pathway for recycling damaged organelles and aberrant proteins, and its important roles in plant adaptation to nutrient starvation have been generally reported. Previous studies found that overexpression of autophagy-related (ATG) gene MdATG10 enhanced the autophagic activity in apple roots and promoted their salt tolerance. The MdATG10 expression was induced by nitrogen depletion condition in both leaves and roots of apple plants. This study aimed to investigate the differences in the growth and physiological status between wild type and MdATG10-overexpressing apple plants in response to nitrogen starvation. A hydroponic system containing different nitrogen levels was used. The study found that the reduction in growth and nitrogen concentrations in different tissues caused by nitrogen starvation was relieved by MdATG10 overexpression. Further studies demonstrated the increased root growth and the higher nitrogen absorption and assimilation ability of transgenic plants. These characteristics contributed to the increased uptake of limited nitrogen nutrients by transgenic plants, which also reduced the starvation damage to the chloroplasts. Therefore, the MdATG10-overexpressing apple plants could maintain higher photosynthetic ability and possess better growth under nitrogen starvation stress.

scholarly journals CONSEQUENCES OF Cu and Zn COATED UREA TO MINIMIZE AMMONIA VOLATILIZATION

2016 ◽  
Vol 78 (6-12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Saima Kalsoom Babar ◽  
Mohd Khanif Yusop ◽  
Shakeel Ahmed Babar ◽  
Aijaz Ali Khooharo
Keyword(s):  
Ammonia Volatilization ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Soil Series ◽  
Nh3 Volatilization ◽  
N Losses ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Coated Urea ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Range Test ◽  
Cu And Zn

Nitrogen (N) losses from agricultural fields are commonly observed particularly from urea. The rate of urea hydrolysis is accelerated as it remains in conventional form and about 70% of applied urea losses in different forms to atmosphere. Ammonia volatilization is persuasive loss among all the losses from urea. Therefore to minimize ammonia (NH3) volatilization the micronutrient coated urea is applied to enhance N-efficiency and its uptake. This study is an application of micronutrient coated urea with zinc (Zn) and copper (Cu) for two soil series of Malaysia. A laboratory experiment was designed according to the force draft technique for trapping the NH3 loss. The results have manifested that the rate of ammonia volatilization was 16% from uncoated urea and 8% from coated urea with micronutrients during the first two weeks of observations. After the six weeks of observations it was perceived that the ammonia losses for both soil series were gradually decreased with time. The mean comparison by using Tukey’s range test has shown the positive effect of micronutrient coated urea in comparison with the conventional urea. However the urea coated with the combination of both micronutrients Cu and Zn has shown significant difference in contrast to the coating urea with single micronutrient. The overall results revealed the efficacy of micronutrient coated urea on both of the soil series to maximize N-uptake and reduce NH3 volatilization.

Fallowing and wheat production in southern NSW

1966 ◽  
Vol 6 (22) ◽  
pp. 233 ◽  
Author(s):  
GD Kohn ◽  
RR Storrier ◽  
EG Cuthbertson
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Mineral Nitrogen ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Winter Period ◽  
Wagga Wagga ◽  
Nitrogen Accumulation ◽  
High Fertility ◽  
Available Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Concentrations

The response of wheat to the length of fallow, to the number of cultivations, and to pre-planting chemical control of weeds on high fertility soils was determined under winter rainfall conditions at Wagga Wagga, New South Wales, over four years commencing 1960-61. Length of fallow had little influence on the conservation of rainfall except in 1961-62, when approximately twice the average summer rainfall added 1.8 inches of soil moisture per acre 48 inches. Long fallow increased available nitrogen accumulation, but this did not increase yield over either the mechanically prepared shorter fallows, or pre-planting chemical weed control. This was due to losses during the autumn-winter period of some of the excess mineral nitrogen that accrued during the long fallow. High mineral nitrogen concentrations also occurred during the summer on weed-free, uncultivated soils. Grain yield after a single autumn cultivation was as high as after a long fallow except in 1961-62. In this year the long fallow (September to May) significantly increased yields over all other treatments. The absence of any positive yield response to the application of 60 to 80 lb nitrogen an acre to short fallows suggests that mineral nitrogen concentrations were generally adequate for grain production. The addition of nitrogen to long fallows often depressed yields. The dependence of grain yield on adequate weed control is illustrated by a highly significant negative correlation (r = -0.849 ; P<0.001) of grain yield with weed growth. It is concluded that in the Wagga Wagga environment weed control is more important than moisture conservation and mineral nitrogen accumulation through fallowing.

scholarly journals HYDRUS-1D Simulation of Nitrogen Dynamics in Rainfed Sweet Corn Production

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 3925
Author(s):  
Mazhar Iqbal ◽  
Md Rowshon Kamal ◽  
Mohd Amin Mohd Soom ◽  
Muhammad Yamin ◽  
Mohd Fazly M. ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Surface Runoff ◽  
Sweet Corn ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Agricultural Fields ◽  
Nitrogen Transport ◽  
Nitrogen Input ◽  
Transport Dynamics ◽  
Nitrogen Concentrations ◽  
Hydrus 1D

Nitrogen loss from agricultural fields results in contamination of ground and surface water resources due to leaching and runoff, respectively. Nitrogen transport dynamics vary significantly among agricultural fields of different climates, especially in the tropical climate. This study intended to evaluate the rainfall impact on nitrogen distribution and losses under tropical rain-fed conditions. The study was carried out in a sweet corn field for two growing seasons at the Malaysian Agricultural Research and Development Institute (MARDI) research field. The HYDRUS-1D numerical model was used to simulate nitrogen transport dynamics in this study. The observed nitrogen concentrations were used for calibration and validation of the model. Total nitrogen input to sweet corn was 120 kg/ha for both seasons. Nitrogen losses through surface runoff and leaching were dominating pathways. Surface runoff accounted for 35.3% and 22.2% of total nitrogen input during the first and second seasons, respectively. The leaching loss at 60 cm depth accounted for 4.0% (first season) and 18.5% (second season). The crop N uptake was 37.5% and 24.9% during the first and second seasons, respectively. Nitrate was the dominant form of N uptake by the crop that accounted for 83.6% (first season) and 78.5% (second season). The HYDRUS-1D simulation results of nitrogen concentrations and fluxes were found in good agreement with observed data. The overall results of simulation justified the HYDRUS-1D for improved fertilizer use in the tropical climate.

scholarly journals Effect of Biochar and Irrigation on Soybean-Rhizobium Symbiotic Performance and Soil Enzymatic Activity in Field Rhizosphere

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 626 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ma ◽  
Egamberdieva ◽  
Wirth ◽  
Bellingrath-Kimura
Keyword(s):  
Plant Biomass ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Critical Factor ◽  
Hydrolytic Activity ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Shoot Biomass ◽  
Soil Enzymatic Activity ◽  
Nodule Number ◽  
Soil Variables

Nitrogen (N) in soybean (Glycine max L.) plants derived from biological nitrogen fixation was shown to be a sustainable N resource to substitute for N fertilizer. However, the limited water supply in sandy soil is a critical factor for soybean nodulation and crop growth. This study investigated the potential mechanism of the effect of biochar and irrigation on the soybean-Rhizobium symbiotic performance and soil biological activity in a field trial. In the absence of N fertilizer, 10 t ha−1 of black cherry wood-derived biochar were applied under irrigated and rainfed conditions on an experimental, sandy field site. The plant biomass, plant nutrient concentrations, nodule number, nodule leghemoglobin content, soil enzyme activities, and soil-available nutrients were examined. Our results show that biochar application caused a significant increase in the nodule number by 35% in the irrigated condition. Shoot biomass and soil fluorescein diacetate hydrolytic activity were significantly increased by irrigation in comparison to the rainfed condition. The activity of soil protease reduced significantly, by 8%, with the biochar application in the irrigated condition. Further, a linear correlation analysis and redundancy analysis performed on the plant, nodule, and soil variables suggested that the biochar application may affect soybean N uptake in the sandy field. Nodulation was enhanced with biochar addition, however, the plant N concentration and nodule Lb content remained unaffected.

Wheat genotypes with high early vigour accumulate more nitrogen and have higher photosynthetic nitrogen use efficiency during early growth

2014 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiayin Pang ◽  
Jairo A. Palta ◽  
Gregory J. Rebetzke ◽  
Stephen P. Milroy
Keyword(s):  
Aboveground Biomass ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Early Growth ◽  
Shoot Biomass ◽  
Genotypic Differences ◽  
Wheat Genotypes ◽  
Early Vigour ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
N Use

Genotypic differences in early growth and nitrogen (N) uptake among 24 wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes were assessed in a field trial. At late tillering, large genetic variation was observed for shoot biomass (23–56 g m–2 ground area) and N uptake (1.1–1.8 g m–2 ground area). A strong correlation between aboveground biomass and N uptake was observed. Variation around this relationship was also found, with some genotypes having similar N uptake but large differences in aboveground biomass. A controlled environment experiment was conducted to investigate the underlying mechanisms for this variation in aboveground biomass using three vigorous genotypes (38–19, 92–11 and CV97) and a non-vigorous commercial cultivar (Janz). Vigorous genotypes had lower specific leaf N in the youngest fully expanded leaf than Janz. However, there was no difference in chlorophyll content, maximum Rubisco activity or the rate of electron transport per unit area. This suggests that Janz invested more N in non-photosynthetic components than the vigorous lines, which could explain the higher photosynthetic N use efficiency of the vigorous genotypes. The results suggest that the utilisation of wheat genotypes with high early vigour could improve the efficiency of N use for biomass production in addition to improving N uptake during early growth.

Nitrogen dynamics under growth chamber conditions as influenced by method of alfalfa termination 2. Plant-available N release

1998 ◽  
Vol 78 (2) ◽  
pp. 261-266 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. M. Mohr ◽  
H. H. Janzen ◽  
M. H. Entz
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Uptake ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Growth Chamber ◽  
Nitrogen Accumulation ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Available N ◽  
N Release ◽  
Barley Crop

Herbicide application has been proposed as an alternative to tillage for termination of established alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) stands but it may alter the pattern and amount of N released from alfalfa residues. A controlled environment study was conducted to investigate the effect of termination technique on the availability of N to four barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) crops. Four treatments consisting of a factorial combination of two termination methods (chemical, mechanical) and two methods of residue placement (surface, incorporated) were established. Nitrogen uptake by the four consecutive crops of barley was measured during a 125-d period after termination. Termination method, particularly residue placement, strongly affected N release from alfalfa residues. Nitrogen accumulation by the initial barley crop accounted for >60% of cumulative N uptake in incorporated treatments compared with 39% and 24% for herbicide and tillage treatments in which alfalfa residue was surface applied. Herbicide application also slightly increased N uptake by the initial barley crop. Nitrogen uptake by subsequent barley crops was not affected by termination method; however, cumulative N uptake remained substantially greater for incorporated treatments throughout the 125 d experiment. Effects of residue particle size on N release from alfalfa residues were small. These results suggest that herbicide termination in which residue is retained on the soil surface may reduce the short-term plant-available N supply. Provided that mineralization is sufficient to meet the N needs of subsequent crops, maintaining a smaller reservoir of soil inorganic N may be beneficial in reducing the potential for leaching or denitrification losses. Key words: Plant-available N, termination method, alfalfa, herbicide, tillage, growth chamber

Influence of Host Nitrogen Levels on Development, Survival, Size and Population-Dynamics of Sugarcane Mealybug, Saccharicoccus-Sacchari (Cockerell) (Hemiptera, Pseudococcidae)

1992 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 327 ◽  
Author(s):  
DJ Rae ◽  
RE Jones
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Laboratory Data ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Seasonal Effects ◽  
Detectable Effect ◽  
Soluble Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Levels ◽  
Nitrogen Concentrations ◽  
Saccharicoccus Sacchari

Nitrogen levels in commercial plots of sugarcane varied over the cane-growing season. However, when adjusted for seasonal effects, nitrogen did not have a detectable effect on the size of mealybug populations on cane. In laboratory experiments, the survival of immature Saccharicoccus sacchari and the size attained at the onset of the oviposition period was influenced by the level of nitrogen fertiliser applied to potted sugarcane. Survival of S. sacchari increased to a maximum at 320 mg L-1 soluble nitrogen in sugarcane and decreased at higher levels, while size increased with increased nitrogen over the whole range of concentrations tested. Nitrogen-driven changes in the abundance of S. sacchari predicted from laboratory data indicate that normal variations in nitrogen concentrations of field-grown sugarcane have little effect on the population dynamics of S. sacchari.

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