scholarly journals Quality Assessment of Serially Ultradiluted and Agitated Drug Digitalis purpurea by Emission Spectroscopy and Clinical Analysis of Its Effect on the Heart Rate of Indian Bufo melanostictus

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Anup Sharma ◽  
Bulbul Purkait
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Quality Assessment ◽  
Intraperitoneal Administration ◽  
Emission Spectra ◽  
Clinical Analysis ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Bufo Melanostictus ◽  
Digitalis Purpurea

The investigation of ultradiluted (homeopathic) drugs is extremely interesting and challenging, and from that point of view this study shows novelty. A study of in vivo changes in heart rate of the Indian Bufo melanostictus caused by commercially available serially ultra-diluted and agitated extract of Digitalis purpurea has been tried in order to understand their pharmacological role. RR interval (of ECG) was compared after intraperitoneal administration of serially diluted and agitated Digitalis purpurea extract, diluent rectified spirit, and Digoxin in anesthetized animals. The study revealed statistically significant changes in the heart rate after application of these drugs except in case of Digoxin and the 200th serial dilution of Digitalis purpurea. The duration of RR intervals after application of the drugs was corroborative of the effect of Digoxin and Digitalis purpurea extract up to 30th dilution. Emission spectra were obtained for the experimental ultra-diluted Digitalis purpurea extract and Digoxin to identify and characterize them. The observed RR pattern and emission spectra show an association. The quality assessment of the commercial ultra-diluted organic drugs obtained from natural products may be initiated by monitoring in vivo studies on animal models.

In vivo studies on the conversion of m-tyrosine to 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine in the rat

1977 ◽  
Vol 55 (10) ◽  
pp. 1103-1107 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. H. Tong ◽  
R. G. Smyth ◽  
N. L. Benoiton ◽  
A. D'Iorio
Keyword(s):  
Rat Brain ◽  
Enzyme Inhibitors ◽  
Phenylalanine Hydroxylase ◽  
Intraperitoneal Administration ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Dopa Decarboxylase ◽  
Decarboxylase Inhibitor ◽  
Specific Enzyme ◽  
Dihydroxyphenylacetic Acid

The question whether m-tyrosine can give rise to catechols in vivo has been investigated using labelled precursor. DL-[2-l4C]m-tyrosine (38 μCi/mmol (1 Ci = 37 GBq)) was synthesized from [2-14C]glycine. Radioactive catechols in rat brain, liver, and kidneys were examined 15 min after intraperitoneal administration of DL-[2-14C]m-tyrosine (100 mg/kg). The kidney was the only organ which showed demonstrable amounts of radioactive catechols, and about 14% of the catechols formed was identified as 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (dopa), 22% as 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid, and 56% as dopamine. However, when the animals were pretreated with dopa decarboxylase inhibitor, labelled catechols were also observed in liver and brain, and dopa accounted for over 95% of the catechols formed in all three organs examined. Thus it is clear that m-tyrosine can be hydroxylated in vivo. Results from experiments using [2-14C]m-tyrosine enantiomers and specific enzyme inhibitors suggest that phenylalanine hydroxylase could be the enzyme catalyzing this reaction.

scholarly journals The Comparative Analysis of Antiviral Activity of Native and Modified Fucoidans from Brown Algae Fucus evanescens In Vitro and In Vivo

Marine Drugs ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 224 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalya V. Krylova ◽  
Svetlana P. Ermakova ◽  
Vyacheslav F. Lavrov ◽  
Irina A. Leneva ◽  
Galina G. Kompanets ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antiviral Activity ◽  
Brown Algae ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Intraperitoneal Administration ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Mice Model ◽  
Dna And Rna ◽  
Antiviral Activities

The enzymatic depolymerization of fucoidans from brown algae allowed the production of their standardized derivatives with different biological activities. This work aimed to compare the antiviral activities of native (FeF) and modified with enzyme (FeHMP) fucoidans from F. evanescens. The cytotoxicity and antiviral activities of the FeF and FeHMP against herpes viruses (HSV-1, HSV-2), enterovirus (ECHO-1), and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) in Vero and human MT-4 cell lines were examined by methylthiazolyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) and cytopathic effect (CPE) reduction assays, respectively. The efficacy of fucoidans in vivo was evaluated in the outbred mice model of vaginitis caused by HSV-2. We have shown that both FeF and FeHMP significantly inhibited virus-induced CPE in vitro and were more effective against HSV. FeF exhibited antiviral activity against HSV-2 with a selective index (SI) > 40, and FeHMP with SI ˃ 20, when they were added before virus infection or at the early stages of the HSV-2 lifecycle. Furthermore, in vivo studies showed that after intraperitoneal administration (10 mg/kg), both FeF and FeHMP protected mice from lethal intravaginal HSV-2 infection to approximately the same degree (44–56%). Thus, FeF and FeHMP have comparable potency against several DNA and RNA viruses, allowing us to consider the studied fucoidans as promising broad-spectrum antivirals.

scholarly journals Hemoglobin E in Northeast India: A review on its origin, distribution, migration and health implication

2016 ◽  
Vol 79 (3) ◽  
pp. 241-263 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mithun Sikdar
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Northeast India ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Mt Dna ◽  
Hemoglobin E ◽  
Health Implication ◽  
Probable Origin

AbstractA systematic review of the studies on hemoglobin E in Northeast India has been carried out to understand the magnitude of research undertaken on this aspect during the last seven decades. Owing to the high prevalence of hemoglobin E in this part of India different authors have studied this hemoglobin from different perspectives and found conflicting results. However a systematic review of such studies is lacking from a holistic point of view. Most of the epidemiological, in vitro as well as in vivo studies show signatures of selection with this hemoglobin locus. However, how this polymorphism is maintained at different rates at different geographical region is still a matter of contention. This review will fill the gap from all perspectives starting from the frequency distribution of hemoglobin E and its spread in different parts of Northeast India, its relationship with malaria hypothesis, the population migration, population affinity and most importantly the health implication arising out of it. A probable origin of hemoglobin E among an Austroasiatic population of Northeast India has been postulated with the help of advance molecular anthropological knowledge like the deep rooted markers of mt DNA and Y-chromosome haplotypes.

5-Bromo-2′-Deoxyuridine Stimulates the Pituitary–Adrenal Axis in the Rat: An Effect Blocked Partially by Endothelin-Receptor Antagonists

1996 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 363-368 ◽  
Author(s):  
L K Malendowicz ◽  
G G Nussdorfer
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Intraperitoneal Administration ◽  
Kinetic Studies ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Receptor Subtypes ◽  
Main Mode ◽  
Marked Rise ◽  
Adrenal Axis ◽  
Pituitary Adrenal Axis

The bolus intraperitoneal administration of 5-bromo-2′-deoxyuridine (BrdU), at a dose in the range of those currently used for in vivo cell-kinetic studies, was found to provoke a marked rise in the plasma concentrations of adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH), corticosterone and aldosterone in rats. This secretagogue effect of BrdU was annulled by the chronic pretreatment of animals with dexamethasone. The prolonged administration of endothelin-1 (ET-1) raised the blood level of aldosterone (but not of ACTH or corticosterone), and did not alter the response to BrdU. The pretreatment of rats with BQ-123 or BQ-788, two specific antagonists of ET-1 receptor subtypes A and B, did not affect the plasma concentrations of ACTH, corticosterone and aldosterone, but did partially reverse the effects of BrdU. In view of these findings we concluded that BrdU activates the pituitary–adrenal axis in rats, with its main mode of action being pituitary ACTH release; and the suppressive actions of BQ-123 and BQ-788 are independent of their antagonism on ET-1 receptors, and may be due to their interference with the intra-cellular mechanism(s) mediating the secretagogue action of BrdU. This effect of BrdU may have particular relevance to in vivo studies using BrdU labelling to assess cell kinetics of tissues (e.g. lymphatic tissue) affected profoundly by adrenal steroid hormones.

Telomerase inhibition with an oligonucleotide telomerase template antagonist: in vitro and in vivo studies in multiple myeloma and lymphoma

Blood ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 103 (1) ◽  
pp. 258-266 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eunice S. Wang ◽  
Kaida Wu ◽  
Allison C. Chin ◽  
Selina Chen-Kiang ◽  
Krisztina Pongracz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Myeloma ◽  
Cell Lines ◽  
Intraperitoneal Administration ◽  
Time Frame ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Telomerase Inhibition ◽  
Non Hodgkin Lymphoma ◽  
Human Multiple Myeloma

Abstract The effects of telomerase inhibition with an oligonucleotide N3′ → P5′ thiophosphoramidate (GRN163) complementary to the telomerase template region were examined on human multiple myeloma (MM) and non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) cell lines, primary MM cells, and tumor xenografts. GRN163 treatment reduced telomerase levels in all cells and induced more rapid telomeric shortening. Continuous GRN163 treatment for 7 to 14 days resulted in proliferative arrest, morphologic changes, and apoptosis characteristic of cell crisis in tumor cell lines with short (1.7-5.4 kb) but not long (9-11 kb) telomeres. Intratumoral administration of GRN163 also inhibited the growth of MM and NHL xenografts established from cell lines with short telomeres (Hs602 lymphoma, 2.7 kb; CAG myeloma, 2.7 kb) and increased tumor apoptosis. However, GRN163 therapy of NHL xenografts established from cells with long telomeres (11.0 kb) had equivocal effects on tumor growth and did not induce apoptosis during this time frame. Systemic daily intraperitoneal administration of GRN163 in myeloma xenografts with short telomere lengths also decreased tumor telomerase levels and reduced tumor volumes. These data demonstrate that telomerase is important for the replication of mature B-cell neoplasia by stabilizing short telomeres, and they suggest that telomerase inhibition represents a novel therapeutic approach to MM and NHL.

scholarly journals CoNi alloy nanoparticles for cancer theranostics: synthesis, physical characterization, in vitro and in vivo studies

2021 ◽  
Vol 127 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Saman Sargazi ◽  
Mohammad Reza Hajinezhad ◽  
Abbas Rahdar ◽  
Mahwash Mukhtar ◽  
Milad Karamzadeh-Jahromi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Cancer ◽  
Umbilical Vein ◽  
Intraperitoneal Administration ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Magnetic Characteristics ◽  
Ferromagnetic Behavior ◽  
Alloy Nanoparticles ◽  
Histopathological Changes

AbstractNanomaterials are attracting increasing interest in many biomedical fields, including the fight against cancer. In this context, we successfully synthesized CoNi alloy nanoparticles (NPs) by a simple polyol process. The magnetic characteristics of the products were measured by vibration sample magnometry, which revealed that the samples have soft ferromagnetic behavior. The microstructure and morphology were inspected by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy, respectively. Human cancer cells derived from the breast (MCF7) and oral cavity (C152) and normal cells derived from human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were treated with increasing concentrations of CoNi NPs, and their cytotoxic effect was measured via MTT and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage assays. We found that treatments by using 12.5 to 400 µg/mL of Co0.5Ni0.5, Co0.6Ni0.4, and Co0.4Ni0.6 NPs were associated with significant concentration-dependent toxicity toward such cell lines and profoundly enhanced LDH leakage following 48 h of exposure (P < 0.05 compared with untreated cells). Besides, a NP dose of 6.25 µg/mL did not affect the survival of HUVECs while leading to marked cell death in MCF7 and C152 cells. In vivo experiments in rats were done to investigate the biochemical and histopathological changes over three weeks, following intraperitoneal administration of Co0.5Ni0.5, Co0.6Ni0.4, and Co0.4Ni0.6 NPs (100 mg/kg). As compared with the controls, the exposure to NPs caused significant elevations in aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, blood urea nitrogen, serum creatinine, serum catalase activity, serum superoxide dismutase, and liver malondialdehyde levels. Also, rats treated with Co0.6Ni0.4 NPs showed more severe histopathological changes of the liver and kidney. Our findings represent an essential step toward developing theranostic nanoplatforms for selective cancer treatment.

Pyridine levels in ceftazidime – peritoneal dialysis admixtures stored at body temperature

2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-178
Author(s):  
Tien T Nguyen ◽  
Harmanjeet Harmanjeet ◽  
Troy Wanandy ◽  
Ronald L Castelino ◽  
Kamal Sud ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Peritoneal Dialysis ◽  
Body Temperature ◽  
Degradation Products ◽  
Intraperitoneal Administration ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Daily Exposure ◽  
Continuous Dosing

Background: For the treatment of peritoneal dialysis-associated peritonitis (PDAP), ceftazidime is routinely admixed with peritoneal dialysis (PD) solutions before its intraperitoneal administration. One of the major degradation products of ceftazidime is pyridine, a potentially toxic compound. Depending on the type of PD solution, ceftazidime is exposed to an environment with acidic or basic pH, and depending on the type of dosing and individual unit practices related to preparation and storage, ceftazidime can be at body temperature for 4–10 h, resulting in potentially varying rates of degradation to pyridine by-product. No study has investigated whether the amount of generated pyridine exceeds the maximum daily exposure limit of 2 mg when ceftazidime-PD admixtures are kept at body temperature. Therefore, the current study aimed to determine the levels of pyridine generated in PD-ceftazidime admixtures kept at 37°C for various time points. Methods: Ceftazidime was admixed with 2 L Dianeal (1.5%, 2.5% and 4.25% dextrose) and 2 L Physioneal (1.36%, 2.27% and 3.86% glucose) PD solutions to obtain a concentration of 125 mg/L (continuous dosing model) or 500 mg/L (intermittent dosing model). A total of 36 PD admixtures (3 bags for each type of PD solution and 3 bags for each type of dosing) were prepared and stored at 37°C for 10 h. An aliquot was withdrawn at time 0 (baseline) and after 2, 6, 8 and 10 h of storage. The withdrawn samples were then analysed to determine the concentrations of ceftazidime and pyridine using high-performance liquid chromatography. Results: With the intermittent dosing model (500 mg/L), ceftazidime was found to be stable for only 2 and 6 h when admixed with 3.86% and 2.27% glucose Physioneal PD solutions, respectively. While ceftazidime (500 mg/L) retained more than 90% of its initial concentration in the three types of Dianeal and 1.36% dextrose Physioneal solutions for 10 and 8 h, respectively, the generated amount of pyridine ranged between approximately 290% and 371% more than the daily recommended limit. With the continuous dosing model (125 mg/L), ceftazidime was found to be stable for 6 h in all three types of Physioneal PD solutions, but the total amount of generated pyridine with four daily exchanges (6 h each) was estimated to be 170–360% over the daily recommended limit. Ceftazidime (125 mg/L) was chemically stable when admixed with three types of Dianeal PD solutions and stored at 37°C for 10 h, and the levels of pyridine were estimated to be less than the maximum recommended daily limit. Conclusions: Until the outcomes of this in vitro study are confirmed by appropriate in vivo studies, continuous dosing of ceftzadime–Dianeal admixtures for the treatment of PDAP may be preferred over continuous dosing of ceftazidime–Physioneal admixtures, and intermittent dosing of ceftazidime–Physioneal and ceftazidime–Dianeal admixtures, as ceftazidime remains stable and the generated levels of pyridine are below the maximum recommended daily exposure.

In vitro and in vivo studies of new cationic Zn(II)‐benzonaphthoporphyrazines as photosensitizers for PDT

2001 ◽  
Vol 5 (8) ◽  
pp. 645-651
Author(s):  
M. Peeva ◽  
M. Shopova ◽  
U. Michelsen ◽  
D. Wöhrle ◽  
G. Petrov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
In Vivo Studies

Effect of caffeine on theophyliine on cerebral blood flow response to brain activation: In vitro and in vivo studies

2005 ◽  
Vol 25 (1_suppl) ◽  
pp. S198-S198
Author(s):  
Joseph R Meno ◽  
Thien-son K Nguyen ◽  
Elise M Jensen ◽  
G Alexander West ◽  
Leonid Groysman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Cerebral Blood Flow ◽  
Brain Activation ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Blood Flow Response ◽  
Flow Response
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