scholarly journals Different Neural Responses to a Moral Valence Decision Task in Unipolar and Bipolar Depression

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniele Radaelli ◽  
Sara Dallaspezia ◽  
Sara Poletti ◽  
Enrico Smeraldi ◽  
Andrea Falini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Depression ◽  
Temporal Cortex ◽  
Occipital Cortex ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Decision Task ◽  
Neural Responses ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Biological Substrates ◽  
Medial Pfc ◽  
Moral Valence

Objectives. Patients affected by bipolar disorder (BP) and major depressive disorder (UP) share the susceptibility to experience depression and differ in their susceptibility to mania, but clinical studies suggest that the biological substrates of the two disorders could influence the apparently similar depressive phases. The few brain imaging studies available described different brain metabolic and neural correlates of UP and BP. Methods. We studied the BOLD neural response to a moral valence decision task targeting the depressive biases in information processing in 36 subjects (14 BP, 11 UP, and 11 controls). Results. Main differences between UP and controls and between UP and BP were detected in left ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (PFC, BA 47). Neural responses of BP patients differed from those of control subjects in multiple brain areas, including anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and medial PFC, bilateral dorsolateral PFC, temporal cortex and insula, and parietal and occipital cortex. Conclusions. Our results are in agreement with hypotheses of dysfunctions in corticolimbic circuitries regulating affects and emotions in mood disorders and suggest that specific abnormalities, particularly in ventrolateral PFC, are not the same in UP and BP depression.

Distinct neural mechanisms of emotional processing in prolonged grief disorder

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard A. Bryant ◽  
Elpiniki Andrew ◽  
Mayuresh S. Korgaonkar
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Processing ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Neural Responses ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Prolonged Grief Disorder ◽  
Prolonged Grief ◽  
Neural Processes ◽  
Dorsolateral Prefrontal ◽  
Subliminal Processing ◽  
The Brain

Abstract Background Prolonged grief disorder (PGD) has recently been recognized as a separate psychiatric diagnosis, despite controversy over the extent to which it is distinctive from posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and major depressive disorder (MDD). Methods This study investigated distinctive neural processes underpinning emotion processing in participants with PGD, PTSD, and MDD with functional magnetic resonance study of 117 participants that included PGD (n = 21), PTSD (n = 45), MDD (n = 26), and bereaved controls (BC) (n = 25). Neural responses were measured across the brain while sad, happy, or neutral faces were presented at both supraliminal and subliminal levels. Results PGD had greater activation in the pregenual anterior cingulate cortex (pgACC), bilateral insula, bilateral dorsolateral prefrontal cortices and right caudate and also greater pgACC–right pallidum connectivity relative to BC during subliminal processing of happy faces. PGD was distinct relative to both PTSD and MDD groups with greater recruitment of the medial orbitofrontal cortex during supraliminal processing of sad faces. PGD were also distinct relative to MDD (but not PTSD) with greater activation in the left amygdala, caudate, and putamen during subliminal presentation of sad faces. There was no distinction between PGD, PTSD, and MDD during processing of happy faces. Conclusions These results provide initial evidence of distinct neural profiles of PGD relative to related psychopathological conditions, and highlight activation of neural regions implicated in reward networks. This pattern of findings validates current models of PGD that emphasize the roles of yearning and appetitive processes in PGD.

scholarly journals Meta-analysis of cortical thickness abnormalities in medication-free patients with major depressive disorder

2019 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 703-712 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qian Li ◽  
Youjin Zhao ◽  
Ziqi Chen ◽  
Jingyi Long ◽  
Jing Dai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Cortical Thickness ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Temporal Cortex ◽  
Cingulate Cortex ◽  
Posterior Cingulate Cortex ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Middle Temporal Gyrus ◽  
Major Depressive

Abstract Alterations in cortical thickness have been identified in major depressive disorder (MDD), but findings have been variable and inconsistent. To date, no reliable tools have been available for the meta-analysis of surface-based morphometric (SBM) studies to effectively characterize what has been learned in previous studies, and drug treatments may have differentially impacted findings. We conducted a comprehensive meta-analysis of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies that explored cortical thickness in medication-free patients with MDD, using a newly developed meta-analytic mask compatible with seed-based d mapping (SDM) meta-analytic software. We performed the meta-regression to explore the effects of demographics and clinical characteristics on variation in cortical thickness in MDD. Fifteen studies describing 529 patients and 586 healthy controls (HCs) were included. Medication-free patients with MDD, relative to HCs, showed a complex pattern of increased cortical thickness in some areas (posterior cingulate cortex, ventromedial prefrontal cortex, and anterior cingulate cortex) and decreased cortical thickness in others (gyrus rectus, orbital segment of the superior frontal gyrus, and middle temporal gyrus). Most findings in the whole sample analysis were confirmed in a meta-analysis of studies recruiting medication-naive patients. Using the new mask specifically developed for SBM studies, this SDM meta-analysis provides evidence for regional cortical thickness alterations in MDD, mainly involving increased cortical thickness in the default mode network and decreased cortical thickness in the orbitofrontal and temporal cortex.

scholarly journals Neural systems underlying affective disorders

2003 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 446-455 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon Surguladze ◽  
Paul Keedwell ◽  
Mary Phillips
Keyword(s):  
Affective Disorders ◽  
Mood Induction ◽  
Functional Neuroimaging ◽  
Bipolar Depression ◽  
Temporal Cortex ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Neural Systems ◽  
Emotional Facial Expressions ◽  
Complex Picture ◽  
Lesion Studies

Three main approaches are used to explore the neural correlates of mood disorder: neuropsychological studies, neuroimaging studies and post-mortem investigations. Lesion studies implicate disturbances in the frontal lobe, basal ganglia, striatum and anterior temporal cortex. Early neurocognitive and neuropathological investigations led to a ‘hypofrontality’ hypothesis of unipolar and bipolar depression, but functional neuroimaging has revealed a more complex picture. Thus, increased metabolism may occur in the subgenual anterior cingulate gyrus in resting-state studies of depression and sad-mood induction. Antidepressants may reduce this activity. Amygdala hyperactivation also is associated with affective disorders. Task-related studies reveal abnormal biases in memory, the experience of pleasure and the perception of emotional facial expressions. There is still little clarity whether the abnormalities in brain activation represent state or trait characteristics of affective disorders.

scholarly journals Identification of Common Thalamocortical Dysconnectivity in Four Major Psychiatric Disorders

2018 ◽  
Vol 45 (5) ◽  
pp. 1143-1151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pei-Chi Tu ◽  
Ya Mei Bai ◽  
Cheng-Ta Li ◽  
Mu-Hong Chen ◽  
Wei-Chen Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Network Analysis ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Temporal Cortex ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Salience Network ◽  
Precentral Gyrus ◽  
The Common ◽  
Biological Substrates ◽  
Anterior Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Conjunction Analysis

Abstract Background Recent genetic and imaging analyses of large datasets suggested that common biological substrates exist across psychiatric diagnoses. Functional connectivity (FC) abnormalities of thalamocortical circuits were consistently found in patients with schizophrenia but have been less studied in other major psychiatric disorders. This study aimed to examine thalamocortical FC in 4 major psychiatric disorders to identify the common connectivity abnormalities across major psychiatric disorders. Methods This study recruited 100 patients with schizophrenia, 100 patients with bipolar I disorder, 88 patients with bipolar II disorder, 100 patients with major depressive disorder, and 160 healthy controls (HCs). Each participant underwent resting functional magnetic resonance imaging. The thalamus was used to derive FC maps, and group comparisons were made between each patient group and HCs using an independent-sample t test. Conjunction analysis was used to identify the common thalamocortical abnormalities among these 4 psychiatric disorders. Results The 4 groups of patients shared a similar pattern of thalamocortical dysconnectivity characterized by a decrease in thalamocortical FC with the dorsal anterior cingulate, anterior prefrontal cortex and inferior parietal cortex. The groups also showed an increase in FC with the postcentral gyrus, precentral gyrus, superior temporal cortex, and lateral occipital areas. Further network analysis demonstrated that the frontoparietal regions showing hypoconnectivity belonged to the salience network. Conclusion Our findings provide FC evidence that supports the common network hypothesis by identifying common thalamocortical dysconnectivities across 4 major psychiatric disorders. The network analysis also supports the cardinal role of salience network abnormalities in major psychiatric disorders.

scholarly journals Neural Evidence of Statistical Learning: Efficient Detection of Visual Regularities Without Awareness

2009 ◽  
Vol 21 (10) ◽  
pp. 1934-1945 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas B. Turk-Browne ◽  
Brian J. Scholl ◽  
Marvin M. Chun ◽  
Marcia K. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Learning ◽  
Medial Temporal Lobe ◽  
Temporal Cortex ◽  
Occipital Cortex ◽  
Relational Memory ◽  
Neural Responses ◽  
Statistical Structure ◽  
Efficient Detection ◽  
Statistical Regularities ◽  
Lateral Occipital Cortex

Our environment contains regularities distributed in space and time that can be detected by way of statistical learning. This unsupervised learning occurs without intent or awareness, but little is known about how it relates to other types of learning, how it affects perceptual processing, and how quickly it can occur. Here we use fMRI during statistical learning to explore these questions. Participants viewed statistically structured versus unstructured sequences of shapes while performing a task unrelated to the structure. Robust neural responses to statistical structure were observed, and these responses were notable in four ways: First, responses to structure were observed in the striatum and medial temporal lobe, suggesting that statistical learning may be related to other forms of associative learning and relational memory. Second, statistical regularities yielded greater activation in category-specific visual regions (object-selective lateral occipital cortex and word-selective ventral occipito-temporal cortex), demonstrating that these regions are sensitive to information distributed in time. Third, evidence of learning emerged early during familiarization, showing that statistical learning can operate very quickly and with little exposure. Finally, neural signatures of learning were dissociable from subsequent explicit familiarity, suggesting that learning can occur in the absence of awareness. Overall, our findings help elucidate the underlying nature of statistical learning.

Acetaminophen Reduces Social Pain

2010 ◽  
Vol 21 (7) ◽  
pp. 931-937 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Nathan DeWall ◽  
Geoff MacDonald ◽  
Gregory D. Webster ◽  
Carrie L. Masten ◽  
Roy F. Baumeister ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Activity ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Daily Basis ◽  
Social Rejection ◽  
Neural Mechanisms ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Neural Responses ◽  
Physical Pain ◽  
Social Pain ◽  
Dorsal Anterior Cingulate Cortex

Pain, whether caused by physical injury or social rejection, is an inevitable part of life. These two types of pain—physical and social—may rely on some of the same behavioral and neural mechanisms that register pain-related affect. To the extent that these pain processes overlap, acetaminophen, a physical pain suppressant that acts through central (rather than peripheral) neural mechanisms, may also reduce behavioral and neural responses to social rejection. In two experiments, participants took acetaminophen or placebo daily for 3 weeks. Doses of acetaminophen reduced reports of social pain on a daily basis (Experiment 1). We used functional magnetic resonance imaging to measure participants’ brain activity (Experiment 2), and found that acetaminophen reduced neural responses to social rejection in brain regions previously associated with distress caused by social pain and the affective component of physical pain (dorsal anterior cingulate cortex, anterior insula). Thus, acetaminophen reduces behavioral and neural responses associated with the pain of social rejection, demonstrating substantial overlap between social and physical pain.

Anterior cingulate cortex neuro-metabolic changes underlying lithium-induced euthymia in bipolar depression: A longitudinal 1H-MRS study

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
pp. 93-100
Author(s):  
M.G. Soeiro-de-Souza ◽  
E. Scotti-Muzzi ◽  
F. Fernandes ◽  
R.T. De Sousa ◽  
C.C. Leite ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anterior Cingulate Cortex ◽  
Bipolar Depression ◽  
Cingulate Cortex ◽  
Metabolic Changes ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
1H Mrs

Increased pregenual anterior cingulate glucose and lactate concentrations in major depressive disorder

2016 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Ernst ◽  
A Hock ◽  
A Henning ◽  
E Seifritz ◽  
H Boeker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Major Depressive
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document