scholarly journals Dual Protection and Dual Methods in Women Living with HIV: The Brazilian Context

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kiyomi Tsuyuki ◽  
Regina María Barbosa ◽  
Adriana de Araujo Pinho

The cooccurrence of HIV and unintended pregnancy has prompted a body of work on dual protection, the simultaneous protection against HIV and unintended pregnancy. This study examines dual protection and dual methods as a risk-reduction strategy for women living with HIV. Data are from a cross-sectional sample of HIV-positive women attended in Specialized STI/AIDS Public Health Service Clinics in 13 municipalities from all five regions of Brazil 2003-2004 (N=834). Descriptive techniques and logistic regression were used to examine dual protection among women living with HIV. We expand the definition of dual protection to include consistent condom use and reversible/irreversible contraceptive methods, we test the dual methods hypothesis that women who use dual methods will use condoms less consistently than women who use only condoms, and we identify predictors of dual protection. Dual protection is common in our sample. Women who use dual methods have lower odds of consistent condom use than women who only use condoms. Among dual method users, we find that women who use an irreversible method use condoms more consistently than women who use a reversible method. Women on ART and with an HIV-serodiscordant partner have greater odds of consistent condom use than their counterparts.

2017 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 1.2-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa B Haddad ◽  
Jennifer H Tang ◽  
Jamie Krashin ◽  
Wingston Ng’ambi ◽  
Hannock Tweya ◽  
...  

BackgroundUnderstanding the influences on condom use among men and women living with HIV is critical to tailoring sexually transmitted infection/HIV prevention efforts.MethodsThis is a sub-analysis of a cross-sectional survey including 255 women and 220 men who were sexually active, HIV-positive, and attending HIV care visits in Lilongwe, Malawi. We estimated adjusted prevalence ratios (aPRs) to evaluate for factors associated with consistent condom use (always using condoms in the past month) and use at last coitus for men and women in separate models.ResultsAmong women: 38% and 55% reported consistent condom use and condom use at last coitus, respectively. For women, consistent use and use at last coitus were positively associated with the ability to refuse sex without condoms and shared decision-making compared with making the decision alone regarding condom use, and negatively associated with desire for children in the future. Consistent use also increased with longer antiretroviral therapy (ART) use (≥1 year compared with no ART use). Among men: 51% and 69% reported consistent condom use and condom use at last coitus, respectively. For men, the ability to refuse sex without condoms was associated with consistent use and use at last coitus, and believing that condoms should be used with other contraception was associated with consistent use.ConclusionsOur findings demonstrate ongoing low condom utilisation among HIV-positive individuals, and highlight that ART and contraceptive use do not deter condom use. Efforts to increase condom utilisation must recognise individual-level factors that influence use and should focus on relationship dynamics and promotion of empowerment and self-efficacy.


Sexual Health ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 81 ◽  
Author(s):  
JaNelle M. Ricks ◽  
Angelica Geter ◽  
Richard A. Crosby ◽  
Emma Brown

Background Limited research has targeted HIV risk among heterosexual African-American men in the rural south-eastern United States. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was administered to 538 men to assess HIV knowledge, attitudes towards HIV testing and sexual risk behaviour. Results: Fifty-one percent reported consistent condom use in the past 3 months. Monogamous men reported more consistent condom use (t = 3.47, d.f. = 536, P < 0.001). In concurrent partnerships, condom use was inversely related to age (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 0.98, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.95–0.998, P = 0.03) and increased with the number of female partners (AOR = 1.49, 95% CI = 1.26–1.76, P < 0.001). Conclusions: African-American HIV prevention outreach should include focus on concurrent partnering in rural settings.


2018 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 147-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carmen H Logie ◽  
Candice L Lys ◽  
Jamie Fujioka ◽  
Nancy MacNeill ◽  
Kayley Mackay ◽  
...  

BackgroundSexually transmitted infections (STI) prevention in the Northwest Territories (NWT), Canada is an urgent concern as STI prevalence is seven-fold the national average. The study objective was to explore factors associated with sexual activity and condom use among adolescents in the NWT.MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional survey with youth aged 13–18-years-old in 17 NWT communities. We use Poisson regression models with a robust sandwich error variance to estimate adjusted relative risks estimates of the likelihood of experiencing the primary outcomes of sexual activity (vaginal/anal/oral sex) and consistent condom use (oral/anal sex) in the past 3 months by gender.ResultsParticipants (n=607; mean age: 14.2 years; SD: 1.5) included adolescent cisgender girls (n=302; 49.5%), cisgender boys (n=298; 48.9%) and transgender persons (n=7; 1.2%). Most identified as Indigenous (n=444; 73.1%) and 14.0% (n=85) as lesbian, gay, bisexual or queer sexuality (LGBQ+). Among sexually active individuals (n=115), less than half (n=54; 47.0%) reported past 3 month consistent condom use. In adjusted analyses among girls, sexual activity was associated with age, STI knowledge, and alcohol/drug use; LGBQ+ identity and alcohol/drug use were associated with reduced likelihood of condom use. Among boys, sexual activity was associated with age and alcohol/drug use; LGBQ+ identity was associated with increased likelihood of condom use.ConclusionsFindings demonstrate sexual activity among adolescents in the NWT varies by gender, age, and alcohol/drug use. Consistent condom utilisation was low, particularly for those using alcohol/drugs. Gender-tailored STI prevention strategies with Northern adolescents should address alcohol/drug use and build protective factors.


2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 134
Author(s):  
Ratna Dewi Handayani ◽  
Zahroh Shaluhiyah ◽  
Kusyogo Cahyo

ABSTRAKPenelitian pencegahan penularan IMS dan HIV/AIDS melalui hubungan seksual pada pengguna napza suntik yang dilakukan oleh Pusat penelitan Unika Atmajaya menjelaskan bahwa penasun menyadari bahwa menggunakan kondom saat berhubungan seksual merupakan pencegahan terbaik, tetapi penggunaan kondom secara konsisten baru mencapai 19-40% dan dilakukan hanya pada pasangan komersial, sedangkan pada pasangan tetap tidak dilakukan. Pada penelitian ini subyek penelitian dikhususkan pada pengguna napza stimulan mengingat efek yang ditimbulkan salah satunya adalah peningkatan gairah seksual dan perilaku seksual bebas, tujuan penelitian mengetahui faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi perilaku pemakaian kondom konsisten saat melakukan hubungan seksual pada laki-laki pengguna napza stimulan  di kota Semarang.   Penelitian dilaksanakan dengan metode kuantitatif-explanatory research pendekatan cross sectional kepada seluruh pengguna napza stimulan yang ada dikota Semarang- dibawah binaan HR LSM Graha Mitra.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan 43 orang responden pengguna shabu-sabu dan extacy dimana 36 diantaranya hanya menggunakan extacy saja.  Mereka menggunakan kondom secara konsisten 55.8%, dan tidak menggunakan kondom secara konsisten sebanyak 44.2%. Analisis bivariat penelitian bermakna pada sikap, persepsi manfaat, persepsi kemampuan diri, dan dukungan pasangan seksual. Sedangkan penelitian tidak bermakna pada karakteristik (umur, pendidikan, pekerjaan, status pernikahan, tempat tinggal, status HIV, pengetahuan, persepsi kerentanan, persepsi keparahan, keterjangkauan akses kondom dan ketrampilan pemakaian kondom.  Analisis multivariat memperlihatkan adannya pengaruh variabel independen kepada variabel dependen yaitu sikap dan dukungan pasangan seksual dengan probabilitas penggunaan kondom secara konsisten pada pengguna napza stimulan 13.9%. Kata Kunci: Perilaku, Kondom Konsisten, Napza stimulant. Factors That Affect The Behavior Of Consistent Condom Use During Sexual Intercourse On A Male Stimulant Drugs Users In The City Of Semarang: Research on the prevention of the transmission of STI and HIV/AIDS through sexual intercourse on people who use drugs by injection the study centre Unika Atmajaya explained that IDU’s realized that using condoms during sexual intercourse is the best prevention, but condom use is consistently achieving new 19-40% and is done only on the commercial, while couples on couples still isn't done. On the research subject of research is devoted to users who use drugs stimulants given effect posed one is an increase in sexual arousal and sexual behaviour, the research objectives knowing the factors that affect the behavior of consistent condom use during sexual intercourse on a male stimulant drugs users in the city of Semarang. Research carried out by quantitative methods-explanatory research approach of cross sectional to all users who use drugs stimulants that exists in the city of Semarang-under the patronage of HR NGOS Graha Mitra.The results showed 43 people respondents shabu shabu users sabu and extacy where 36 of them only use the extacy only. They use condoms consistently 55.8%, and not using condoms consistently as much of 44.2%. Analysis of meaningful research on bivariat attitude, perception, perception of the ability of self benefit, and support sexual partners. While the research does not mean on the characteristics (age, education, occupation, marital status, place of residence, HIV status), knowledge, perception, perception of the severity of the vulnerability, the affordability of access condoms and condom use skills. Multivariate analysis shows that influence the dependent variable to the independent variable i.e. attitude and sexual partner support with a probability of use condoms consistently on people who use drugs stimulants 13.9%.Key Words; behavior, Condom Consistently, stimulant Drugs


2018 ◽  
Vol 47 (5) ◽  
pp. 1529-1539 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Augusta Carrasco ◽  
Trang Q. Nguyen ◽  
Clare Barrington ◽  
Martha Perez ◽  
Yeycy Donastorg ◽  
...  

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (13) ◽  
pp. 1316-1323 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mwumvaneza Mutagoma ◽  
Laetitia Nyirazinyoye ◽  
Dieudonné Sebuhoro ◽  
David J Riedel ◽  
Joseph Ntaganira

Female sex workers (FSWs) are at high risk for HIV. Cross-sectional surveys using a venue–day–time approach for recruitment were conducted among FSWs in Rwanda in 2006, 2010 and 2015. Chi square test for trends was computed to determine behavior changes. Logistic regression models were computed to determine risk factors associated with consistent condom use for the 2015 survey. There were 1041, 1338, and 1978 FSWs surveyed in 2006, 2010, and 2015, respectively. Condom use at the last sexual encounter with a client was similar in all surveys: 84.2%, 64.1%, and 83.3% (p = 1.0), respectively. Comprehensive HIV knowledge among FSWs was higher in 2015 than in 2006: 18.4%, 53.1%, and 71.1% (p = 0.00), respectively. Living in Kigali City and the Western province (aOR = 1.9 [95% CI: 1.3–2.8] and aOR = 2.0 [95% CI: 1.4–2.9], respectively) and higher level of education (OR = 2.0 [95% CI: 1.4–2.9]) were positively associated with consistent condom use with a client. Street-based FSWs (aOR = 0.7 [95% CI: 0.6–0.9]); FSWs with sex work as sole occupation (aOR = 0.6 [95% CI: 0.5–0.7]); FSWs who experienced sexually transmitted infections in the last year (aOR = 0.7 [95% CI: 0.5–0.8]) and HIV-positive FSWs (aOR = 0.8 [95% CI: 0.6–0.9]) were less likely to report consistent condom use. HIV prevention methods have evolved among FSWs in RWanda over the last decade, but HIV prevalence remains high. Condom use among many FSWs is inconsistent. New approaches for behavior change and income-generating activities are needed to reduce the vulnerability of FSWs in Rwanda.


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