scholarly journals Experimental Airborne Transmission of Porcine Postweaning Multisystemic Wasting Syndrome

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. S. Kristensen ◽  
C. K. Hjulsager ◽  
K. Vestergaard ◽  
K. Dupont ◽  
V. Bille-Hansen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sequence Analysis ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Postweaning Multisystemic Wasting Syndrome ◽  
Airborne Transmission ◽  
Wasting Syndrome ◽  
Antibody Titers ◽  
Pcv2 Isolate ◽  
C 30

The objective of these studies was to investigate if porcine postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS) could be induced in healthy pigs following contact with air from pigs with clinical signs of PMWS. The pigs were housed in different units. Either 31 (study I) or 25 (study II) pigs with clinical symptoms of PMWS from a PMWS-affected herd and 25 healthy pigs from a PMWS-free, but PCV2-positive, herd were housed in unit A. Fifty pigs from a PMWS-free herd were housed in unit B, which were connected by pipes to unit A. In unit C, 30 pigs from a PMWS-free herd were housed as controls. In study II, the pigs in units A and B from the PMWS-free herd developed clinical signs of PMWS 2-3 weeks after arrival. PMWS was confirmed at necropsy and the diseased pigs had increased PCV2 load and increased antibody titers against PCV2 in serum that coincided with the development of clinical signs typical of PMWS. Sequence analysis revealed that the PCV2 isolate belonged to genotype 2b. In conclusion, the present study showed that PMWS can be induced in pigs from a PMWS-free herd by airborne contact with pigs from a PMWS-affected herd.

scholarly journals Postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome in farmed wild boars (Sus scrofa) in Rio Grande do Sul

2006 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 154-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
André Mendes Ribeiro Corrêa ◽  
Priscila Zlotowski ◽  
Daniela Bernadete Rozza ◽  
Mauro Riegert Borba ◽  
Juliano de Souza Leal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
Postweaning Multisystemic Wasting Syndrome ◽  
Lymphoid Tissues ◽  
Rio Grande Do Sul ◽  
Wild Boars ◽  
Wasting Syndrome ◽  
Gross Lesions ◽  
Swine Disease

This report concerns an outbreak of postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome in wild boars from commercial herds in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. The main clinical signs were progressive wasting, respiratory distress, diarrhea, and ocular discharges. Enhanced lymph nodes and spleens, ascites, hydrothorax, and non collapsed lungs were the principal gross lesions. Varying degrees of lymphohistiocytic infiltrates in lymph nodes, spleen, and intestines were the most significant microscopic changes. Although a total of 26 animals had showed clinical and pathological findings consistent with the disease, only in 11 of them it was possible to confirm a PMWS diagnosis through the association of specific lesions in lymphoid tissues with the presence of the viral antigen detected by immunohistochemistry. These findings were similar to those reported in the swine disease.

scholarly journals Intestinal lesions in pigs affected with postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome

2008 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 313-318 ◽  
Author(s):  
Priscila Zlotowski ◽  
André M.R. Corrêa ◽  
David E.S.N. Barcellos ◽  
Cláudio E.F. Cruz ◽  
William Asanome ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Villous Atrophy ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Postweaning Multisystemic Wasting Syndrome ◽  
Porcine Circovirus ◽  
Mesenteric Lymph Nodes ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Wasting Syndrome ◽  
Mesenteric Lymph ◽  
Intestinal Lesions

Samples of mesenteric lymph nodes and intestines from 79 unthrifty 3- to 5-month-old postweaning pigs, confirmed as naturally affected with postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS), were studied. Pigs originated from 12 farms in southern Brazil and were selected on the basis of clinical signs and/or gross lesions suggestive of enteric disorder. Lymphohistiocytic infiltrates of varying intensity were associated with anti-porcine circovirus type 2 (anti-PCV2) immunostaining (IS) in samples of intestines and mesenteric lymph nodes from all pigs. Although most findings were similar to those described in PCV2-associated enteritis, anti-PCV2 IS in association with depletion of the goblet cell mucin stores (24 pigs), diffuse ileal villous atrophy and fusion (18 pigs), and dilatation of the lymphatic vessels (11 pigs) combined or not with lymphangitis were also observed. PCV2 antigen was immunohistochemically demonstrated in the cytoplasm and nuclei from intralesional epithelial cells, histiocytes, and endothelial-like cells in intestinal tissues. Together these findings imply an association with PCV2. The presence of co-infections by Lawsonia intracellularis, Brachyspira spp., Mycobacterium spp., Salmonella spp., rotavirus, parvovirus, coronavirus and enteric calicivirus with PCV2 in the intestinal lesions was investigated.

Porcine circovirus type 2 and associated diseases in Romania — Short communication

2007 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 151-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Cadar ◽  
A. Cságola ◽  
Á. Dán ◽  
Z. Deim ◽  
Marina Spînu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Porcine Circovirus Type ◽  
Postweaning Multisystemic Wasting Syndrome ◽  
Porcine Circovirus Type 2 ◽  
Porcine Circovirus ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Associated Diseases ◽  
Wasting Syndrome

Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) has been demonstrated to be the causal agent for postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS) and porcine dermatitis and nephropathy syndrome (PDNS). This report describes the first detection of PCV2 and associated diseases in a Romanian swine herd located in Transylvania. The clinical signs, pathological and histopathological changes observed in affected pigs were similar to those previously described for PDNS and PMWS. Polymerase chain reaction and in situ hybridisation were used for the detection of PCV2 nucleic acids from tissues and serum samples. Complete PCV2 genomes of both PMWS and PDNS cases were sequenced and analysed, and by comparing them with each other no genomic differences could be detected. The sequence analysis showed that the Romanian PCV2 was closely related to PCV2 identified in France and in Hungary.

scholarly journals Experimental Reproduction of Postweaning Multisystemic Wasting Syndrome in Cesarean-Derived, Colostrum-Deprived Piglets Inoculated with Porcine Circovirus Type 2 (PCV2): Investigation of Quantitative PCV2 Distribution and Antibody Responses

2003 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Okuda ◽  
M. Ono ◽  
S. Yazawa ◽  
I. Shibata
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Porcine Circovirus Type ◽  
Postweaning Multisystemic Wasting Syndrome ◽  
Porcine Circovirus Type 2 ◽  
Porcine Circovirus ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Wasting Syndrome

Sixteen cesarean-derived, colostrum-deprived piglets were inoculated intranasally with porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2), originally isolated from a pig affected with postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS). At 1 day postinoculation (PI), 3 of the 5 piglets in the uninoculated control group were moved to the room of inoculated piglets for contact exposure. Porcine circovirus type 2 was detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in swabs from inoculated piglets from 1 day PI and from contact piglets from 2 days after cohabitation. Porcine circovirus type 2 was also detected in all serum samples but not in control piglets 7 days PI. Until the end of study, PCV2 was detected in swabs and serum samples by PCR but not in the control piglets. One inoculated piglet died suddenly without clinical signs 19 days PI. Beginning at 14 days PI, 5 piglets, including 1 contact piglet, had clinical signs of depression, anorexia, and icterus, and 1 inoculated piglet died 21 days PI. Most of the piglets exhibiting the above clinical signs became moribund and were necropsied 21 and 28 days PI. In the piglets that showed clinical signs, gross lesions, including icterus of liver and hemorrhage in stomach, and typical histopathological lesions of PMWS, such as lymphoid depletion and basophilic intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies in lymph nodes and other tissues, were observed. Porcine circovirus type 2 was detected by PCR in all tissue samples except in those of the control piglets. Porcine circovirus type 2 was recovered from several tissue samples of the piglets necropsied until 35 days PI. In particular, PCV2 was recovered in high titer from most of the tissue samples of the piglets exhibiting clinical signs. Serum antibody against PCV2 was mostly detected in inoculated piglets and in contact piglets 14 and 21 days PI by an indirect fluorescence antibody test but was not detected in the piglets exhibiting clinical signs until 28 days PI. These results indicate that PCV2 was able to induce clinical PMWS in the absence of other swine pathogens and that there were significant differences in both the quantitative PCV2 distribution in tissues and the antibody response between the piglets that were infected and developed PMWS and those that were infected but remained healthy.

Distribution of porcine circovirus 2 cap antigen in the lymphoid tissue of pigs affected by postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome

2010 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 483-498 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zsolt Becskei ◽  
Sanja Aleksić-Kovačević ◽  
Miklós Rusvai ◽  
Gyula Balka ◽  
Csaba Jakab ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Lymphoid Tissue ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Postweaning Multisystemic Wasting Syndrome ◽  
Porcine Circovirus ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Lymphatic Tissue ◽  
Lymphocyte Depletion ◽  
Wasting Syndrome ◽  
Porcine Circovirus 2

The lymphatic organs of 50 pigs from a total of eight farms located at different sites in the epizootiological region of North Bačka County were studied to obtain data on the prevalence of circoviral infections in Serbia. All of the pigs examined had clinical signs suggestive of postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS). All pigs underwent necropsy and tissue samples were taken for histopathological, immunohistochemical (IHC) and PCR analysis. The presence of porcine circovirus 2 (PCV2) was established by PCR analysis in the organs of the pigs tested. The most frequent histopathological lesions of lymphoid tissue linked with the presence of positive immunostaining for PCV2 Cap antigen confirmed the existence of PMWS in all farms tested in North Bačka County. Using PCR, histopathological and IHC techniques, the presence of PMWS was proved in the Republic of Serbia. During necropsy, generalised enlargement of the lymph nodes was evident. The most common histopathological finding was lymphocyte depletion in the follicular and perifollicular areas of lymph nodes. Infiltration by macrophages was also recorded. By IHC analysis, the cytoplasm of macrophages was shown to contain a large amount of the ORF2-coded Cap antigen of PCV2. Lymphocyte depletion and large numbers of macrophages were recorded in the tonsils, spleen, intestinal lymphatic tissue, Peyer’s patches and ileocaecal valve. The presence of typical granulomatous lesions with multinuclear giant cells (MGCs) was also recorded in the lymphatic tissue. Cap antigen was shown to be present in macrophages and less often in lymphocytes.

scholarly journals Porcine Circovirus 2–Associated Disease in Eurasian Wild Boar

2003 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 364-368 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Ellis ◽  
Maria Spinato ◽  
Choon Yong ◽  
Keith West ◽  
Francis McNeilly ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Postweaning Multisystemic Wasting Syndrome ◽  
Porcine Circovirus ◽  
Reading Frame ◽  
Wasting Syndrome ◽  
Young Pigs ◽  
Porcine Circovirus 2 ◽  
Multisystemic Disease ◽  
Affected Tissue ◽  
Pcv2 Isolate ◽  
Domestic Swine

Porcine circovirus 2 (PCV2) was first identified in high-health herds of domestic swine and was associated with a debilitating disease called postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS). Most subsequent studies have indicated that PCV2 infects only swine but there is little information on porcids other than improved breeds of domestic swine. Multisystemic disease was reported in a group of Eurasian wild boars raised under free-range conditions. Affected young pigs had pneumonia and enteritis and were cachectic. Porcine circovirus 2 was identified in affected tissue by immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization, and a PCV2-like virus was isolated from pooled organs. The open reading frame (ORF2) of the isolated PCV2 had a 98.7% homology with the ORF2 of a reference PCV2 isolate. These diagnostic data indicate that PCV2 can infect and cause disease in Sus scrofa subspecies other than domestic swine.

Postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws) in pigs in Croatia: Detection and characterisation of porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2)

2005 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 385-396 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Lipej ◽  
J. Segalés ◽  
I. Toplak ◽  
B. Šoštarić ◽  
Besi Roić ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Porcine Circovirus Type ◽  
Postweaning Multisystemic Wasting Syndrome ◽  
Porcine Circovirus Type 2 ◽  
Porcine Circovirus ◽  
Wasting Syndrome ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Close Relationship

The objective of this study was to characterise porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) from pigs with naturally occurring postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS) in Croatia, and to determine the epizootiological, clinical and pathomorphological features of the disease. During a systematic health monitoring programme conducted in the period from January 2002 to June 2003, PMWS was suspected on eight different pig-producing farms in Croatia. The diagnosis of PMWS met all three key criteria: the presence of compatible clinical signs, the presence of the characteristic microscopic lymphoid lesions, and the detection of PCV2 within the lesions by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and by in situ hybridisation (ISH). Moreover, PCV2 DNA from swine tissues was extracted and sequenced. The phylogenetic analysis of 4 Croatian PCV2 strains showed close relationship to PCV2 strains isolated in Slovenia, France, the Netherlands, the United Kingdom, China and Hungary. PCV2 was also demonstrated by electron microscopy in the lymph node of an affected animal. This is the first demonstration of PMWS in Croatia based on all scientifically accepted diagnostic criteria.

Clinical presentation, epidemiological findings, diagnosis, immunity, prevention and control of postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS)

2003 ◽  
Vol 2003 ◽  
pp. 223-223
Author(s):  
J. Segalés ◽  
M. Domingo
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Porcine Circovirus Type ◽  
Postweaning Multisystemic Wasting Syndrome ◽  
Porcine Circovirus ◽  
Full Spectrum ◽  
Wasting Syndrome ◽  
And Control ◽  
Porcine Respiratory

Postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS) was initially described in 1991 in Saskatchewan (Canada) and has now been described in all continents rearing pigs but Oceania. Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) is the aetiology of this disease, which has also been called porcine circovirosis in some countries. Although the full spectrum of clinical signs and lesions observed in natural cases of PMWS is very difficult to reproduce under experimental infections using PCV2 alone, little doubt exists on the causal relationship between the virus and the wasting syndrome. Furthermore, the clinical and pathological scope of PCV2 infection has been expanded since 1991, and it has been implicated in other conditions: reproductive disorders, porcine dermatitis and nephropathy syndrome (PDNS), the so-called porcine respiratory disease complex (PRDC), proliferative and necrotising pneumonia (PNP), and congenital tremors. The role of PCV2 in these conditions has not been fully clarified and, in some of these cases, it remains as a controversial issue. The objective of this presentation is to review some practical aspects of PMWS.

scholarly journals New Pig Disease in Hungary: Postweaning Multisystemic Wasting Syndrome Caused by Circovirus (Short Communication)

2000 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 469-475 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Kiss ◽  
S. Kecskeméti ◽  
T. Tuboly ◽  
E. Bajmócy ◽  
J. Tanyi
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Postweaning Multisystemic Wasting Syndrome ◽  
Porcine Circovirus ◽  
Sequencing Data ◽  
Swine Herd ◽  
Poor Growth ◽  
Wasting Syndrome ◽  
Pcr Products ◽  
Causative Agents ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS), a new disease in Hungary, was recognized in a swine herd located in Southeast Hungary, during the early winter of 1999. The first clinical signs of paleness, anaemia, and leanness appeared immediately after weaning, at the age of 40-50 days. Pustules were frequently observed on the skin of the trunk, and signs of necrotic dermatitis were also visible. A syndrome of poor growth and wasting was characteristic of the affected pigs. A porcine circovirus (PCV), the suspected causative agent, was detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Sequencing data and restriction endonuclease (RE) analysis of the PCR products suggested that the virus belonged to the PCV-II group where all the causative agents of PMWS are also grouped.

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