scholarly journals Choice of Cell Source in Cell-Based Therapies for Retinal Damage due to Age-Related Macular Degeneration: A Review

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sudhakar John ◽  
Sundaram Natarajan ◽  
Periyasamy Parikumar ◽  
Mahesh Shanmugam P ◽  
Rajappa Senthilkumar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Macular Degeneration ◽  
Pigment Epithelium ◽  
Retinal Pigment ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Age Related Macular Degeneration ◽  
Retinal Neurons ◽  
Hematopoietic Stem ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Cell Source

Background. Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a complex disorder that affects primarily the macula involving the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) but also to a certain extent the photoreceptor layer and the retinal neurons. Cell transplantation is a promising option for AMD and clinical trials are underway using different cell types.Methods. We hypothesize that instead of focusing on a particular cell source for concurrent regeneration of all the retinal layers and also to prevent exhaustive research on an array of cell sources for regeneration of each layer, the choice should depend on, precisely, which layer is damaged.Results. Thus, for a damage limited to the retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) layer, the choice we suggest would be RPE cells. When the damage extends to rods and cones, the choice would be bone marrow stem cells and when retinal neurons are involved, relatively immature stem cell populations with an inherent capacity to yield neuronal lineage such as hematopoietic stem cells, embryonic stem cells, or induced pluripotent stem cells can be tried.Conclusion. This short review will prove to be a valuable guideline for those working on cell therapy for AMD to plan their future directions of research and therapy for this condition.

scholarly journals Non-medical treatment for late age-related macular degeneration

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 215-219
Author(s):  
A.K. Drakon ◽  
◽  
A.G. Kurguzova ◽  
V.M. Sheludchenko ◽  
N.B. Korchazhkina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Gene Therapy ◽  
Medical Treatment ◽  
Macular Degeneration ◽  
Retinal Pigment ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Age Related Macular Degeneration ◽  
Target Cells ◽  
Specific Gene ◽  
Age Related

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of blindness in people over 55 in developed countries. Moreover, the number of these patients will increase growth as life expectancy increases. It is estimated that late AMD accounts for half of blindness and low vision cases in European countries. A myriad of studies is currently underway to discover cutting-edge, effective therapeutic modalities. Gene therapy is a novel alternative to regular intravitreal injections of anti-VEGF agents for late wet AMD. This technique’s heart is a specific gene delivery to target cells to generate natural VEGF inhibitors. Gene therapy affecting the complement system to deactivate its end product, the membrane attack complex, is reasonable in late atrophic AMD. Studies on stem cell therapy for late atrophic AMD undergo as well. It was demonstrated that retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells derived from human embryonic stem cells or induced pluripotent stem cells express typical RPE markers that can phagocytize photoreceptor segments. Electrical stimulation and magnet therapy are already introduced into clinical practice to rehabilitate patients with late AMD. Magnetic and electrical fields improve impulse transmitting, activate intracellular and tissue regeneration of the retina. Recent findings are promising but require further in-depth studies. Keywords: age-related macular degeneration, retinal scar, gene therapy, stem cells, physiotherapy, rehabilitative medicine. For citation: Drakon A.K., Kurguzova A.G., Sheludchenko V.M., Korchazhkina N.B. Non-medical treatment for late age-related macular degeneration. Russian Journal of Clinical Ophthalmology. 2021;21(4):215–219 (in Russ.). DOI: 10.32364/2311-7729-2021-21-4-215-219.

scholarly journals Investigation of Differentiated Embryonic Stem Cells Growth on Optimized Porous Polymeric Bed with Fuzzy System

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saleheh Shahmoradi ◽  
Fatemeh Yazdian ◽  
Amin Janghorbani ◽  
Leila Satarian ◽  
Farnaz Behroozi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Embryonic Stem Cells ◽  
Retinal Pigment Epithelium ◽  
Pigment Epithelium ◽  
Retinal Pigment ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Age Related Macular Degeneration ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Retinal Pigment Epithelium Cells ◽  
Epithelium Cells

Introduction: Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is one of the retina diseases in which retinal pigment epithelium cells are degraded and lead to blindness. Available treatments only slow down the progression of it. In this study, human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) differentiated into retinal pigment epithelium cells were cultured on a polycaprolactone scaffold. Methods: The optimization of the diameter of the produced scaffolds by electrospinning method was done using the fuzzy method for the first time. To improve cell adhesion and proliferation, related parameters to alkaline hydrolysis method were optimized and hydrophobic surface of scaffold was modified. After in vitro analysis, cells were cultured on different groups of scaffolds. In vivo analyses were done and cells culture on scaffolds observed. Results: The optimal parameters for the scaffold based on the fuzzy model were 18.1 kV for voltage, 0.07 g / ml for solution concentration and 115 nm for scaffold diameter, respectively. The immersion time of the scaffold in alkaline solution and concentration of solution were measured 97 min and 3.7 M, respectively. The treated scaffold had a higher degradation rate and water adsorption. MTT-Assay results showed that scaffolds with modified surfaces had a higher amount of cell viability and proliferation after 7 days. SEM image results confirmed this finding after almost two months. Additionally, the results of ICC test showed that after passing this time, cells kept their RPE and epithelium. Conclusion: Based on the results, the hydrolyzed scaffold is a suitable substrate for cell proliferation and can be a good option for AMD treatment.

scholarly journals Role of amyloid β-peptide in the pathogenesis of age-related macular degeneration

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. e000774
Author(s):  
Minwei Wang ◽  
Shiqi Su ◽  
Shaoyun Jiang ◽  
Xinghuai Sun ◽  
Jiantao Wang
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Dysfunction ◽  
Macular Degeneration ◽  
Vision Loss ◽  
Cell Structure ◽  
Pigment Epithelium ◽  
Retinal Pigment ◽  
Amyloid Β ◽  
Age Related Macular Degeneration ◽  
Amyloid Β Peptide ◽  
Age Related

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the most common eye disease in elderly patients, which could lead to irreversible vision loss and blindness. Increasing evidence indicates that amyloid β-peptide (Aβ) might be associated with the pathogenesis of AMD. In this review, we would like to summarise the current findings in this field. The literature search was done from 1995 to Feb, 2021 with following keywords, ‘Amyloid β-peptide and age-related macular degeneration’, ‘Inflammation and age-related macular degeneration’, ‘Angiogenesis and age-related macular degeneration’, ‘Actin cytoskeleton and amyloid β-peptide’, ‘Mitochondrial dysfunction and amyloid β-peptide’, ‘Ribosomal dysregulation and amyloid β-peptide’ using search engines Pubmed, Google Scholar and Web of Science. Aβ congregates in subretinal drusen of patients with AMD and participates in the pathogenesis of AMD through enhancing inflammatory activity, inducing mitochondrial dysfunction, altering ribosomal function, regulating the lysosomal pathway, affecting RNA splicing, modulating angiogenesis and modifying cell structure in AMD. The methods targeting Aβ are shown to inhibit inflammatory signalling pathway and restore the function of retinal pigment epithelium cells and photoreceptor cells in the subretinal region. Targeting Aβ may provide a novel therapeutic strategy for AMD.

scholarly journals Retinal Pigment Epithelium Expressed Toll-like Receptors and Their Potential Role in Age-Related Macular Degeneration

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (16) ◽  
pp. 8387
Author(s):  
Alexa Klettner ◽  
Johann Roider
Keyword(s):  
Retinal Pigment Epithelium ◽  
Inflammatory Response ◽  
Macular Degeneration ◽  
Pigment Epithelium ◽  
Retinal Pigment ◽  
Age Related Macular Degeneration ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Toll Like Receptors ◽  
Cell Degeneration ◽  
Age Related

(1) Background: Inflammation is a major pathomechanism in the development and progression of age-related macular degeneration (AMD). The retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) may contribute to retinal inflammation via activation of its Toll-like receptors (TLR). TLR are pattern recognition receptors that detect the pathogen- or danger-associated molecular pattern. The involvement of TLR activation in AMD is so far not understood. (2) Methods: We performed a systematic literature research, consulting the National Library of Medicine (PubMed). (3) Results: We identified 106 studies, of which 54 were included in this review. Based on these studies, the current status of TLR in AMD, the effects of TLR in RPE activation and of the interaction of TLR activated RPE with monocytic cells are given, and the potential of TLR activation in RPE as part of the AMD development is discussed. (4) Conclusion: The activation of TLR2, -3, and -4 induces a profound pro-inflammatory response in the RPE that may contribute to (long-term) inflammation by induction of pro-inflammatory cytokines, reducing RPE function and causing RPE cell degeneration, thereby potentially constantly providing new TLR ligands, which could perpetuate and, in the long run, exacerbate the inflammatory response, which may contribute to AMD development. Furthermore, the combined activation of RPE and microglia may exacerbate neurotoxic effects.

scholarly journals The Impact of Oxidative Stress on Blood-Retinal Barrier Physiology in Age-Related Macular Degeneration

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 64
Author(s):  
Annamaria Tisi ◽  
Marco Feligioni ◽  
Maurizio Passacantando ◽  
Marco Ciancaglini ◽  
Rita Maccarone
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Macular Degeneration ◽  
Pigment Epithelium ◽  
Retinal Pigment ◽  
Age Related Macular Degeneration ◽  
Blood Retinal Barrier ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Age Related ◽  
The Impact

The blood retinal barrier (BRB) is a fundamental eye component, whose function is to select the flow of molecules from the blood to the retina and vice-versa, and its integrity allows the maintenance of a finely regulated microenvironment. The outer BRB, composed by the choriocapillaris, the Bruch’s membrane, and the retinal pigment epithelium, undergoes structural and functional changes in age-related macular degeneration (AMD), the leading cause of blindness worldwide. BRB alterations lead to retinal dysfunction and neurodegeneration. Several risk factors have been associated with AMD onset in the past decades and oxidative stress is widely recognized as a key factor, even if the exact AMD pathophysiology has not been exactly elucidated yet. The present review describes the BRB physiology, the BRB changes occurring in AMD, the role of oxidative stress in AMD with a focus on the outer BRB structures. Moreover, we propose the use of cerium oxide nanoparticles as a new powerful anti-oxidant agent to combat AMD, based on the relevant existing data which demonstrated their beneficial effects in protecting the outer BRB in animal models of AMD.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document