scholarly journals Convulsive and Neurodegenerative Effects in Rats of Some Isolated Toxins from the Tityus bahiensis Scorpion Venom

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luciene Toshie Takeishi Ossanai ◽  
Geane Antiques Lourenço ◽  
Ivo Lebrun ◽  
Ana Leonor Abrahão Nencioni ◽  
Valquiria Abrão Coronado Dorce
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Neuronal Loss ◽  
Ringer Solution ◽  
Scorpion Venom ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Intracerebral Injection ◽  
Reverse Phase Hplc ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Despite Tityus bahiensis being one of the most dangerous scorpions in Brazil, there are few studies about the effects of its venom, which acts mainly on the central nervous system. Previous studies demonstrated the convulsive ability of this venom. The present work aimed to study the hippocampal effects in rats of some toxins isolated from pool V, which induces a pronounced epileptogenic effect. The pool was separated by reverse-phase HPLC, and the peaks with higher yield (Tb V-1, V-5, V-24, V-27, and V-28) were used in the experiments. Cannulae and electrodes were implanted in the hippocampus of male Wistar rats (240–250 g). The animals were divided into six groups that received intracerebral injection of toxin solution (1 or 2 μg/μL) or Ringer solution (control group), and they were submitted to behavioral, electrographic, and histological analysis. All toxins studied evoked electrographic and behavioral epileptic-like activity to different degrees. Moreover, the toxins V-1, V-24, and V-28 caused significant neuronal loss in CA4 ipsi- and contralateral hippocampal areas. These results suggest that toxins from T. bahiensis scorpion, when injected into the hippocampus, are able to act directly on the central nervous system inducing convulsive and neurodegenerative effects.

An Investigation of the Effects of Curcumin on the Changes in the Central Nervous System of Rats Exposed to Aroclor 1254 in the Prenatal Period

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 132-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehmet Eray Alcigir ◽  
Halef Okan Dogan ◽  
Begum Yurdakok Dikmen ◽  
Kubra Dogan ◽  
Sevil Atalay Vural ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Neuron Specific Enolase ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Prenatal Period ◽  
Aroclor 1254 ◽  
Rat Pups ◽  
Tunel Reaction ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Background & Objective: Aroclor 1254 is a widespread toxic compound of Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs), which can create significant nervous problems. No remedies have been found to date. The aim of this study was to reveal the damage that occurs in the central nervous system of rat pups exposed to Aroclor 1254 in the prenatal period and to show the inhibiting effect of curcumin, which is a strong anti-oxidant and neuroprotective substance. Method: The study established 3 groups of adult female and male Wistar albino rats. The rats were mated within these groups and the offspring rats were evaluated within the group given Aroclor 1254 only (n=10) and the group was given both Aroclor 1254 and curcumin (n=10) and the control group (n=10). The groups were compared in respect of pathomorphological damage. The immunohistochemical evaluation was made of 8-hydroxdeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), 4-hydroxynoneal (4HNE), myelin basic protein (MBP) expressions and TUNEL reaction. The biochemical evaluation was made of the changes in the TAS-TOS and Neuron Specific Enolase (NSE) levels. Damage was seen to have been reduced with curcumin in the 8OHdG and TUNEL reactions, especially in the forebrain and the midbrain, although the dosage applied did not significantly change TAS and TOS levels. Consequently, it was understood that Aroclor 1254 caused damage in the central nervous system of the pup in the prenatal period, and curcumin reduced these negative effects, particularly in the forebrain and the midbrain. Conclusion: It was concluded that curcumin could be a potential neuroprotective agent and would be more effective at higher doses.

scholarly journals Effects of Electroacupuncture on Pain Threshold of Laboring Rats and the Expression of Norepinephrine Transporter andα2 Adrenergic Receptor in the Central Nervous System

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Qianli Tang ◽  
Qiuyan Jiang ◽  
Suren R. Sooranna ◽  
Shike Lin ◽  
Yuanyuan Feng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Adrenergic Receptor ◽  
Pain Threshold ◽  
Norepinephrine Transporter ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Tail Flick ◽  
Pregnant Rats ◽  
Tail Flick Test ◽  
The Central Nervous System

To observe the effects of electroacupuncture on pain threshold of laboring rats and the expression of norepinephrine transporter andα2 adrenergic receptor in the central nervous system to determine the mechanism of the analgesic effect of labor. 120 pregnant rats were divided into 6 groups: a control group, 4 electroacupuncture groups, and a meperidine group. After interventions, the warm water tail-flick test was used to observe pain threshold. NE levels in serum, NET, andα2AR mRNA and protein expression levels in the central nervous system were measured. No difference in pain threshold was observed between the 6 groups before intervention. After intervention, increased pain thresholds were observed in all groups except the control group with a higher threshold seen in the electroacupuncture groups. Serum NE levels decreased in the electroacupuncture and MP groups. Increases in NET andα2AR expression in the cerebral cortex and decreases in enlarged segments of the spinal cord were seen. Acupuncture increases uptake of NE via cerebral NET and decreases its uptake by spinal NET. The levels ofα2AR are also increased and decreased, respectively, in both tissues. This results in a decrease in systemic NE levels and may be the mechanism for its analgesic effects.

scholarly journals Analysis of electrogenesis’ changes in mental retardation persons by using computer electroencephalography

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 249-265
Author(s):  
B. Lobasyuk ◽  
L. Bartsevich ◽  
A. Zamkovaya
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Mental Retardation ◽  
Theta Rhythm ◽  
Cognitive Activity ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Bioelectrical Activity ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Beta Rhythms ◽  
The Brain

Justification. Mental retardation is a persistent decrease in human cognitive activity against the background of organic damage to the central nervous system. Neurophysiological diagnostics, in particular electroencephalography (EEG), most adequately reflects the morpho-functional state of the central nervous system, which is the basis of the mechanisms of mental activity, and the originality of the bioelectrical activity of the brain can be considered as the main indicator that determines a decrease in the level of intellectual development and, thereby, characterizes this state. This provision actualizes the search for highly informative indicators of the originality of the bioelectrical activity of the brain in children with intellectual disabilities. Purspose. With the use of periodometric analysis investigate EEG’s indicators and interhemispheric asymmetry of rhythms amplitudes in MR patients. Materials and methods. The EEG was recorded in a state of calm wakefulness with closed eyes with Neuron-Spectrum-2 electroencephalograph. Differences in indicators were tracked using the calculation of the coefficient of compliance (CC), EEG functional asymmetry coefficients in amplitude were determined, too. Results. It was revealed that in MR patients the amplitudes of the rhythms were greater than in healthy subjects. The greatest increase was determined in theta rhythm in the anterior temporal and posterior temporal leads in the left hemispheres. Duration indices in the delta, theta and alpha ranges of the EEG in mental retardation compared with the control group were increased, and the indices of the duration of beta rhythms - decreased. When analyzing FMPA in MR persons it turned out that in right-handers the negativeness of FMPA indices increased, and in left-handers there was an increase in the positivity of FMPA indices. Conclusions 1. With mental retardation, the amplitudes of the rhythms were greater than in healthy people. The greatest increase was determined in theta rhythm in the anterior temporal and posterior temporal leads in the left hemispheres. 2. The indices of duration in the delta, theta and alpha ranges of the EEG of MR subjects were increased, and the indices of the duration of beta rhythms – decreased. 3. When analyzing FMPA in MR persons, it turned out that in right-handers the negativeness of FMPA indices increased, and in left-handers there was an increase in the positivity of FMPA indices.

The FMRFamide-like neuropeptide AF2 is present in the parasitic nematode Haemonchus contortus

Parasitology ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 111 (4) ◽  
pp. 515-521 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. D. Keating ◽  
L. Holden-Dye ◽  
M. C. Thorndyke ◽  
R. G. Williams ◽  
A. Mallett ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Haemonchus Contortus ◽  
Parasitic Nematode ◽  
Reverse Phase Hplc ◽  
Reverse Phase ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Immunocytochemical Techniques ◽  
Nerve Cords

SUMMARYPeptides belonging to the FMRFamide family are widely distributed amongst invertebrates. We report here on the isolation of the FMRFamide neuropeptide AF2 (Lys-His-Glu-Tyr-Leu-Arg-Phe-NH2) from the parasitic nematode Haemonchus contortus. Immunocytochemical techniques showed that FMRFamide-like material was distributed in several regions of these organisms including nerve cords and cell bodies of the central nervous system. AF2 was isolated using a method that employed 6 steps of reverse-phase HPLC. The concentration of AF2 in this organism was approximately 30 pmol/g of nematode.

scholarly journals Research Progress on the Effect of Sphingosine Kinase 2 on Glioma

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 16-19
Author(s):  
Chunpeng Wang ◽  
Xiaohui Liu ◽  
Shiwen Guo
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Sphingosine Kinase ◽  
Immunohistochemical Method ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sphingosine Kinase 2 ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Objective: The purpose of this study is to explore the role of sphingosine kinase 2 (SphK2) in the treatment of glioma, which is the most common primary tumor in the central nervous system. Methods: A total of 82 patients were included in this study, with 27 cases in the control group and 55 cases in the glioma group; the expressions of SphK2 and gp130 in the two groups were compared by immunohistochemical method, and the correlation between the two factors was analyzed. Results: Both SphK2 and gp130 were upregulated in the glioma group, and the two factors were significantly correlated. Conclusion: The high expression of SphK2 may play an important role in the occurrence, development, and diagnosis of glioma.

scholarly journals THE LEVEL OF SYSTEMIC INFLAMMATION AND CHANGES IN ADAPTIVE IMMUNITY IN ALCOHOLIC PSYCHOSES

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1S) ◽  
pp. 68-70
Author(s):  
N A Didkovsky ◽  
I K Malashenkova ◽  
D P Ogurtsov ◽  
S A Krynskiy ◽  
N A Hailov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Adaptive Immunity ◽  
Systemic Inflammation ◽  
Early Period ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Acute Psychosis ◽  
Th2 Response ◽  
Proinflammatory Mediators ◽  
The Central Nervous System

The aim of the work is to study the level of systemic inflammation and changes in adaptive immunity in the early period after acute psychosis to assess their participation in the pathogenesis of alcoholic mental and cognitive disorders. We examined 28 patients with alcoholic psychosis (AP) and a control group of 17 healthy volunteers. Indicators of systemic inflammation and immunity, including key cytokines and lymphocyte subpopulations, were investigated. After acute psychosis of patients with alcoholism, pronounced activation of humoral immunity with impaired clearance of immune complexes, increased content and activity of Th2 with signs of insufficiency and dysfunction of Th1, reduced content and activity of cytotoxicity system cells and signs of systemic inflammation (increased CRP, cortisol, cytokines). Activation of Th2 response and an excess of proinflammatory mediators in patients with AP through various ways of interaction with the Central nervous system (n. vagus, choroidal plexus of the ventricles, and others) can participate in the disorders of metabolism of neurotransmitters in the Central nervous system involved in the pathogenesis of alcoholism, and in the maintenance of neuroinflammation. A high level of systemic inflammation can be both a trigger of psychosis and a manifestation of violations of neuroimmune interactions, as well as the development of excitotoxicity and damage to neurons in acute psychosis.

scholarly journals Blood serum amino acids profile in patients with Multiple Sclerosis

2015 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-53
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Amino Acids ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Blood Serum ◽  
Demyelinating Disease ◽  
Initial Step ◽  
Control Group ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Amino Acids Profile

Multiple sclerosis is the most common demyelinating disease of the central nervous system, affecting mostly young people. There were many risk factors for MS identified, however a direct cause of the disease is still unknown. Pathological changes in the SM lead to the myelin sheath damage around axons, what prevents proper transmission of nerve impulses in the central nervous system. The aim of this study was analyzing and comparing the amino acids profile in the blood serum of MS patients to control group of healthy individuals and evaluating the relationship between them. Significant (p<0.05) differences in the level of glutamate, aspartate and taurine in the blood serum of MS patients were revealed. A positive glutamate and aspartate level correlation in the serum has been demonstrated. Gender is significant only in the case of glutamate level in blood serum. The studies highlight the important role of neurotransmitters in MS and are the initial step in proteomic research.

Minor Physical Anomalies and Hyperactivity

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1974 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 522-522
Author(s):  
Richard J. Schain
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Early Development ◽  
Behavior Disorder ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Hyperactive Behavior ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Minor Physical Anomalies

The paper by Quinn and Rapoport1 in the May issue of Pediatrics indicates a higher incidence of minor physical anomalies ("stigmata") in hyperactive boys compared to a control group. The authors believe that the presence of stigmata are a clue to the occurrence of insults affecting the fetus during early development. It is suggested that the hyperactive behavior disorder is also a result of the same insult affecting the central nervous system during early morphogenesis.

scholarly journals Intracerebral injection of proinflammatory cytokines or leukocyte chemotaxins induces minimal myelomonocytic cell recruitment to the parenchyma of the central nervous system.

1992 ◽  
Vol 176 (1) ◽  
pp. 255-259 ◽  
Author(s):  
P B Andersson ◽  
V H Perry ◽  
S Gordon
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Leukocyte Adhesion ◽  
Platelet Activating Factor ◽  
Intracerebral Injection ◽  
Necrosis Factor Alpha ◽  
Cell Recruitment ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Factor Alpha ◽  
Necrosis Factor

Neither excitotoxic neurodegeneration nor lipopolysaccharide induces an acute myelomonocytic exudate in the murine central nervous system (CNS) parenchyma (Andersson, P.-B., V. H. Perry, and S. Gordon. 1991. Neuroscience, 42:201; Andersson, P.-B., V. H. Perry, and S. Gordon. 1992. Neuroscience 48:169). In this study formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine, platelet-activating factor, interleukin 8 (IL-8), IL-1, or tumor necrosis factor alpha were injected into the hippocampus to assess whether these leukocyte chemotaxins and known mediators of recruitment could bypass this block. They induced morphologic activation of microglia and widespread leukocyte margination but little or no cell exudation into the CNS parenchyma. By contrast, there was acute myelomonocytic cell recruitment to the choroid plexus, meninges, and ventricular system, comparable to that in the skin after subcutaneous injection. The normal CNS parenchyma appears to be a tissue unique in its resistance to leukocyte diapedesis, which is shown here to be at a step beyond chemotactic cytokine secretion or induction of leukocyte adhesion to cerebral endothelium.

scholarly journals The behavior of migraine in patients with Parkinson's disease

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Celmir De Oliveira Vilaça ◽  
Marco Antonio Araujo Leite ◽  
Jano Alves De Souza ◽  
Marco Orsini ◽  
João Santos Pereira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Dopaminergic Systems ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Dopaminergic Pathways ◽  
Over 40 Years

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is characterized by the degeneration of dopaminergic systems in the central nervous system. In migraine it is supposed to occur hyperactivation of central dopaminergic pathways. We verified the hypothesis of improved migraine in patients who manifest PD. We evaluated 109 patients with PD over 40 years (57 men and 52 women) about the presence throughout the life of migraine, as well as the possibility of improvement in migraine after the onset of motor symptoms of PD. This group was compared to a control group of 152 people (41 men and 152 women) without PD regarding the presence of migraine and its improvement. Twenty-one patients manifested migraine in the group with PD (16 women and 5 men) in which 13 reported improvement in migraine after the onset of symptoms of PD. Among the controls, 37 interviewed had migraine history (32 women and 5 men) among which 20 showed improvement. There was no significant difference when comparing the two groups (χ21:0,05=0.337; P&lt;0.382). We were unable to relate the improvement of migraine with the emergence of PD motor signs, despite the degeneration of dopaminergic pathways of the central nervous system.

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