scholarly journals Effects of a Diet Enriched with Polyunsaturated, Saturated, or Trans Fatty Acids on Cytokine Content in the Liver, White Adipose Tissue, and Skeletal Muscle of Adult Mice

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruno dos Santos ◽  
Debora Estadella ◽  
Ana Cláudia Losinskas Hachul ◽  
Marcos Hiromu Okuda ◽  
Mayara Franzoi Moreno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Free Fatty Acids ◽  
White Adipose Tissue ◽  
Gastrocnemius Muscle ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Adult Mice ◽  
Retroperitoneal Adipose Tissue

This study analyzed the effect of diet enriched with 30% lipids on cytokines content in different tissues. Swiss male mice were distributed into four groups treated for 8 weeks with control (C, normolipidic diet); soybean oil (S); lard (L); and hydrogenated vegetable fat (H). We observed an increase in carcass fat in groups S and L, and the total amount of fatty deposits was only higher in group L compared with C group. The serum levels of free fatty acids were lower in the L group, and insulin, adiponectin, lipid profile, and glucose levels were similar among the groups. IL-10 was lower in group L in mesenteric and retroperitoneal adipose tissues. H reduced IL-10 only in retroperitoneal adipose tissue. There was an increase in IL-6 in the gastrocnemius muscle of the L group, and a positive correlation between TNF-αand IL-10 was observed in the livers of groups C, L, and H and in the muscles of all groups studied. The results suggested relationships between the quantity and quality of lipids ingested with adiposity, the concentration of free fatty acids, and cytokine production in white adipose tissue, gastrocnemius muscle, and liver.

scholarly journals The ANGPTL3-4-8 model, a molecular mechanism for triglyceride trafficking

Open Biology ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 150272 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ren Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Free Fatty Acids ◽  
White Adipose Tissue ◽  
Skeletal Muscles ◽  
General Framework ◽  
Peripheral Tissues ◽  
Specific Regulation ◽  
Rate Limiting

Lipoprotein lipase (LPL) is a rate-limiting enzyme for hydrolysing circulating triglycerides (TG) into free fatty acids that are taken up by peripheral tissues. Postprandial LPL activity rises in white adipose tissue (WAT), but declines in the heart and skeletal muscle, thereby directing circulating TG to WAT for storage; the reverse is true during fasting. However, the mechanism for the tissue-specific regulation of LPL activity during the fed–fast cycle has been elusive. Recent identification of lipasin/angiopoietin-like 8 (Angptl8), a feeding-induced hepatokine, together with Angptl3 and Angptl4, provides intriguing, yet puzzling, insights, because all the three Angptl members are LPL inhibitors, and the deficiency (overexpression) of any one causes hypotriglyceridaemia (hypertriglyceridaemia). Then, why does nature need all of the three? Our recent data that Angptl8 negatively regulates LPL activity specifically in cardiac and skeletal muscles suggest an Angptl3-4-8 model: feeding induces Angptl8, activating the Angptl8–Angptl3 pathway, which inhibits LPL in cardiac and skeletal muscles, thereby making circulating TG available for uptake by WAT, in which LPL activity is elevated owing to diminished Angptl4; the reverse is true during fasting, which suppresses Angptl8 but induces Angptl4, thereby directing TG to muscles. The model suggests a general framework for how TG trafficking is regulated.

scholarly journals Mutation yellow in agouti loci prevents age-related increase of skeletal muscle genes regulating free fatty acids oxidation

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 265-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. V. Piskunova ◽  
A. Y. Kazantceva ◽  
A. V. Baklanov ◽  
N. M. Bazhan
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Free Fatty Acids ◽  
Glucose Uptake ◽  
White Adipose Tissue ◽  
Uncoupling Protein ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
Ay Mice

The lethal yellow mutation in agouti loci (Ay mutation) reduces the activity of melanocortin (MC) receptors and causes hyperphagia, obesity and type two diabetes mellitus in aging mice (Ay mice). It is unknown if changes in distinct elements of the metabolic system such as white adipose tissue (WAT) and brown adipose tissue (BAT), and skeletal muscle will manifest before the development of obesity. The aim of this work was to measure the relative gene expression of key proteins that regulate carbohydrate-lipid metabolism in WAT, BAT and skeletal muscle in Ay mice before the development of obesity. C57Bl/6J mice bearing a dominant autosomal mutation Ay (Ay /a mice) and mice of the standard genotype (a/a mice, control) have been studied in three age groups: 10, 15 and 30 weeks. The relative mRNA level of genes was measured by real-time PCR in skeletal muscles (uncoupling protein 3 (Ucp3) and carnitine palmitoyl transferase 1b (Cpt1b) (free fatty acids oxidation), solute carrier family 2 (facilitated glucose transporter), member 4 (Slc2a4) (glucose uptake)), in WAT lipoprotein lipase (Lpl) (triglyceride deposition), hormone-sensitive lipase (Lipe) (lipid mobilization), and Slc2a4 (glucose uptake)), and in BAT: uncoupling protein 1 (Ucp1) (energy expenditure). The expression of Cpt1b was reduced in young Ay mice (10 weeks), there was no transient peak of transcription of Cpt1b, Ucp3 in skeletal muscle tissue and Lipe, Slc2a4 in WAT in early adult Ay mice (15 weeks), which was noted in а/а mice. Reduction of the transcriptional activity of the studied genes in skeletal muscle and white adipose tissue can initiate the development of melanocortin obesity in Ay mice.

Lowering of Circulating Free-Fatty Acids Levels and Reduced Expression of Leptin in White Adipose Tissue in Postobesity Status

2002 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 207-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aldo V. Greco ◽  
Geltrude Mingrone ◽  
Roberto Vettor ◽  
Melania Manco ◽  
Giuseppina Rosa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Free Fatty Acids ◽  
White Adipose Tissue

The Relationship of Fasting Free Fatty Acids, Adipose Tissue, Insulin Resistance, and Fasting Glucose Concentrations with Subsequent ß-Cell Function in Nondiabetic Subjects

Diabetes ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 67 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 1812-P
Author(s):  
MARIA D. HURTADO ◽  
J.D. ADAMS ◽  
MARCELLO C. LAURENTI ◽  
CHIARA DALLA MAN ◽  
CLAUDIO COBELLI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Free Fatty Acids ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Fasting Glucose ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

scholarly journals Release of free fatty acids from adipose tissue obtained from newborn infants

1965 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-95
Author(s):  
Milan Novák ◽  
Václav Melichar ◽  
Petr Hahn ◽  
Otakar Koldovský
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Free Fatty Acids ◽  
Newborn Infants

Influence of dietary fatty acids on adipose tissue composition and subsequent eating quality of finishing pigs

1996 ◽  
Vol 1996 ◽  
pp. 155-155
Author(s):  
M S Redshaw ◽  
J Wiseman ◽  
D J A Cole ◽  
J D Wood ◽  
M Enser ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Profile ◽  
Sensory Quality ◽  
Dietary Fatty Acids ◽  
Eating Quality ◽  
Finishing Pigs ◽  
Tissue Composition

It is well established that the fatty acid combustion of adipose issue in pigs (non-ruminants) may be manipulated by changes in the fatty acid profile of the diets. The objective of this program of work was to quantify the responses of adipose depots of finishing pigs to changes in the level and profile of dietary fatty acids and to relate these changes to the sensory quality of meat as determined by taste panel.

Edible Red Seaweed Campylaephora Hypnaeoides J. Agardh Alleviates Obesity and Related Metabolic Disorders in Mice by Suppressing Oxidative Stress and Inflammatory Response

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shigeru Murakami ◽  
Chihiro Hirazawa ◽  
Rina Yoshikawa ◽  
Toshiki Mizutani ◽  
Takuma Ohya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Hepatic Steatosis ◽  
White Adipose Tissue ◽  
Metabolic Disorders ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Diet Group ◽  
Raw264.7 Cells ◽  
Edible Seaweed

Abstract Background: The obesity epidemic has become a serious public health problem in many countries worldwide. Seaweed has few calories and is rich in active nutritional components necessary for health promotion and disease prevention. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of the Campylaephora hypnaeoides J. Agardh (C. hypnaeoides), an edible seaweed traditionally eaten in Japan, on high-fat (HF) diet-induced obesity and related metabolic diseases in mice.Methods: Male C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into the following groups: normal diet group, HF diet group, HF diet supplemented with 2% C. hypnaeoides, and HF diet supplemented with 6% C. hypnaeoides. After 13 weeks of treatment, the weight of the white adipose tissue and liver, and the serum levels of glucose, insulin, adipokines, and lipids were measured. Hepatic levels of adipokines, oxidant markers, and antioxidant markers were also determined. Insulin resistance was assessed by a glucose tolerance test. Polysaccharides of C. hypnaeoides were purified and their molecular weight was determined by high-performance seize exclusion chromatography. The anti-inflammatory effects of purified polysaccharides were evaluated in RAW264.7 cells. Results: Treatment of HF diet-induced obese mice with C. hypnaeoides for 13 weeks suppressed the increase in body weight and white adipose tissue weight. It also ameliorated insulin resistance, diabetes, hepatic steatosis, and hypercholesterolemia. The ingestion of an HF diet increased serum levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), tumor necrosis factor a (TNF-a), and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), while it decreased serum adiponectin levels. In the liver, an HF diet markedly increased the MDA, TNF-a, and interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels, while it decreased glutathione (GSH) and superoxide dismutase (SOD). These metabolic changes induced by HF diet feeding were ameliorated by dietary C. hypnaeoides. Purified polysaccharides and ethanol extract from C. hypnaeoides inhibited the lipopolysaccharide-induced overproduction of nitric oxide and TNF-a in macrophage RAW264.7 cells. Conclusions: The present results indicated that C. hypnaeoides was able to alleviate HF diet-induced metabolic disorders, including obesity, diabetes, hepatic steatosis, and hypercholesterolemia by attenuating inflammation and improving the antioxidant capacity in mice. Polysaccharides and polyphenols may be involved in these beneficial effects of C. hypnaeoides.

scholarly journals Metabolism and secretory function of white adipose tissue: effect of dietary fat

2009 ◽  
Vol 81 (3) ◽  
pp. 453-466 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cláudia M. Oller do Nascimento ◽  
Eliane B. Ribeiro ◽  
Lila M. Oyama
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
White Adipose Tissue ◽  
Dietary Fat ◽  
Dietary Fatty Acids ◽  
Secretory Function ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Adipose Tissue Metabolism ◽  
Tissue Metabolism

Approximately 40% of the total energy consumed by western populations is represented by lipids, most of them being ingested as triacylglycerols and phospholipids. The focus of this review is to analyze the effect of the type of dietary fat on white adipose tissue metabolism and secretory function, particularly on haptoglobin, TNF-α, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 and adiponectin secretion. Previous studies have demonstrated that the duration of the exposure to the high-fat feeding, amount of fatty acid present in the diet and the type of fatty acid may or may not have a significant effect on adipose tissue metabolism. However, the long-term or short-term high fat diets, especially rich in saturated fatty acids, probably by activation of toll-like receptors, stimulated the expression of proinflammatory adipokines and inhibited adiponectin expression. Further studies are needed to investigate the cellular mechanisms by which dietary fatty acids affect white adipose tissue metabolism and secretory functions.

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