scholarly journals The Abundance and Diversity of Soil Fungi in Continuously Monocropped Chrysanthemum

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aiping Song ◽  
Shuang Zhao ◽  
Sisi Chen ◽  
Jiafu Jiang ◽  
Sumei Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Quantitative Pcr ◽  
Soil Fungi ◽  
Growth Cycle ◽  
Ornamental Plant ◽  
Bulk Soil ◽  
Pathogenic Species ◽  
Fungal Abundance ◽  
Fungal Populations ◽  
Abundance And Diversity

Chrysanthemum is an important ornamental plant which is increasingly being monocropped. Monocropping is known to affect both fungal abundance and species diversity. Here, quantitative PCR allied with DGGE analysis was used to show that fungi were more abundant in the rhizosphere than in the bulk soil and that the fungal populations changed during the growth cycle of the chrysanthemum. The majority of amplified fragments appeared to derive fromFusariumspecies, andF. oxysporumandF. solaniproved to be the major pathogenic species which are built up by monocropping.

scholarly journals Utilizing pyrosequencing and quantitative PCR to characterize fungal populations among house dust samples

2012 ◽  
Vol 14 (8) ◽  
pp. 2038 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew W. Nonnenmann ◽  
Gloria Coronado ◽  
Beti Thompson ◽  
William C. Griffith ◽  
John Delton Hanson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Pcr ◽  
House Dust ◽  
Fungal Populations

scholarly journals The The diversity and abundance of Hymenoptera insects on tidal swamp rice field in Indragiri Hilir District, Indonesia

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
ZAHLUL IKHSAN ◽  
HIDRAYANI ◽  
YAHERWANDI ◽  
HASMIANDY HAMID
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Rice Field ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Similarity Index ◽  
Pitfall Trap ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Tidal Swamp ◽  
Abundance And Diversity ◽  
Number Of Individuals

Abstract. Ikhsan Z, Hidrayani, Yaherwandi, Hamid H. 2020. The diversity and abundance of Hymenoptera insects on tidal swamp rice field in Indragiri Hilir District, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 1020-1026. Hymenoptera is one of the four largest insect orders and it plays a vital role in human life as pollinators, parasitoids, and predators. Hymenoptera parasitoids are particularly important as agents of biological control of pest. The objective of this research was to study the diversity and abundance of Hymenoptera on tidal swamp rice field in Indragiri Hilir District, Riau Province, Indonesia. Samplings were conducted in 3 sub-districts of rice production centers, namely Batang Tuaka, Keritang and Reteh, using four trapping techniques (i.e. insect net, malaise trap, pitfall trap, and yellow pan trap). Shannon diversity index (H '), Krebs evenness index (E), and Jaccard similarity index (Is) were calculated. We found 4,701 individuals consisting of 39 families and 319 species of Hymenoptera at the three studied areas. Tidal swamp rice in Indragiri Hilir District had a high species diversity of Hymenoptera parasitoids and Hymenoptera predators, but a moderate species diversity of Hymenoptera pollinators. Species diversity and evenness of Hymenoptera parasitoids and predators were higher in Keritang than in Batang Tuaka and Reteh. The families of Formicidae, Braconidae, Ichneumonidae, and Scelionidae had the highest number of species, while Formicidae, Scelionidae, Diapriidae, and Braconidae had the highest number of individuals. Based on these findings, the abundance and diversity of Hymenoptera insects in Indragiri Hilir District have the potentials to be developed as biological agents to control pests on tidal swamp rice in this area.

Application of an automated ribosomal intergenic spacer analysis database for identification of cultured Antarctic fungi

2012 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caleb Slemmons ◽  
Gregory Johnson ◽  
Laurie B. Connell
Keyword(s):  
Dna Sequencing ◽  
Intergenic Spacer ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Primer Selection ◽  
Ribosomal Intergenic Spacer ◽  
Fungal Abundance ◽  
Tiered System ◽  
Abundance And Diversity ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Polymerase Chain Reaction Primers

AbstractWe utilized an automated ribosomal intergenic spacer analysis (ARISA) method as a more rapid alternative to classical morphological/nutritional identification and a less expensive alternative to sequencing for identification and grouping of isolates in culture-based fungal abundance studies. This method is well suited for the study of culturable Antarctic soil fungal communities where both abundance and diversity are relatively low. We optimized template concentration and verified the effect of primer selection from eight commonly used fungal polymerase chain reaction primers on ARISA chromatographs for 46 fungal species commonly isolated from south Victoria Land. A database of Antarctic fungal electropherograms was produced containing each of the species and was used as the first step in a tiered system for species identification. In addition, isolates containing more than one species were identified, allowing isolates not in the database to be sequenced for further analysis. This method unambiguously identified 78% of the fungal taxa in this study and we were able to rapidly determine which isolates should be subjected to further analysis by DNA sequencing. Using this approach, the cost of analysis for abundance studies can be greatly reduced compared to DNA sequencing of each isolate.

scholarly journals Contrasting soil microbial abundance and diversity on and between pasture drill rows in the third growing season after sowing

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard C. Hayes ◽  
Vadakattu V. S. R. Gupta ◽  
Guangdi D. Li ◽  
Mark B. Peoples ◽  
Richard P. Rawnsley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Plant Distribution ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Microbial Abundance ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
The Third ◽  
Fungal Populations ◽  
Abundance And Diversity ◽  
Bacteria And Fungi ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Changed spatial configurations at sowing have been investigated as a strategy to minimize interspecific competition and improve the establishment and persistence of multi-species plantings in pastures, but the impact of this practice on the soil microbiome has received almost no previous research attention. Differences in populations of bacteria and fungi in the surface 10 cm of soil in the third year following pasture establishment were quantified using quantitative polymerase chain reaction and terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism methods. Populations were compared on, and between, drill rows sown to either the perennial grass phalaris (Phalaris aquatica L.), perennial legume lucerne (alfalfa; Medicago sativa L.) or the annual legume subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum L.). Results showed that soil microbial abundance and diversity were related to plant distribution across the field at the time of sampling and to soil chemical parameters including total carbon (C), mineral nitrogen (N), pH, and available phosphorus (P), potassium (K) and sulfur (S). Despite the 27-month lag since sowing, pasture species remained concentrated around the original drill row with very little colonization of the inter-row area. The abundance and diversity of bacterial and fungal populations were consistently greater under drill rows associated with higher total C concentrations in the surface soil compared with the inter-row areas. Our results showed that the pH and available nutrients were similar between the subterranean clover drill row and the inter-row, suggesting that soil microbial populations were not impacted directly by these soil fertility parameters, but rather were related to the presence or absence of plants. The abundance of bacteria and fungi were numerically lower under phalaris rows compared to rows sown to legumes. The richness and diversity of fungal populations were lowest between rows where lucerne was planted. Possible explanations for this observation include a lower C:N ratio of lucerne roots and/or a lack of fibrous roots at the soil surface compared to the other species, illustrating the influence of contrasting plant types on the soil microflora community. This study highlights the enduring legacy of the drill row on the spatial distribution of plants well into the pasture phase of a cropping rotation and discusses the opportunity to enhance the microbiome of cropping soils on a large scale during the pasture phase by increasing plant distribution across the landscape.

Seasonal variations in the structure of copepod assemblages in tropical marine and estuarine waters, Coleroon, south-east India

2013 ◽  
Vol 94 (3) ◽  
pp. 521-535 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Rajkumar ◽  
Jun Sun ◽  
I. R. Jenkinson ◽  
M.M. Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Species Diversity ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Seasonal Patterns ◽  
Dissolved Oxygen Concentration ◽  
Copepod Community ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Abundance And Diversity ◽  
High Diversity ◽  
Coleroon Estuary

A twelve-month investigation was undertaken on how copepod community structure varied in relation to environmental factors in the Coleroon estuary, south-east India. Sampling was monthly, from Station 1 in the sea to Station 4 in the Vettar backwaters. Canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) was applied to elucidate the environmental factors affecting the copepod community. A total of 104 copepod species in 38 genera and 26 families were recorded, with the Calanoids, Acartia erythraea and Oithona brevicornis being the most dominant. At all four stations, both these species loaded near the intercept of CCA axes 1 and 2, perhaps reflecting that they were autochthonous. Most species occurred in distinct seasonal patterns. Abundances ranged from 13 × 103 to 215 × 103 (ind. m−3). Coleroon waters showed high diversity (bits/ind.), from 5.29 at Station 3 to 4.97 at Station 4. Abundance correlated positively with temperature and salinity and negatively with rainfall, dissolved oxygen concentration (DO) and pH. Species diversity correlated strongly with abundance (P < 0.01). Abundance and diversity were highest during the summer, and both correlated positively with salinity. Temperatures (air and water), salinity, pH and DO varied in the ranges 26–36°C, 25–34.2°C, 9–38, 7.0–8.7 and 3.0–6.8 ml l-1, respectively. Nitrate, nitrite, phosphate and silicate (µM) varied in the ranges: 4.7–64.5, 0.4–14.1, 0.2–12.9 and 9.3–148, respectively.

Surveys of the benthic infauna of the Crouch Estuary (UK) in relation to TBT contamination

1999 ◽  
Vol 79 (2) ◽  
pp. 225-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Waldock ◽  
H.L. Rees ◽  
P. Matthiessen ◽  
M.A. Pendle
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Benthic Communities ◽  
Bivalve Molluscs ◽  
Benthic Infauna ◽  
Abundance And Diversity

Fieldwork on the estuary of the River Crouch in Essex between 1987 (when the use of TBT antifouling on boats less than 25 m in length was banned) and 1992 revealed marked increases in the species diversity of sublittoral benthic communities in the areas which had originally been most contaminated with TBT. These increases were mirrored by a decrease in the TBT contamination of the sediments. The bivalve molluscs and amphipod crustaceans showed the most marked increases in abundance and diversity.

scholarly journals Ecological dynamics of the almond floral microbiome in relation to crop management and pollination

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert N. Schaeffer ◽  
David W. Crowder ◽  
Javier Gutiérrez Illán ◽  
John J. Beck ◽  
Tadashi Fukami ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Agricultural Landscapes ◽  
List Type ◽  
Floral Tissue ◽  
Fungal Abundance ◽  
Orchard Management ◽  
Abundance And Diversity

AbstractCrop tissues harbor microbiomes that can affect host health and yield. However, processes driving microbiome assembly, and resulting effects on ecosystem services, remain poorly understood. This is particularly true of flowering crops that rely on pollinators for yield.We assessed effects of orchard management tactics and landscape context on the flower microbiome in almond, Prunus dulcis. Fourteen orchards (5 conventional, 4 organic, 5 habitat augmentation) were sampled at two bloom stages to characterize bacterial and fungal communities associated with floral tissues. The surveys were complemented by in vitro experiments to assess effects of arrival order and fungicides on nectar microbial communities, and effects of fungicides and microbes on honey bee foraging. Finally, a field trial was conducted to test effects of fungicides and microbes on pollination.As bloom progressed, bacterial and fungal abundance and diversity increased, across all floral tissue types and management strategies. The magnitude by which microbial abundance and diversity were affected varied, with host proximity to apiaries and orchard management having notable effects on bacteria and fungi, respectively.Experiments showed immigration history and fungicides affected the composition of nectar microbial communities, but only fungicides affected pollinator foraging through reduced nectar removal. Neither treatment affected pollination services.Synthesis and applications. Our results shed light on routes through which management practices can shape microbiota associated with flowers of a pollinator-dependent crop. With growing appreciation for the role of floral-associated microbes in affecting biotic interactions at the floral interface, understanding such drivers can potentially inform microbial-derived ecosystem services in agricultural landscapes, including pollination and biocontrol.

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