scholarly journals Fertility Evaluation of Limed Brazilian Soil Polluted with Scrap Metal Residue

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Flávia Almeida Gabos ◽  
Aline Reneé Coscione ◽  
Ronaldo Severiano Berton ◽  
Gláucia Cecília Gabrielli dos Santos
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Contaminated Soil ◽  
Soil Chemistry ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Inorganic Contaminants ◽  
Soil Liming ◽  
Uncontaminated Soil ◽  
Soil Mixtures ◽  
Soil Dilution ◽  
Lime Addition

The aim of this work was to characterize the main inorganic contaminants and evaluate the effect of lime addition, combined with soil dilution with uncontaminated soil, as a strategy for mitigation of these contaminants present in a soil polluted with auto scrap. The experiment was performed in a greenhouse at Campinas (São Paulo State, Brazil) in plastic pots (3 dm−3). Five soil mixtures, obtained by mixing an uncontaminated soil sample with contaminated soil (0, 25, 50, 75, and 100% contaminated soil), were evaluated for soil fertility, availability of inorganic contaminants, and corn development. In addition to the expected changes in soil chemistry due to the addition of lime, only the availability of Fe and Mn in the soil mixtures was affected, while the available contents of Cu, Zn, Cd, Cr, Ni, and Pb increased to some extent in the soil mixtures with higher proportion of contaminated soil. Liming of 10 t ha−1followed by soil dilution at any proportion studied was not successful for mitigation of the inorganic contaminants to a desired level of soil fertility, as demonstrated by the available amounts extracted by the DTPA method (Zn, Pb, Cu, Ni, Cr, Cd) and hot water (B) still present in the soil. This fact was also proved by the phytotoxicity observed and caused by high amounts of B and Zn accumulating in the plant tissue.

scholarly journals Monitoring the in-situ Bioremediation of Spend engine-oil contaminated soil After Irrigation with Fermented Chicken-droppings

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 411-416
Author(s):  
V.E. Okpashi ◽  
O.A. Ushie ◽  
F.E. Abeng ◽  
I.H. Inyang
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Contaminated Soil ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Engine Oil ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Used Engine Oil ◽  
Uncontaminated Soil ◽  
Tandem Mass Spectroscopy

Preparation for the bioremediation of petroleum contaminants is explored to provide a low-cost and capable strategy for biodegradation of  contaminants and renewal of soil fertility. In this study, fermented chicken droppings were used as novel in-situ bio-stimulants and bio- augmentation materials. The investigation determines the capability of fermented chicken droppings to biodegrade the residual total petroleum  hydrocarbon compounds in-used engine oil contaminated soil – in the case of auto mechanic shops. The soil was collected at 10 cm depth from the ground, air-dried and sieved with 2.5mm mesh. A 4 kg of soil was weighed into 13 perforated buckets to allow aeration and prevent waterlogging. The setup consists of three replicates that were spiked with 150 ml of used engine oil. 500 ml of the fermented chicken droppings were used to irrigate the contaminated soil at ratio 1:8 periodically for every 3 days per irrigation for 21 days. The uncontaminated soil used as the control group was irrigated with normal water. The TPH composition of the contaminated and remediated soil samples was screened using gas Chromatography tandem mass spectroscopy. Results show that the uncontaminated soil (A-group) had C10 - 24.058 ± 0.02 ppm, C12 - 37.327 ± 0.01 ppm, C14 - 28.515 ± 0.02 ppm and C16 - 12.097 ± 0.02 ppm, respectively out of about 35 TPH compounds that ought to be detected from C8 to C40. The Concentration of TPH in Contaminated soil before irrigation with Chicken droppings – positive control (ppm) B-group gave a significant qualitative and quantitative presence of TPHs in contaminated soil at varying concentrations. 36 TPHs were detected out of forty, starting from C10 - 1.836 ± 0.01 ppm to C38 -  50.150±0.01 ppm. Whereas, the Concentration of residual TPH in Contaminated soil after irrigation with Chicken droppings gave varying levels of residual TPHs ranging from C8 - 1.519 ± 0.02 ppm to C38 - 41.487 ±0.02 ppm. This also gave a resultant/differences in the degradation level of TPHs. Differences in TPH Concentration between before the irrigation and after irrigation of contaminated soil were calculated, C8 had - 0.317 ppm while another TPHs concentration varies accordingly. From the results, one can be deduced that despite other environmental factors that influence the degradation of TPHs, fermented chicken droppings showed great capability in the degradation of TPHs in the contaminated soil. Keywords: Bioremediation, auto-mechanic-yard, Soil-fertility, Used-engine-oil, fermented-chicken-droppings

scholarly journals Dynamic of Morphological and Physiological Parameters and Variation of Soil Characteristics during Miscanthus × giganteus Cultivation in the Diesel-Contaminated Land

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 798
Author(s):  
Valentina Pidlisnyuk ◽  
Andriy Herts ◽  
Volodymyr Khomenchuk ◽  
Aigerim Mamirova ◽  
Oleksandr Kononchuk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Contaminated Soil ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Soil Characteristics ◽  
Physiological Parameters ◽  
Wastewater Sludge ◽  
Contaminated Land ◽  
Miscanthus Giganteus ◽  
Uncontaminated Soil ◽  
Stems And Leaves ◽  
Biochar Amendment

Miscanthus × giganteus (M. × giganteus) is a perspective plant produced on marginal and contaminated lands with biomass used for energy or bioproducts. In the current study, M. × giganteus development was tested in the diesel-contaminated soils (ranged from 250 mg kg−1 to 5000 mg kg−1) and the growth dynamic, leaves quantity, plants total area, number of harvested stems and leaves, SPAD and NPQt parameters were evaluated. Results showed a remarkable M. × giganteus growth in a selected interval of diesel-contaminated soil with sufficient harvested biomass. The amendment of soil by biochar 1 (produced from wastewater sludge) and biochar 2 (produced from a mixture of wood waste and biohumus) improved the crop’s morphological and physiological parameters. Biochar 1 stimulated the increase of the stems’ biomass, while biochar 2 increased the leaves biomass. The plants growing in the uncontaminated soil decreased the content of NO3, pH (KCl), P2O5 and increased the content of NH4. Photosynthesis parameters showed that incorporating biochar 1 and biochar 2 to the diesel-contaminated soil prolonged the plants’ vegetation, which was more potent for biochar 1. M. × giganteus utilization united with biochar amendment can be recommended to remediate diesel-contaminated land in concentration range 250–5000 mg kg−1.

Lead (II) Removal from Contaminated Soils by Electrokinetic Remediation Coupled with Modified Eggshell Waste

2018 ◽  
Vol 777 ◽  
pp. 256-261 ◽  
Author(s):  
André Ribeiro ◽  
André Mota ◽  
Margarida Soares ◽  
Carlos Castro ◽  
Jorge Araújo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Contaminated Soil ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Electrokinetic Remediation ◽  
Permeable Reactive Barrier ◽  
Inorganic Contaminants ◽  
Reactive Barrier ◽  
Eggshell Waste ◽  
Inorganic Fraction ◽  
Maximum Removal

Electrokinetic remediation deserves particular attention in soil treatment due to its peculiar advantages, including the capability of treating fine and low permeability materials, and achieving consolidation, dewatering and removal of salts and inorganic contaminants like heavy metals in a single stage. In this study, the remediation of artificially lead (II) contaminated soil by electrokinetic process, coupled with Eggshell Inorganic Fraction Powder (EGGIF) permeable reactive barrier (PRB), was investigated. An electric field of 2 V cm-1was applied and was used an EGGIF/soil ratio of 30 g kg-1 of contaminated soil for the preparation of the permeable reactive barrier (PRB) in each test. It was obtained high removal rates of lead in both experiments, especially near the cathode. In the normalized distance to cathode of 0.2 it was achieved a maximum removal rate of lead (II) of 68, 78 and 83% in initial lead (II) concentration of 500 mg-1, 200 mg-1 and 100 mg-1, respectively. EGGIF (Eggshell Inorganic Fraction) proved that can be used as permeable reactive barrier (PRB) since in all the performed tests were achieved adsorptions yields higher than 90%.

Petroleum Contaminated Soil: Chemistry and Modeling

2019 ◽  
pp. 323-340
Author(s):  
Sum Chi Lee ◽  
Linda Eastcott ◽  
Wan Ying Shiu ◽  
Donald Mackay
Keyword(s):  
Contaminated Soil ◽  
Soil Chemistry ◽  
Petroleum Contaminated Soil

scholarly journals Evaluation of Acid Leaching on the Removal of Heavy Metals and Soil Fertility in Contaminated Soil

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chen-Yao Chu ◽  
Tzu-Hsing Ko
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Seed Germination ◽  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Sequential Extraction ◽  
Contaminated Soil ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Extraction Procedure ◽  
Acid Leaching

Heavy metal-contaminated soils were leached with various acid reagents, and a series of treatments was assessed to understand soil fertility after acid leaching. Aqua regia digestion and a five-step sequential extraction procedure were applied to determine heavy metal distribution. The average total concentrations of Zn, Cd, Cu, and Pb for contaminated soil were 1334, 25, 263, and 525 mg·kg−1 based on the ICP/AES quantitative analysis. Other than Pb extracted by H2SO4, over 50% removal efficiency of other heavy metals was achieved. A five-step sequential extraction revealed that the bound-to-carbonate and bound-to-Fe-Mn oxides were the major forms of the heavy metals in the soil. The addition of organic manure considerably promoted soil fertility and increased soil pH after acid leaching. Seed germination experiments demonstrated that after acid leaching, the soil distinctly inhibited plant growth and the addition of manure enhanced seed germination rate from 35% to 84%. Furthermore, the procedure of soil turnover after acid leaching and manure addition greatly increased seed germination rate by 61% and shortened the initial germination time. Seed germination in untreated soil was superior to that in acid-leached soil, illustrating that the phytotoxic effect of acid leaching is more serious than that of heavy metals.

Understory alder in three boreal forests of Alaska: local distribution and effects on soil fertility

1995 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 987-996 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tricia L. Wurtz
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Boreal Forest ◽  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Boreal Forests ◽  
Soil Chemistry ◽  
Canopy Openness ◽  
Biomass Models ◽  
Site Characteristics ◽  
Undisturbed Forest ◽  
Ramet Density

The distribution and effects on soil chemistry of shrub alders (Alnus spp.) occurring in the understory of the boreal forest of Alaska were examined. Understory alder ramet distribution was mapped on three sites; ramet density ranged from 150 to 5280 ramets/ha. Allometric biomass models were developed for alder ramets; maps of the spatial distribution of ramets and of estimated aboveground alder biomass are presented. Biomass of alders in the understory ranged from 20 to 690 g•m−2. The total nitrogen of soils collected beneath alder and from areas without alder differed among the three sites and between two sampling episodes. In undisturbed forest, alder soils tended to have more nitrogen than nonalder soils. On the two sites where background soil fertility was low, a greenhouse bioassay matched these results: alder soils had greater nutrient-supplying capacity than nonalder soils. In soil collected after the sites were harvested, however, results varied. Areas that had supported dense alder before harvesting had more soil nitrogen than areas with no alder at only one site, and at another site, alder soils had significantly less total nitrogen. This study suggests that the effect of understory alders on the boreal forest soil mosaic is a function of site characteristics such as canopy openness and soil background fertility.

scholarly journals Efficacy of Vermiremediation to Remove Contaminants from Soil

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (29) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ebenezer Olasunkanmi Dada ◽  
Modupe Olatunde Akinola ◽  
Stephen Olugbemiga Owa ◽  
Gabriel Adewunmi Dedeke ◽  
Adeyinka A. Aladesida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Health ◽  
Contaminated Soil ◽  
Organic Contaminants ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Organic Wastes ◽  
Natural Soil ◽  
Inorganic Contaminants ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Financial Interests ◽  
Academic Publications

Background. In addition to improving soil fertility and crop production, earthworms have been found to be useful in the removal of contaminants from soil, known as vermiremediation. Previous studies on vermiremediation have focused primarily on organic wastes, with relatively less attention paid to inorganic contaminants. In addition, some basic terms used in environmental health studies have often not been properly clarified. Objectives. The present study is a review of the state of the literature on the effectiveness of using earthworms to remediate organic and inorganic (metal) soil contaminants. Earthworms’ actions in remediation of organic and inorganic contaminants are described. Some terms that are used interchangeably in environmental health are clarified. The challenges and limitations of vermiremediation are highlighted. Methods. A systematic literature search was conducted to access online academic publications indexed in Google Scholar, PubMed, Scopus, Clarivate Analytics (Web of Science), ScienceDirect, ResearchGate and Springer Link. A total of 165 publications on the subject matter were accessed, out of which 47 were used for the review. Discussion. Empirical and theoretical information from the literature showed evidence of the significant contributions of earthworms to the removal of soil organic contaminants and metals. Earthworms indirectly facilitate the conversion of organic contaminants by promoting microbial and enzyme activities. Some organic contaminants are directly taken up through dermal and intestinal absorption and accumulated by preferential sequestration in sub-organismic and tissue fractions of earthworms. Metals are directly removed and accumulated by the mechanism of detoxification and sequestration, via metallothioneins induction. The terms ‘contaminants’ and ‘pollutants’ have different meanings and should not be used interchangeably. Although vermiremediation presents an ideal clean-up technique, it is limited in application to only mildly contaminated soil environments. Ethical concerns should not pose a serious issue because vermiremediation simply takes advantage of earthworms’ natural soil-conditioning abilities. Many vermiremediation processes, especially of organic wastes, are harmless to earthworms, improving the soil for their growth and survival. Conclusions. Vermiremediation presents a good long-term biological option to clean up mildly contaminated soil. It may be deployed as a secondary measure to rid the soil of residual contaminants after applying physicochemical remediation techniques to an overtly polluted soil environment. Competing Interests. The authors declare no competing financial interests.

Wheat straw and biochar effect on soil carbon fractions, enzyme activities, and nutrients in a tobacco field

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Yi Wang ◽  
Jianxin Dong ◽  
Xuebo Zheng ◽  
Jiguang Zhang ◽  
Peilu Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Mineral Fertilizer ◽  
Soil Enzyme ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Carbon Fractions ◽  
Organic Carbon Fractions

Annual removal of tobacco residues and insufficient input of organic materials have exacerbated total organic carbon (TOC) depletion and soil degradation in a tobacco field in the Huanghuai area. Straw residue and biochar application may be effective ways to increase TOC accumulation and improve soil fertility. In this field experiment, wheat straw (WS) and wheat-straw-derived biochar (BC) with mineral fertilizer were compared with mineral fertilizer alone (CK), and we assessed their effects on soil organic carbon fractions, enzyme activities, and nutrients in Shandong Province, China, during 2016 and 2017. At 0–20 cm depth, the WS treatment had a greater overall effect on the measured soil properties. Compared with the control, the WS treatment significantly increased the concentrations of microbial biomass carbon (MBC), hot-water-extractable carbon (HWC), and permanganate-oxidizable carbon concentrations (POXC; by 252.41%, 107.02%, and 65.53%, respectively); the activities of sucrase, urease, and phosphatase (by 112.52%, 7.81%, and 34.33%, respectively); and the contents of alkaline hydrolysable nitrogen, available phosphorus, and available potassium (by 92.22%, 100.78%, and 10.57%, respectively). Compared with the control, the BC treatment significantly increased TOC content, MBC content, light fraction organic carbon (LFOC), and potassium (TK) concentration (by 74.93%, 86.24%, 153.73%, and 21.92%, respectively). Most soil enzyme activity and nutrient parameters were significantly correlated with MBC. Thus, straw application improved soil fertility by increasing the concentrations of high labile organic carbon fractions (HWC, MBC, and POXC), stimulating soil enzyme activities, and releasing more soil available nutrients, and BC addition contributed to the accumulation of TOC, MBC, LFOC, and TK.

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