scholarly journals How Different Methodologies of Harvesting and Analysing the Samples Affect the Test Results in Determining Joint Mediators

Arthritis ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ibrahim Yilmaz ◽  
Nevzat Selim Gokay ◽  
Rifat Bircan ◽  
Gamze V. Saracoglu ◽  
Sergulen Dervisoglu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Synovial Fluid ◽  
Cartilage Injury ◽  
Cartilage Tissue ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Articular Cartilage Injury ◽  
The Right ◽  
And Control ◽  
And Cartilage

Purpose. This study has researched the affect of different methodologies of harvesting and analysing the samples in determining the mediators emerging after the rat articular cartilage injury. Materials and Methods. One hundred and forty-four male wistar rats were divided into 2 groups. Synovial fluid samples were taken from all of the rats. We entered into the right knees of the rats in group I (n=36) under anaesthesia and took cartilage tissue samples from their distal femur. Samples were taken as reference values for enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and histopathological evaluations. We entered into the right knees of the rats in group II (n=108) and formed complete layer of cartilage injury in their medial femoral condyles. At the end of the 15th day, the rats were sacrificed after taking synovial fluid samples from their right knees creating defect in the rats in group II. The molecular markers in the synovial fluid and cartilage tissue samples which were taken from the experimental and control groups (MMP-9, MMP-13, TIMP-1, TNF-α, and NO) were analysed by direct or indirect methodologies. SPSS 18.0 Package program was used in the statistical evaluation. Students t-test where the measurement variables between the experimental and control groups were compared was applied. Receiver Operating Characteristics (ROC) curves were used in the determination of the diagnostic sufficiency from the tissue. Results. No difference was found between TIMP-1 (P=0.67) and MMP-9 (P=0.28) levels in synovial fluid and cartilage tissue. From the molecular markers, when MMP-9, MMP-13, NO, TIMP-1, TNF-α′, the area under ROC curve, and P values were examined, MMP-13 (P<0.0001, 95% CI: 0.70–0.85), NO (P<0.0001, 95% CI: 0.72–0.86), and TNF-α (P<0.0001, 95% CI: 0.91–0.98) results were found to be statistically significant. Inferences. The indirect ELISA protocol which we apply for the cartilage tissue as an alternative to synovial lavage fluid is a reliable method which can be used in the determination of articular cartilage injury markers.

scholarly journals Exosomes derived from miR-126-3p-overexpressing synovial fibroblasts suppress chondrocyte inflammation and cartilage degradation in a rat model of osteoarthritis

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Zhou ◽  
Jianghua Ming ◽  
Yaming Li ◽  
Bochun Li ◽  
Ming Deng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Synovial Fluid ◽  
Apoptotic Cell ◽  
Synovial Fibroblasts ◽  
Cartilage Degeneration ◽  
Cartilage Degradation ◽  
Exosomal Mirnas ◽  
Exosomal Mirna ◽  
And Control ◽  
And Cartilage

AbstractMicroRNAs (miRNAs) encapsulated within exosomes can serve as essential regulators of intercellular communication and represent promising biomarkers of several aging-associated disorders. However, the relationship between exosomal miRNAs and osteoarthritis (OA)-related chondrocytes and synovial fibroblasts (SFCs) remain to be clarified. Herein, we profiled synovial fluid-derived exosomal miRNAs and explored the effects of exosomal miRNAs derived from SFCs on chondrocyte inflammation, proliferation, and survival, and further assessed their impact on cartilage degeneration in a surgically-induced rat OA model. We identified 19 miRNAs within synovial fluid-derived exosomes that were differentially expressed when comparing OA and control patients. We then employed a microarray-based approach to confirm that exosomal miRNA-126-3p expression was significantly reduced in OA patient-derived synovial fluid exosomes. At a functional level, miRNA-126-3p mimic treatment was sufficient to promote rat chondrocyte migration and proliferation while also suppressing apoptosis and IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α expression. SFC-miRNA-126-3p-Exos were able to suppress apoptotic cell death and associated inflammation in chondrocytes. Our in vivo results revealed that rat SFC-derived exosomal miRNA-126-3p was sufficient to suppress the formation of osteophytes, prevent cartilage degeneration, and exert anti-apoptotic and anti-inflammatory effects on articular cartilage. Overall, our findings indicate that SFC exosome‐delivered miRNA-126-3p can constrain chondrocyte inflammation and cartilage degeneration. As such, SFC-miRNA-126-3p-Exos may be of therapeutic value for the treatment of patients suffering from OA.

scholarly journals Comparative study of the areas of osteochondral defects produced in the femoral condyles of rabbits treated with gel of sugarcane biopolymer

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 383-386 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulo Cezar Vidal Carneiro de Albuquerque ◽  
José Lamartine de Andrade Aguiar ◽  
Saulo Monteiro dos Santos ◽  
Nicodemus Pontes Filho ◽  
Roberto José Vieira de Mello ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Cane ◽  
Digital Camera ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Osteochondral Defects ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
The Right ◽  
And Control ◽  
Natural Healing ◽  
Femoral Condyles

PURPOSE: To measure the healed areas of osteochondral defects produced in femoral condyles of rabbits filled with biopolymer sugar cane gel and to compare these with those of the control group at 90, 120 and 180 days. METHODS: A study was made of 16 New Zealand rabbits, 6 and 7 months old, weighing between 2 and 2.5 kg. Defects of 3.2 x 4 mm were made, with trephine, in the femoral condyles of the right and left knees. As to the study group defects of the medial and lateral condyles of the right knee were used which were filled with Biopolymer Sugar Cane Gel; as to the Control Group defects of the medial and lateral condyles of the left t knees were used which were left open for natural healing. The defects were analyzed at 90, 120 and 180 days after surgery. After euthanasia, the knees were removed and fixed in Bouin's solution for later digital photographic documentation with a digital camera. The areas healed were measured in both the study and control groups using the images obtained from an Image-J® program. Statistical analysis was conducted using the non-parametric Mann-Whitney test. RESULTS: There were no significant differences between the means of the healed areas in the study and control groups at 90, 120 and 180 days after surgery. CONCLUSION: The dimension of the healed areas of the defects treated with the biopolymer sugar-cane gel in the study group was similar to those of the control group, which healed naturally.

scholarly journals Biomonitoring Data for Assessing Aflatoxins and Ochratoxin A Exposure by Italian Feedstuffs Workers

Toxins ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 351 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara De Santis ◽  
Francesca Debegnach ◽  
Elisa Sonego ◽  
Gianmarco Mazzilli ◽  
Francesca Buiarelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ochratoxin A ◽  
Statistical Difference ◽  
High Resolution Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Limit Of Quantification ◽  
Liquid Liquid Extraction ◽  
And Control

Mycotoxins exposure by inhalation and/or dermal contact is possible in different branches of industry especially where heavily dusty settings are present and the handling of dusty commodities is performed. This study aims to explore the validity of the biomonitoring as a tool to investigate the intake of mycotoxins in a population of workers operating in an Italian feed plant. Serum samples were collected for the determination of aflatoxins B1 (AFB1), AFB1-Lysine adduct and ochratoxin A (OTA). A method based on liquid–liquid extraction coupled with high resolution mass spectrometry determination was developed and fully validated. For AFB1, a high number of non-detected samples (90%) was found and no statistical difference was observed comparing workers and control group. None of the analyzed samples showed the presence of AFB1-Lysine adduct. For OTA, the 100% of the analyzed samples was positive with a 33% of the samples showing a concentration higher than the limit of quantification (LOQ), but no statistical difference was highlighted between the average levels of exposed and control groups. In conclusion, the presence of AFB1 and OTA in serum cannot be attributable to occupational exposure.

The Effects of Bone Chips Dehydrated with Solvent on Healing Bone Defects

2002 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 168-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
E Dayi ◽  
M Aslan ◽  
G Şimşek ◽  
AB Yilmaz
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Bone Healing ◽  
Bone Grafts ◽  
Bone Defects ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Bone Cortex ◽  
Healing Bone ◽  
The Right ◽  
And Control

The effect of bone chips dehydrated with solvent on the healing of bone defects was evaluated. Solvent-dehydrated spongiose bone chips were placed in experimentally formed cavities in the right back tibia of rabbits. After 10, 20 and 30 days, histopathological cross-sections from the bone grafts were examined microscopically for bone healing and formation of spongiose bone, cortex and bone marrow. Spongiose bone chips had a positive and accelerating influence on the healing of bone defects in the 10-day period after transplantation, but no significant differences were observed between the treated and control groups 20 and 30 days after transplantation.

Part 6 The Trial: Le Procès, Art.67 Rights of the accused/Droits de l’accusé

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Schabas William A
Keyword(s):  
Rome Statute ◽  
International Criminal ◽  
Criminal Court ◽  
Political Rights ◽  
Penal Codes ◽  
Constitution Type ◽  
The Right ◽  
Law Texts ◽  
And Control

This chapter comments on Article 67 of the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court. Article 67 confers the right to a ‘fair hearing’ to an ‘accused’ person ‘[i]n the determination of any charge’. Article 67 closely resembles article 14(3) of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights as well as fair trial clauses found in national constitutions. It is not, however, a typical provision found within criminal or penal codes as such. In effect, such texts generally belong in constitution-type instruments, where their role is hierarchically superior to the criminal law texts that they frame and control.

scholarly journals Ultrasonography of the Vagus Nerve in the Diagnosis of Parkinson’s Disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Ovidijus Laucius ◽  
Renata Balnytė ◽  
Kęstutis Petrikonis ◽  
Vaidas Matijošaitis ◽  
Neringa Jucevičiūtė ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Vagus Nerve ◽  
Motor Symptom ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Dorsal Nucleus ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Right ◽  
And Control

Background. It is currently impossible to diagnose Parkinson’s disease (PD) in the premotor phase even though at the time of motor symptom onset the number of already degenerated dopaminergic substantia nigra neurons is considerable. Degeneration of the dorsal nucleus of the vagus nerve (VN) has been reported early in the disease course, and it could lead to impaired function of the VN, resulting in certain nonmotor symptoms of PD. Therefore, we raised a hypothesis that the loss of VN neurons could result in a smaller diameter of the VN among PD patients. Methods. 20 PD patients and 20 age- and gender-matched individuals without any neurodegenerative disease were enrolled in a pilot study. The diameters of the right and left VNs were measured using ultrasonography, their average was calculated, and the narrower VN diameter was noted separately. Results. No difference was found between the PD and control groups neither in the average VN diameter (mean 1.17; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.10–1.24 vs. 1.13; 1.07–1.18, mm; p=0.353) nor in the narrower VN diameter (mean 1.11; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.02–1.20 vs. 1.07; 1.02–1.13, mm; p=0.421). The narrower VN diameter and the average VN diameter were not able to distinguish between PD patients and controls (area under curve (AUC) = 0.588, 95% CI = 0.408–0.767, and p=0.344; and AUC = 0.578, 95% CI = 0.396–0.759, and p=0.402). Conclusions. To conclude, no differences were found in VN diameter between the PD and control groups. Therefore, our data do not support the hypothesis that PD could be associated with a smaller diameter of the VN.

scholarly journals Reduction of Escherichia coli O157:H7 Populations in Cattle by Addition of Colicin E7-Producing E. coli to Feed

2004 ◽  
Vol 70 (10) ◽  
pp. 6053-6060 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerry P. Schamberger ◽  
Ronald L. Phillips ◽  
Jennifer L. Jacobs ◽  
Francisco Diez-Gonzalez
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Fecal Shedding ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Colicin E7 ◽  
Maximum Decrease ◽  
And Control

ABSTRACT A cattle trial using artificially inoculated calves was conducted to determine the effect of the addition of colicinogenic Escherichia coli strains capable of producing colicin E7 (a 61-kDa DNase) to feed on the fecal shedding of serotype O157:H7. The experiment was divided into three periods. In period 1, which lasted 24 days, six calves were used as controls, and eight calves received 107 CFU of E. coli (a mixture of eight colicinogenic E. coli strains) per g of feed. Both groups were orally inoculated with nalidixic acid-resistant E. coli O157:H7 strains 7 days after the treatment started. In periods 2 and 3, the treatment and control groups were switched, and the colicinogenic E. coli dose was increased 10-fold. During period 3, which lasted as long as period 1, both groups were reinoculated with E. coli O157:H7. The numbers of E. coli O157:H7 were consistently greater in the control groups during the three periods, but comparisons within each time period determined a statistically significant (P < 0.05) difference only at day 21 of period 1. However, when the daily average counts were compared between the period 1 control group and the period 3 treatment group that included the same six animals, an overall reduction of 1.1 log10 CFU/g was observed, with a maximum decrease of 1.8 log10 CFU/g at day 21 (overall statistical significance, P = 0.001). Serotype O157:H7 was detected in 44% of the treatment group's intestinal tissue samples and in 64% of those from the control group (P < 0.04). These results indicated that the daily addition of 108 CFU of colicin E7-producing E. coli per gram of feed could reduce the fecal shedding of serotype O157:H7.

scholarly journals Metaphor Comprehension and Interpretation in Cleft Palate Children Aged 6–9

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 266-286
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Konopka ◽  
Ewa Pisula ◽  
Emilia Łojek ◽  
Piotr Fudalej
Keyword(s):  
Cleft Palate ◽  
Figurative Language ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Intelligence Scale ◽  
Metaphor Comprehension ◽  
Polish Version ◽  
Test Picture ◽  
The Right ◽  
And Control

Abstract The level of metaphor comprehension and interpretation was investigated in a sample of children with cleft palate (CP), aged 6;0-8;11, and healthy controls matched with age, sex, socioeconomic status, and IQ level. The Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children - Revised (WISC-R) was used to evaluate the children’s cognitive functioning, and the metaphor tests from a modified version of the Right Hemisphere Language Battery - Polish version (RHLB-PL) were used to assess comprehension of figurative language. The CP and control groups differed significantly in Verbal IQ values and in performance in the Vocabulary test, Comprehension test, Picture Metaphor Explanation test, and Written Metaphor Explanation test. In both metaphor explanation tests, children with CP gave fewer responses than controls. The results suggest no differences between children with CP and controls in understanding figurative language, although they point to weaker performance in communicating responses and producing statements in the CP children group.

Carotico-vertebral Doppler Ultrasonography in Patients with Idiopathic Vertigo

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 511-516
Author(s):  
Sanem Okşan Erkan ◽  
Nuray Bayar Muluk ◽  
Birgül Tuhanioğlu ◽  
Talih Özdaş ◽  
Muhammet Arslan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vertebral Artery ◽  
Doppler Ultrasonography ◽  
Intima Media Thickness ◽  
Hemispheric Dominance ◽  
Left Vertebral Artery ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Media Thickness ◽  
The Right ◽  
And Control

Background: In the present study, we investigated the relationship between caroticovertebral Doppler USG measurement results and Vertigo Symptom Scale-Short Form (VSS-SF) in patients with idiopathic vertigo. Methods: Fifty patients with idiopathic vertigo and 30 healthy subjects were included into the study. Ear, Nose & Throat (ENT) examination, audiological examination, routine hemogram, biochemichal tests and temporal magnetic resonance imaging were performed to diagnose “idiopathic vertigo”. By carotico-vertebral Doppler ultrasonography (USG), common carotid artery (CCA) area, intima media thickness; and vertebral artery dimension were measured on the right and left side of the study and control groups. Results: CCA area values were not different between the study and control groups; and between the right and left sides of the each group. On the left side, intima media thickness and vertebral artery dimension values of the vertigo group were significantly higher than those of the control group. Correlation tests showed that CCA area and intima media thickness values on the right and left side were positively correlated with each other. Moreover, in patients with higher right; or left intima media thickness values, left vertebral artery dimensions decreased. Older age was associated with higher intima media thickness in right and left sides. When CCA values decreased on the right side, VSS-SF values increased; and patients’ complaints for vertigo got higher. Linear regression analysis (Backward LR) results also showed that the significant compounding factor on VSS-SF was right CCA area. As right CCA area decreased, VSS-SF increased with more vertigo complaints. Whereas, vertigo complaints and VSS-SF decreased when right CCA increased. Conclusion: We concluded that a decrease in the right CCA were linked with higher VSS-SF scores and increasing vertigo symptoms. Whereas, a decrease in the left CCA area and left crabial blood supply are more important related to the left hemispheric dominance in right-handed people. Moreover, an increase in the intima media thickness was also detected in the vertigo patients and it probably causes a decrease in the central blood flow.

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