scholarly journals Marine Invertebrate Natural Products for Anti-Inflammatory and Chronic Diseases

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kalimuthu Senthilkumar ◽  
Se-Kwon Kim
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Marine Invertebrates ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Marine Invertebrate ◽  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
Multiple Cell ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Hiv And Cancer ◽  
Immunodeficiency Syndrome

The marine environment represents a relatively available source of functional ingredients that can be applied to various aspects of food processing, storage, and fortification. Moreover, numerous marine invertebrates based compounds have biological activities and also interfere with the pathogenesis of diseases. Isolated compounds from marine invertebrates have been shown to pharmacological activities and are helpful for the invention and discovery of bioactive compounds, primarily for deadly diseases like cancer, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), osteoporosis, and so forth. Extensive research within the last decade has revealed that most chronic illnesses such as cancer, neurological diseases, diabetes, and autoimmune diseases exhibit dysregulation of multiple cell signaling pathways that have been linked to inflammation. On the basis of their bioactive properties, this review focuses on the potential use of marine invertebrate derived compounds on anti-inflammatory and some chronic diseases such as cardiovascular disease, osteoporosis, diabetes, HIV, and cancer.

scholarly journals Immunomodulatory and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Fucoidan: A Review

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 2338
Author(s):  
Elisaveta Apostolova ◽  
Paolina Lukova ◽  
Alexandra Baldzhieva ◽  
Plamen Katsarov ◽  
Mariana Nikolova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Defense Mechanism ◽  
Marine Invertebrates ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Initial Response ◽  
Lymphocyte Adhesion ◽  
Composition And Structure ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Factor Α

Inflammation is the initial response of the immune system to potentially harmful stimuli (e.g., injury, stress, and infections). The process involves activation of macrophages and neutrophils, which produce mediators, such as nitric oxide (NO), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines. The pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin 6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) are considered as biomarkers of inflammation. Even though it occurs as a physiological defense mechanism, its involvement in the pathogenesis of various diseases is reported. Rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, Alzheimer’s disease, and cardiovascular diseases are only a part of the diseases, in which pathogenesis the chronic inflammation is involved. Fucoidans are complex polysaccharides from brown seaweeds and some marine invertebrates, composed mainly of l-fucose and sulfate ester groups and minor amounts of neutral monosaccharides and uronic acids. Algae-derived fucoidans are studied intensively during the last years regarding their multiple biological activities and possible therapeutic potential. However, the source, species, molecular weight, composition, and structure of the polysaccharides, as well as the route of administration of fucoidans, could be crucial for their effects. Fucoidan is reported to act on different stages of the inflammatory process: (i) blocking of lymphocyte adhesion and invasion, (ii) inhibition of multiple enzymes, and (iii) induction of apoptosis. In this review, we focused on the immunemodulating and anti-inflammatory effects of fucoidans derived from macroalgae and the models used for their evaluation. Additional insights on the molecular structure of the compound are included.

scholarly journals Aids-related progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy: a retrospective study in a referral center in São Paulo, Brazil

2008 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 209-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
José E. Vidal ◽  
Augusto C. Penalva de Oliveira ◽  
Maria Cristina D. S. Fink ◽  
Cláudio S. Pannuti ◽  
J. Roberto Trujillo
Keyword(s):  
Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy ◽  
Opportunistic Infections ◽  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Referral Center ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency ◽  
Few Data ◽  
Immunodeficiency Syndrome

Few data are available about progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) from Brazil. The objectives of this study were to describe the main features of patients with PML and estimate its frequency among AIDS patients with central nervous system (CNS) opportunistic diseases admitted to the Instituto de Infectologia Emílio Ribas, São Paulo, Brazil, from April 2003 to April 2004. A retrospective and descriptive study was performed. Twelve (6%) cases of PML were identified among 219 patients with neurological diseases. The median age of patients with PML was 36 years and nine (75%) were men. Nine (75%) patients were not on antiretroviral therapy at admission. The most common clinical manifestations were: focal weakness (75%), speech disturbances (58%), visual disturbances (42%), cognitive dysfunction (42%), and impaired coordination (42%). The median CD4+ T-cell count was 45 cells/µL. Eight (67%) of 12 patients were laboratory-confirmed with PML and four (33%) were possible cases. Eleven (92%) presented classic PML and only one case had immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS)-related PML. In four (33%) patients, PML was the first AIDS-defining illness. During hospitalization, three patients (25%) died as a result of nosocomial pneumonia and nine (75%) were discharged to home. Cases of PML were only exceeded by cases of cerebral toxoplasmosis, cryptococcal meningoencephalitis, and CNS tuberculosis, the three more frequent neurologic opportunistic infections in Brazil. The results of this study suggest that PML is not an uncommon HIV-related neurologic disorder in a referral center in Brazil.

Oxadiazole-An Important Bioactive Scaffold for Drug Discovery and Development Process Against HIV and Cancer- A Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 271-279 ◽  
Author(s):  
Davinder Kumar ◽  
Virender Kumar ◽  
Rakesh Marwaha ◽  
Gajendra Singh
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Integrase ◽  
Structural Modifications ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Privileged Structure ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Oxadiazole Derivatives ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency ◽  
Hiv And Cancer ◽  
Immunodeficiency Syndrome ◽  
Anti Hiv

Background: Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and cancer treatment have been a major task for research scientists and pharmaceutical industry for the last many years. Seeking to the development, many promising chemical entities especially five-membered heterocyclic rings like oxadiazole have revealed good anticancer and anti HIV activities. The current review enlists some recently developed anti-HIV and anti-cancer oxadiazole moieties. Methods: on the basis of structural modification for the syntheses of new oxadiazole analogs, the new anti-HIV and anti-cancer agents have been summarized, which can improve treatment of AIDs and cancer. Results: The oxadiazole ring is more potent in comparison to some other heterocyclic rings (five and six membered) towards anti-HIV and anti-cancer activities. The important mechanisms involved for anti HIV and anticancer activity are mainly inhibition of enzymes like protease, HIV-integrase, telomerase, histone deacetylase, methionine amino peptidase, thymidylate synthase and focal adhesion kinase and inhibition of some growth factors. Conclusion: By reviving the past literature about 50 most potent oxadiazole derivatives, depending upon activity and structural modifications, have been selected as potent anti-HIV, and anti-cancer agents. Thus, oxadiazole seems to be a ‘privileged structure’ for further screening and syntheses of the new drug analogs against life threatening HIV and cancer like diseases.

scholarly journals SYNTHESIS AND BIOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF NOVEL (2-OXO-3-(ARYLIMINO) INDOLIN-1-YL)-N-ARYL PROPANAMIDES AS ANTI-HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY AGENTS

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 318
Author(s):  
Biplab Debnath ◽  
Ping Wang ◽  
Liu-meng Yang ◽  
Yong-tang Zheng ◽  
Swastika Ganguly
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activities ◽  
Biological Evaluation ◽  
Western World ◽  
Mass Tourism ◽  
Chemical Structures ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Endogenous Compound ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency ◽  
Modern Mass ◽  
Immunodeficiency Syndrome

Objective: Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) was first identified in the Western world in 1981. Since then, AIDS has been increasingly wide spreading, its rapid worldwide dissemination brought about by modern mass tourism. Isatin (1 H-indole-2, 3-Dione), an endogenous compound identified in many organisms, shows a wide range of biological activities. In view of the above details, we wish to report the synthesis and evaluation of novel isatin analogs, as promising anti-human immunodeficiency (HIV) agents.Methods: A series of novel isatin analogs (3a-3p) were synthesized, and their chemical structures were confirmed by nuclear magnetic resonance:1H, 13C, ESI-MS spectral data, and CHNS.Results: The compounds were evaluated as inhibitors of HIV type-1 in MT-4 cell cultures. Of these sixteen compounds, only 5 compounds showed potent anti-HIV activity.Conclusion: Evaluation of compound properties in silico showed that they possess significant drug-like characteristics.

Comparative Docking Studies: A Drug Design Tool for Some Pyrazine- Thiazolidinone Based Derivatives for Anti-HIV Activity

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 252-258 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kalyani Dhirendra Asgaonkar ◽  
Shital Manoj Patil ◽  
Trupti Sameer Chitre ◽  
Vaibhav Nanabhau Ghegade ◽  
Saurabh Radhaji Jadhav ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activities ◽  
Docking Study ◽  
Docking Studies ◽  
Design Tool ◽  
Binding Behavior ◽  
Docking Method ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency ◽  
Immunodeficiency Syndrome ◽  
Anti Hiv

<P>Background: Acquired immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) is caused by Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). Pyrazine and Thiazolidinone pharmacophore has diverse biological activities including anti HIV activity. </P><P> Aims and Objectives: To study binding behavior of Pyrazine- thiazolidinone derivatives on four different crystal structures of HIV- 1RT.These molecules which were already reported as anti-TB were investigated for dual activity as Anti-HIV and Anti-TB. </P><P> Materials and Methods: In the present study we describe a comparative docking study of twentythree derivatives of N-(4-oxo-2 substituted thiazolidin-3-yl) pyrazine-2-carbohydrazide. Binding pattern of these derivatives was gauged by molecular docking studies on four different receptors bearing PDB code 1ZD1, 1RT2, 1FKP and 1FK9 of HIV–RT enzyme using V. Life MDS software Genetic algorithm docking method. </P><P> Result and Discussion: The studies revealed hydrogen bonds, hydrophobic interaction and pi-pi interactions playing significant role in binding of the molecules to the enzyme. Conclusion: Most of the molecules have shown good dock score and binding energy with anti-HIV receptors but Molecules 13 and 14 have potential to act as anti-tubercular and Anti HIV and hence can be further explored for dual activity.</P>

scholarly journals Exploring Marine Cyanobacteria for Lead Compounds of Pharmaceutical Importance

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bushra Uzair ◽  
Sobia Tabassum ◽  
Madiha Rasheed ◽  
Saima Firdous Rehman
Keyword(s):  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Structural Diversity ◽  
Marine Cyanobacteria ◽  
Pharmacological Activities ◽  
Lead Compounds ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
Immunodeficiency Syndrome ◽  
Excellent Source

The Ocean, which is called the “mother of origin of life,” is also the source of structurally unique natural products that are mainly accumulated in living organisms. Cyanobacteria are photosynthetic prokaryotes used as food by humans. They are excellent source of vitamins and proteins vital for life. Several of these compounds show pharmacological activities and are helpful for the invention and discovery of bioactive compounds, primarily for deadly diseases like cancer, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), arthritis, and so forth, while other compounds have been developed as analgesics or to treat inflammation, and so forth. They produce a large variety of bioactive compounds, including substances with anticancer and antiviral activity, UV protectants, specific inhibitors of enzymes, and potent hepatotoxins and neurotoxins. Many cyanobacteria produce compounds with potent biological activities. This paper aims to showcase the structural diversity of marine cyanobacterial secondary metabolites with a comprehensive coverage of alkaloids and other applications of cyanobacteria.

scholarly journals Metal–Curcumin Complexes in Therapeutics: An Approach to Enhance Pharmacological Effects of Curcumin

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (13) ◽  
pp. 7094
Author(s):  
Sahdeo Prasad ◽  
Dan DuBourdieu ◽  
Ajay Srivastava ◽  
Prafulla Kumar ◽  
Rajiv Lall
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Nickel Iron ◽  
Antiapoptotic Proteins ◽  
Health Promoting ◽  
Hydrophobic Nature ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Therapeutic Activities ◽  
Palladium Platinum

Curcumin, an active component of the rhizome turmeric, has gained much attention as a plant-based compound with pleiotropic pharmacological properties. It possesses anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, hypoglycemic, antimicrobial, neuroprotective, and immunomodulatory activities. However, the health-promoting utility of curcumin is constrained due to its hydrophobic nature, water insolubility, poor bioavailability, rapid metabolism, and systemic elimination. Therefore, an innovative stride was taken, and complexes of metals with curcumin have been synthesized. Curcumin usually reacts with metals through the β-diketone moiety to generate metal–curcumin complexes. It is well established that curcumin strongly chelates several metal ions, including boron, cobalt, copper, gallium, gadolinium, gold, lanthanum, manganese, nickel, iron, palladium, platinum, ruthenium, silver, vanadium, and zinc. In this review, the pharmacological, chemopreventive, and therapeutic activities of metal–curcumin complexes are discussed. Metal–curcumin complexes increase the solubility, cellular uptake, and bioavailability and improve the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and antiviral effects of curcumin. Metal–curcumin complexes have also demonstrated efficacy against various chronic diseases, including cancer, arthritis, osteoporosis, and neurological disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease. These biological activities of metal–curcumin complexes were associated with the modulation of inflammatory mediators, transcription factors, protein kinases, antiapoptotic proteins, lipid peroxidation, and antioxidant enzymes. In addition, metal–curcumin complexes have shown usefulness in biological imaging and radioimaging. The future use of metal–curcumin complexes may represent a new approach in the prevention and treatment of chronic diseases.

Immunogold labeling of Pneumocystis carinii for Electron microscopy

1991 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
pp. 270-271
Author(s):  
Michael P. Goheen ◽  
Marilyn S. Bartlett ◽  
James W. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Pneumocystis Carinii ◽  
Severe Pneumonia ◽  
Culture Fluid ◽  
Immunogold Labeling ◽  
Antigenic Sites ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Response To Chemotherapy ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency ◽  
Immunodeficiency Syndrome

Studies of the biology of Pneumocystis carinii (PC) are of increasing importance because this extracellular pathogen is a frequent source of severe pneumonia in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and is a leading cause of mortality in these patients. Immunoelectron microscopic localization of antigenic sites on the surface of PC would improve the understanding of these sites and their role in pathenogenisis of the disease and response to chemotherapy. The purpose of this study was to develop a methodology for visualizing immunoreactive sites on PC with transmission electron microscopy (TEM) using immunogold labeled probes.Trophozoites of PC were added to spinner flask cultures and allowed to grow for 7 days, then aliquots of tissue culture fluid were centrifuged at 12,000 RPM for 30 sec. Pellets of organisims were fixed in either 1% glutaraldehyde, 0.1% glutaraldehyde-4% paraformaldehyde, or 4% paraformaldehyde for 4h. All fixatives were buffered with 0.1M Na cacodylate and the pH adjusted to 7.1. After fixation the pellets were rinsed in 0.1M Na cacodylate (3X), dehydrated with ethanol, and immersed in a 1:1 mixture of 95% ethanol and LR White resin.

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