scholarly journals Mast Cells as a Potential Prognostic Marker in Prostate Cancer

2013 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 711-720 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gianluigi Taverna ◽  
Guido Giusti ◽  
Mauro Seveso ◽  
Rodolfo Hurle ◽  
Piergiuseppe Colombo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Mast Cells ◽  
Immunoglobulin E ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Tumor Biology ◽  
Effector Cells ◽  
Host Interactions ◽  
Adaptive Immune Cells ◽  
Primary Prostate Cancer ◽  
Intensive Investigation

Despite years of intensive investigation that has been made in understanding prostate cancer, it remains one of the major men’s health issues and the leading cause of death worldwide. It is now ascertained that prostate cancer emerges from multiple spontaneous and/or inherited alterations that induce changes in expression patterns of genes and proteins that function in complex networks controlling critical cellular events. It is now accepted that several innate and adaptive immune cells, including T- and B-lymphocytes, macrophages, natural killer cells, dendritic cells, neutrophils, eosinophils, and mast cells (MCs), infiltrate the prostate cancer. All of these cells are irregularly scattered within the tumor and loaded with an assorted array of cytokines, chemokines, and inflammatory and cytotoxic mediators. This complex framework reflects the diversity in tumor biology and tumor-host interactions. MCs are well-established effector cells in Immunoglobulin-E (Ig-E) associated immune responses and potent effector cells of the innate immune system; however, their clinical significance in prostate cancer is still debated. Here, these controversies are summarized, focusing on the implications of these findings in understanding the roles of MCs in primary prostate cancer.

scholarly journals Senescent Remodeling of the Innate and Adaptive Immune System in the Elderly Men with Prostate Cancer

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gianluigi Taverna ◽  
Mauro Seveso ◽  
Guido Giusti ◽  
Rodolfo Hurle ◽  
Pierpaolo Graziotti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Adaptive Immune System ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Elderly Men ◽  
Redox Stress ◽  
Adaptive Immune ◽  
Cellular Events ◽  
Intensive Investigation

Despite years of intensive investigation that has been made in understanding prostate cancer, it remains a major cause of death in men worldwide. Prostate cancer emerges from multiple alterations that induce changes in expression patterns of genes and proteins that function in networks controlling critical cellular events. Based on the exponential aging of the population and the increasing life expectancy in industrialized Western countries, prostate cancer in the elderly men is becoming a disease of increasing significance. Aging is a progressive degenerative process strictly integrated with inflammation. Several theories have been proposed that attempt to define the role of chronic inflammation in aging including redox stress, mitochondrial damage, immunosenescence, and epigenetic modifications. Here, we review the innate and adaptive immune systems and their senescent remodeling in elderly men with prostate cancer.

scholarly journals Immunoglobulin E–dependent Active Fatal Anaphylaxis in Mast Cell–deficient Mice

1998 ◽  
Vol 188 (9) ◽  
pp. 1587-1592 ◽  
Author(s):  
Il Hwan Choi ◽  
Young Min Shin ◽  
Jae Seung Park ◽  
Moo Sam Lee ◽  
Eue Hyeog Han ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mast Cell ◽  
Mast Cells ◽  
Immunoglobulin E ◽  
Platelet Activating Factor ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Effector Cells ◽  
Plasma Histamine Level ◽  
Central Effector ◽  
Fatal Anaphylaxis

Mast cells have long been believed to be the central effector cells in the development of immunoglobulin (Ig)E-dependent anaphylaxis. In this study, we investigated the role of mast cells in IgE-dependent hapten-induced active fatal anaphylaxis using mast cell–deficient WBB6F1- W/Wv (W/Wv) and congenic normal (+/+) mice. Although a 5-min delay in shock signs and death were observed in W/Wv mice, 100% fatal reactions to penicillin V (Pen V) occurred in both +/+ and W/Wv mice. Administration of monoclonal anti–IL-4 antibody completely prevented the fatal reactions, and the effect of anti–IL-4 was associated with its suppressive activity on Pen V–specific serum levels of IgE, but not IgG. The platelet-activating factor (PAF) antagonist, BN 50739, completely prevented the fatal reactions in both strains of mice. Our kinetic study revealed, in contrast to no elevation of plasma histamine level in W/Wv mice, high levels of PAF in the circulation after challenge in both +/+ and W/Wv mice, albeit to a lesser degree in the latter case. These data indicate that cells other than mast cells are sufficient to induce an IgE-dependent active fatal anaphylaxis by elaborating PAF, which is the critical mediator for fatal murine anaphylaxis.

scholarly journals c-kit ligand: a unique potentiator of mediator release by human lung mast cells.

1992 ◽  
Vol 175 (1) ◽  
pp. 237-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
S C Bischoff ◽  
C A Dahinden
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factor ◽  
Mast Cells ◽  
Cell Growth ◽  
Human Lung ◽  
Immunoglobulin E ◽  
Mediator Release ◽  
Ige Receptor ◽  
Effector Cells ◽  
Promote Cell Proliferation ◽  
Kit Ligand

Mast cells (MC) play a central role in extrinsic allergic reactions such as asthma and may participate in other inflammatory and fibrotic processes. However, with the exception of immunoglobulin E (IgE) receptor-dependent stimulation, no secretagogues of human lung MC have yet been described. It is also unclear whether mediator release can be regulated by certain cytokines as demonstrated previously in basophils and other human inflammatory effector cells. Here, we show that the c-kit ligand (KL), a recently identified stem cell growth factor, at concentrations 10-100 times lower than that required to promote cell proliferation, enhances the release of histamine and leukotriene C4 in response to IgE receptor crosslinking of human lung MC. KL does not induce mediator release per se, but increases the sensitivity of MC to anti-IgE receptor stimulation and also enhances mediator release to maximally effective concentrations of anti-IgE receptor antibody. By contrast, a large number of cytokines examined, including the mast cell growth factors/agonists in rodents, interleukin 3 (IL-3), IL-4, IL-9, and nerve growth factor, were ineffective in this respect. These findings suggest a unique role of KL in regulating effector functions of human mucosal MC.

Fetal mast cells mediate postnatal allergic responses dependent on maternal IgE

Science ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 370 (6519) ◽  
pp. 941-950 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rasha Msallam ◽  
Jozef Balla ◽  
Abhay P. S. Rathore ◽  
Hassen Kared ◽  
Benoit Malleret ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mast Cells ◽  
Airway Inflammation ◽  
Allergic Disease ◽  
Immunoglobulin E ◽  
Early Age ◽  
Allergic Reactions ◽  
Neonatal Fc Receptor ◽  
Effector Cells ◽  
Human And Mouse ◽  
Central Effector

Mast cells (MCs) are central effector cells in allergic reactions that are often mediated by immunoglobulin E (IgE). Allergies commonly start at an early age, and both MCs and IgE are detectable in fetuses. However, the origin of fetal IgE and whether fetal MCs can degranulate in response to IgE-dependent activation are presently unknown. Here, we show that human and mouse fetal MCs phenotypically mature through pregnancy and can be sensitized by maternal IgE. IgE crossed the placenta, dependent on the fetal neonatal Fc receptor (FcRN), and sensitized fetal MCs for allergen-specific degranulation. Both passive and active prenatal sensitization conferred allergen sensitivity, resulting in postnatal skin and airway inflammation after the first allergen encounter. We report a role for MCs within the developing fetus and demonstrate that fetal MCs may contribute to antigen-specific vertical transmission of allergic disease.

scholarly journals Immunohistochemical PSMA expression patterns of primary prostate cancer tissue are associated with the detection rate of biochemical recurrence with 68Ga-PSMA-11-PET

Theranostics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (14) ◽  
pp. 6082-6094 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela A. Ferraro ◽  
Jan H. Rüschoff ◽  
Urs J. Muehlematter ◽  
Benedikt Kranzbühler ◽  
Julian Müller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Biochemical Recurrence ◽  
Detection Rate ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Cancer Tissue ◽  
Primary Prostate Cancer ◽  
Prostate Cancer Tissue ◽  
Psma Expression

The epigenetic potentials of dietary polyphenols in prostate cancer management

2013 ◽  
Vol 91 (6) ◽  
pp. 361-368 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ata Abbas ◽  
William Patterson ◽  
Philippe T. Georgel
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Posttranslational Modifications ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Tumor Biology ◽  
Dietary Polyphenols ◽  
Anticancer Properties ◽  
Cancer Management ◽  
Cancer Pathogenesis ◽  
Causes And Risk Factors ◽  
Prostate Cancer Management

Prostate cancer is a disease that is greatly affected by lifestyle, particularly diet, and is more prevalent in US and European countries compared with South and East Asia. Among several known causes and risk factors, nutrition plays an important role in prostate cancer pathogenesis. Various dietary components including polyphenols have been shown to possess anticancer properties. Dietary polyphenols have been the subject of extensive studies for the last decade because of their anticancer and chemopreventive potentials. Besides possessing various antitumor properties, dietary polyphenols also contribute to epigenetic changes associated with the fate of cancer cells and have emerged as potential drugs for therapeutic intervention. Various polyphenols have been shown to affect DNA methylation, histone posttranslational modifications, and microRNA expression patterns in prostate cancer. In this review, we discuss the contribution of dietary polyphenols to various epigenetic modifications in prostate cancer. Since prostate cancer and diet are intimately associated, polyphenol-rich diets that epigenetically modify tumor biology have great significance in the prevention and management of prostate cancer.

scholarly journals IgE- and IgE+Ag-mediated mast cell migration in an autocrine/paracrine fashion

Blood ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 105 (8) ◽  
pp. 3222-3229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiro Kitaura ◽  
Tatsuya Kinoshita ◽  
Masaaki Matsumoto ◽  
Shaun Chung ◽  
Yuko Kawakami ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mast Cell ◽  
Cell Migration ◽  
Mast Cells ◽  
Tyrosine Kinases ◽  
Immunoglobulin E ◽  
Leukotriene B4 ◽  
Allergic Reactions ◽  
Effector Cells ◽  
Mucosal Tissues ◽  
Paracrine Secretion

AbstractMast cells are the major effector cells for immediate hypersensitivity and chronic allergic reactions. These cells accumulate in mucosal tissues of allergic reactions, where immunoglobulin E (IgE) is produced locally. Here we provide evidence that, in addition to antigen that can attract IgE-bound mast cells, the type of IgE molecules that efficiently activate mast cells can promote the migration of mast cells in the absence of antigen. IgE- and IgE+Ag-mediated migration involves an autocrine/paracrine secretion of soluble factors including adenosine, leukotriene B4, and several chemokines. Their secretion depends on 2 tyrosine kinases, Lyn and Syk, and they are agonists of G-protein-coupled receptors and signal through phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase γ, leading to mast cell migration. In mouse experiments, naive mast cells are attracted to IgE, and IgE-sensitized mast cells are attracted to antigen. Therefore, IgE and antigen are implicated in mast cell accumulation at allergic tissue sites with local high IgE levels. (Blood. 2005;105:3222-3229)

PET/CT WITH 68GA-PSMA-11 IN DETECTION OF PRIMARY TUMOR AND RECURRENCE OF PROSTATE CANCER

2018 ◽  
Vol 64 (6) ◽  
pp. 799-804
Author(s):  
Darya Ryzhkova ◽  
M. Poyda
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Primary Tumor ◽  
Biochemical Recurrence ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Negative Results ◽  
Primary Prostate Cancer ◽  
Pet Ct ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Positive Results ◽  
T Category

Purpose: To study the diagnostic value of PET-CT with 68Ga-PSMA-11 in the diagnosis of a primary prostate cancer, preoperative staging, and the detection of recurrence of prostate cancer (PCa). Methods: 28 patients aged 64.7 ± 8.74 years were included. 10 patients primary prostate cancer, and 18 patients with biochemical recurrence of the disease after radical treatment were examined. All patients underwent PET-CT with 68Ga-PSMA-11 according the whole body protocol. Interpretation of images was performed visually and quantitatively by calculation of SUL max. Results: High focal or diffuse 68Ga-PSMA-11 uptake was found in prostate parenchyma in patients with primary prostate cancer. Additionally metastases in regional lymph nodes were diagnosed in 4 patients and bone metastases were found in one patient. The correlation between 68Ga-PSMA-11 uptake level and Gleason index in the primary tumor (R Spearmen = 0.25, p = 0.57) was not observed. PET-positive results were obtained in 14 patients and PET-negative results in 4 patients with biochemical recurrence of PCa. The relationship between the frequency of PET-positive results and Gleason index was not revealed (R Spearmen = 0.2, p = 0.39). We found a weak but significant correlation between the frequency of PET-positive results and the prostate tumor stage according to the T category (R Spearmen = 0.49, p = 0.049). In patients with low values of PSA (less than 1.0 ng/ml) in 4 out of 9 cases, PET-negative results were obtained. In patients with PSA level more than 1.0 ng/ml PET-positive results were obtained in all cases. Conclusions: PET/CT with 68Ga-PSMA-11 allows to diagnose the primary prostate cancer, to establish the stage of the disease in categories N and M, and also to determine the localization and dissemination of the tumor in patients with biochemical recurrence of prostate cancer. The relationship between 68Ga-PSMA-11 uptake in primary tumor and Gleason index was not found. The probability of obtaining PET-positive results in cases of biochemical recurrence is affected by a PSA level above 1 ng/ml and a high stage of the disease according to the T category (T3-T4).

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