scholarly journals Delayed Asthmatic Response to Allergen Challenge and Cytokines Released by Nonspecifically Stimulated Blood Cells

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zdenek Pelikan
Keyword(s):  
Blood Cells ◽  
Allergen Challenge ◽  
Th1 Cells ◽  
Asthmatic Response ◽  
Asthma Patients ◽  
Additional Role ◽  
Bronchial Allergen Challenge ◽  
Support Evidence

Background. Bronchial asthma patients can develop various asthmatic response types following bronchial allergen challenge, such as immediate (IAR), late (LAR), dual late (DLAR), or delayed (DYAR), due to different immunologic mechanisms. The DYAR, recorded in 24 patients, beginning between 26 and 32 hrs and lasting up to 56 hrs after the bronchial allergen challenge, differs from the IAR, LAR, and DLAR in clinical, diagnostic, and immunologic aspects. Objective. To investigate amounts of particular cytokines released by the blood cells after an additional nonspecific stimulation with Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) during the DYAR. Methods. In 24 patients, the repeated DYAR was supplemented with determination of cytokines both in the nonstimulated plasma and in the supernatants of the blood cells stimulated with PMA before and up to 72 hours after the bronchial challenge, by means of enzyme-linked immunoassay. Results. No significant changes of the prechallenge cytokine concentrations in the non-stimulated serum were recorded in the DYAR patients as compared with the healthy subjects. The DYAR was accompanied by significantly increased postchallenge concentrations (P<0.05) of IL-2, IL-8, IL-12p70, IL-13, IL-18, IFN-γ, G-CSF, TNF-α, and TGF-β, while decreased concentration of IL-7 (P<0.05) in the nonstimulated plasma. The significantly increased postchallenge concentrations of IL-2, IL-8, IL-12p70, IL-13, IL-18, IFN-γ, TNF-α, and TGF-β were released by peripheral blood cells after stimulation with PMA, as compared with both their prechallenge concentrations and with the PBS control values. Conclusions. These results would support evidence for an important role of the Th1 cells, neutrophils, monocytes, and probably also NK cells in the immunologic mechanism(s) leading to the development of the clinical DYAR. Nevertheless, an additional role of macrophages, endothelial and epithelial cells in these mechanisms cannot be even excluded.

scholarly journals Expression of Surface Markers on the Blood Cells during the Delayed Asthmatic Response to Allergen Challenge

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. ar.2014.5.0087 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zdenek Pelikan
Keyword(s):  
Nk Cells ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Allergen Challenge ◽  
Surface Markers ◽  
Asthmatic Response ◽  
Bronchial Challenge ◽  
Late Asthmatic Response ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Hypersensitivity Mechanism ◽  
Bronchial Allergen Challenge

Patients with bronchial asthma develop various types of asthmatic response to bronchial challenge with allergen, such as immediate/early asthmatic response (IAR), late asthmatic response (LAR) or delayed asthmatic response (DYAR), because of different immunologic mechanisms. The DYAR, occurring between 24 and 56 hours after the bronchial allergen challenge (p < 0.01), differs from IAR and LAR in clinical as well as immunologic features. This study investigates the expression of CD molecules (markers) on the surface of particular cell populations in the peripheral blood and their changes during the DYAR. In 17 patients developing the DYAR (p < 0.01), the bronchial challenge with allergen was repeated 2–6 weeks later. The repeated DYAR (p < 0.001) was combined with recording of CD molecule expression on various types of blood cells by means of flow cytometry up to 72 hours after the challenge. The results were expressed in percent of the mean relative fluorescence intensity. The DYAR was accompanied by (a) increased expression of CD11b, CD11b/18, CD16, CD32, CD35, CD62E, CD62L, CD64, and CD66b on neutrophils; CD203C on basophils; CD25and CD62L on eosinophils; CD14, CD16, CD64, and CD86 on monocytes; CD3, CD4, CD8, CD11a, CD18, and CD69 on lymphocytes; CD16, CD56, CD57, and CD94 on natural killer (NK) cells; and CD31, CD41, CD61, CD62P, and CD63 on thrombocytes and (b) decreased expression of CD18 and CD62L on eosinophils, CD15 on neutrophils, and CD40 on lymphocytes. These results suggest involvement of cell-mediated hypersensitivity mechanism, on participation of Th1- lymphocytes, neutrophils, monocytes, NK cells, and thrombocytes in the DYAR.

scholarly journals Mechanisms of amphipath-induced stomatocytosis in human erythrocytes

Blood ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 79 (3) ◽  
pp. 782-786 ◽  
Author(s):  
SL Schrier ◽  
A Zachowski ◽  
PF Devaux
Keyword(s):  
Blood Cells ◽  
Shape Change ◽  
Drug Induced ◽  
Inhibiting Effect ◽  
Outer Leaflet ◽  
Human Red Blood Cells ◽  
Spin Resonance ◽  
Vanadate Inhibition

Abstract We studied stomatocytosis induced in human red blood cells (RBC) by vinblastine and chlorpromazine, monitoring the movements of spin- labeled phosphatidylcholine (PC*) and sphingomyelin (SM*) by electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy. This technique allows determination of the fraction of labeled lipids, respectively, on the external leaflet, on the cytosol face, or trapped in endocytic vacuoles. Both vinblastine and chlorpromazine produce a time- and concentration- dependent stomatocytic shape change, which is paralleled by a shift of approximately 10% to 33% of outer leaflet SM* and PC* inward. Of this amount, 8% to 12% was trapped in endocytic vacuoles and 8% to 19% had flipped to the inner leaflet. Vanadate, while inhibiting the stomatocytosis, did not block the flip of either SM* or PC* to the inner leaflet. To explain the inhibiting effect of vanadate, as well as the adenosine triphosphate (ATP) requirement for drug-induced stomatocytosis, we propose the following model: (1) addition of amphipath partially scrambles the bilayer; and (2) the flop of phosphatidylserine (PS) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) to the outer leaflet provides substrate for the aminophospholipid translocase (APLT), which flips back PS and PE inward faster than PC or SM can diffuse outward--thereby producing inner layer expansion or stomatocytosis. This role of APLT accounts for the vanadate inhibition of amphipath stomatocytosis. However, the vanadate effect can be overcome by increasing the amphipath concentration, which at such levels probably passively expands the inner leaflet.

THE SIGNIFICANCE OF THE CONTENT OF LOW AND MEDIUM MOLECULAR WEIGHT SUBSTANCES AND OLIGOPEPTIDES IN THE PATHOGENESIS OF VARICELLA

2021 ◽  
pp. 185-192
Author(s):  
Margity M.M. ◽  
Marzhokhova M.Y. ◽  
Hadzegova S.B.
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Blood Plasma ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Maximum Level ◽  
Body Fluids ◽  
Endogenous Intoxication ◽  
Complicated Course

Endogenous intoxication syndrome is an important link in the pathogenesis of many infectious diseases. The role of low and medium molecular weight substances and oligopeptides acting as indicators of endogenous intoxication syndrome in the pathogenesis of varicella was studied, depending on the period of the disease, the severity of the course and the presence of complications. Based on this goal, 125 patients with varicella aged 18 to 49 years were examined. Determination of the content of substances of low and medium molecular weight in biological body fluids (blood plasma, red blood cells and urine) was carried out by the method of M. Ya.Malakhova (1995) on a spectrophotometer SF-46. The Lowru (1951) method was used to determine the level of oligopeptides in body fluids. The maximum level of substances of low and medium molecular weight was observed in patients with a complicated course of varicella during the height of the disease, as well as in patients with a severe course of the disease during the height. When determining the oligopeptides, the highest values were also obtained at the height of the disease in the severe course, as well as in the complicated course at admission. During the examination, the dependence of the studied indicators on the period of the disease, the severity, as well as the presence of complications was revealed. Thus, the most pronounced changes in the level of low and medium molecular weight substances and oligopeptides were observed in severe, and the least – in the mild course of varicella in all the studied media. In patients with developed complications, the disease was more severe, while the changes in the studied parameters were more pronounced.

scholarly journals Simultaneous determination of 6-thioguanine and methyl 6-mercaptopurine nucleotides of azathioprine in red blood cells by HPLC

1998 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 551-555 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thierry Dervieux ◽  
Roselyne Boulieu
Keyword(s):  
Acid Hydrolysis ◽  
Simultaneous Determination ◽  
Perchloric Acid ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Hplc Method ◽  
Treatment Procedure ◽  
Toxic Activity ◽  
Rapid Treatment

Abstract 6-thioguanine (6-TGN) and methyl 6-mercaptopurine nucleotides (Me6-MPNs) are the two major metabolites found in erythrocytes after administration of azathioprine. In an attempt to understand the role of these metabolites in the pharmacologic and toxic activity of thiopurines, we have developed a HPLC method for the simultaneous determination of 6-TGNs and Me6-MPNs in erythrocytes. A simple and rapid treatment procedure based on deproteinization by perchloric acid with dithiothreitol is described. The nucleotides were hydrolyzed to their own bases by heating the sample for 45 min at 100 °C. During acid hydrolysis Me6-MP was converted into a compound analyzed on a Purospher RP18-e column with 0.02 mol/L dihydrogenophosphate buffer–methanol as eluents. With this procedure, mean recoveries of 73.1% and 84.0% for 6-TGN and Me6-MPN derivatives, respectively, were found

scholarly journals Fungal sensitization of patients with asthma in St. Petersburg

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 3-8
Author(s):  
Y I Kozlova ◽  
E V Frolova ◽  
A V Sobolev ◽  
O V Aak ◽  
A E Uchevatkina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Severe Asthma ◽  
Asthma Severity ◽  
Th2 Cells ◽  
Course Of Disease ◽  
Fungal Allergens ◽  
Asthma Patients ◽  
Serum Total Ige ◽  
Fungal Sensitization

Background. Fungal sensitization is associated with severe uncontrolled asthma. Connections of specific, micromycetes and fungal allergens with disease development and immunopathogenesis of asthma with fungal sensitization are not well understood. Methods. The study included 120 patients with different grades of asthma severity. Results. Fungal sensitization was detected in 48 patients with asthma (40%). Severe course of asthma with fungal sensitization was identified in 7 patients (14,6%). The main fungal allergens in patients with severe asthma were Alternaria spp. and Aspergillus spp., in patients with mild and moderate course of disease - Aspergillus spp. and Penicillium spp. Increasing of serum total IgE and enhancing the ability of blood cells to produce IL2 and IFN-y in patients with bronchial asthma with fungal sensitization were revealed. The obtained results indicated the important role of Th1 along with Th2 cells in the development of immunopathological process in asthma patients withfungal sensitization. Conclusion. Further research is necessary for determination of clinical and immunological criteria of severe asthma with fungal sensitization and study of the effectiveness of antimycotic therapy.

scholarly journals In Vivo Allergen-Activated Eosinophils Promote Collagen I and Fibronectin Gene Expression in Airway Smooth Muscle Cells via TGF-β1 Signaling Pathway in Asthma

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 1837 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ieva Janulaityte ◽  
Andrius Januskevicius ◽  
Virginija Kalinauskaite-Zukauske ◽  
Ieva Bajoriuniene ◽  
Kestutis Malakauskas
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Allergen Challenge ◽  
Airway Smooth Muscle Cells ◽  
Asthma Patients ◽  
Blood Eosinophils ◽  
Culture Supernatants ◽  
Tgf Β1 ◽  
Bronchial Allergen Challenge

Eosinophils infiltration and releasing TGF-β1 in the airways has been implicated in the pathogenesis of asthma, especially during acute episodes provoked by an allergen. TGF-β1 is a major mediator involved in pro-inflammatory responses and fibrotic tissue remodeling in asthma. We aimed to evaluate the effect of in vivo allergen-activated eosinophils on the expression of COL1A1 and FN in ASM cells in asthma. A total of 12 allergic asthma patients and 11 healthy subjects were examined. All study subjects underwent bronchial challenge with D. pteronyssinus allergen. Eosinophils from peripheral blood were isolated before and 24 h after the bronchial allergen challenge using high-density centrifugation and magnetic separation. Individual co-cultures of blood eosinophils and immortalized human ASM cells were prepared. The TGF-β1 concentration in culture supernatants was analyzed using ELISA. Gene expression was analyzed using qRT-PCR. Eosinophils integrins were suppressed with linear RGDS peptide before co-culture with ASM cells. Results: The expression of TGF-β1 in asthmatic eosinophils significantly increased over non-activated asthmatic eosinophils after allergen challenge, p < 0.001. The TGF-β1 concentration in culture supernatants was significantly higher in samples with allergen-activated asthmatic eosinophils compared to baseline, p < 0.05. The effect of allergen-activated asthmatic eosinophils on the expression of TGF-β1, COL1A1, and FN in ASM cells was more significant compared to non-activated eosinophils, p < 0.05, however, no difference was found on WNT-5A expression. The incubation of allergen-activated asthmatic eosinophils with RGDS peptide was more effective compared to non-activated eosinophils as the gene expression in ASM cells was downregulated equally to the same level as healthy eosinophils.

scholarly journals Development of Asthmatic Response upon Bronchial Allergen Challenge Is Associated with Dynamic Changes of Interleukin-10-Producing and Interleukin-10-Responding CD4+ T Cells

Inflammation ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 37 (6) ◽  
pp. 1945-1956 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcin Moniuszko ◽  
Kamil Grubczak ◽  
Krzysztof Kowal ◽  
Andrzej Eljaszewicz ◽  
Malgorzata Rusak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Cd4 T Cells ◽  
Allergen Challenge ◽  
Interleukin 10 ◽  
Dynamic Changes ◽  
Asthmatic Response ◽  
Bronchial Allergen Challenge
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