scholarly journals Heat Shock Proteins: Stimulators of Innate and Acquired Immunity

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Camilo A. Colaco ◽  
Christopher R. Bailey ◽  
K. Barry Walker ◽  
James Keeble
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Heat Shock ◽  
Heat Shock Proteins ◽  
Innate Immune Response ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Rational Vaccine Design ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Shock Proteins ◽  
Antigen Presenting ◽  
Molecular Patterns

Adjuvants were reintroduced into modern immunology as the dirty little secret of immunologists by Janeway and thus began the molecular definition of innate immunity. It is now clear that the binding of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) by pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) on antigen presenting cells (APCs) activates the innate immune response and provides the host with a rapid mechanism for detecting infection by pathogens and initiates adaptive immunity. Ironically, in addition to advancing the basic science of immunology, Janeway’s revelation on induction of the adaptive system has also spurred an era of rational vaccine design that exploits PRRs. Thus, defined PAMPs that bind to known PRRs are being specifically coupled to antigens to improve their immunogenicity. However, while PAMPs efficiently activate the innate immune response, they do not mediate the capture of antigen that is required to elicit the specific responses of the acquired immune system. Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are molecular chaperones that are found complexed to client polypeptides and have been studied as potential cancer vaccines. In addition to binding PRRs and activating the innate immune response, HSPs have been shown to both induce the maturation of APCs and provide chaperoned polypeptides for specific triggering of the acquired immune response.

Cytokine function of heat shock proteins

2004 ◽  
Vol 286 (4) ◽  
pp. C739-C744 ◽  
Author(s):  
Min-Fu Tsan ◽  
Baochong Gao
Keyword(s):  
Heat Shock ◽  
Heat Shock Proteins ◽  
Innate Immune System ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Heat Sensitivity ◽  
Receptor Complex ◽  
Shock Proteins ◽  
Antigen Presenting ◽  
Tlr4 Receptor

Extensive work in the last 10 years has suggested that heat shock proteins (HSPs) may be potent activators of the innate immune system. It has been reported that Hsp60, Hsp70, Hsp90, and gp96 are capable of inducing the production of proinflammatory cytokines by the monocyte-macrophage system and the activation and maturation of dendritic cells (antigen-presenting cells) in a manner similar to the effects of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and bacterial lipoprotein, e.g., via CD14/Toll-like receptor2 (TLR2) and CD14/TLR4 receptor complex-mediated signal transduction pathways. However, recent evidence suggests that the reported cytokine effects of HSPs may be due to the contaminating LPS and LPS-associated molecules. The reasons for previous failure to recognize the contaminant(s) as being responsible for the reported HSP cytokine effects include failure to use highly purified, low-LPS preparations of HSPs; failure to recognize the heat sensitivity of LPS; and failure to consider contaminant(s) other than LPS. Thus it is essential that efforts should be directed to conclusively determine whether the reported HSP cytokine effects are due to HSPs or to contaminant(s) present in the HSP preparations before further exploring the implication and therapeutic potential of the putative cytokine function of HSPs.

Heat-shock proteins as activators of the innate immune system

2002 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 130-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert P.A Wallin ◽  
Andreas Lundqvist ◽  
Solveig H Moré ◽  
Arne von Bonin ◽  
Rolf Kiessling ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Heat Shock ◽  
Heat Shock Proteins ◽  
Innate Immune System ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Shock Proteins

2. First responders: the innate immune response

2017 ◽  
pp. 17-29
Author(s):  
Paul Klenerman
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Innate Immune Response ◽  
Acute Phase Response ◽  
First Responders ◽  
Fundamental Question ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Rapid Action ◽  
Molecular Patterns ◽  
Damage Associated Molecular Patterns

How does the immune system know when to respond? ‘First responders: the innate immune response’ considers this fundamental question that is central to understanding both normal (e.g. to infections) and abnormal (e.g. in auto-immune diseases) responses; and designing vaccines and new therapies in cancer and infectious diseases. It looks at how ‘danger’ is sensed by the immune system through pathogen-associated molecular patterns and damage-associated molecular patterns. Having been alerted, it is important that rapid action is taken to limit the spread of a pathogen. A number of responses can be initiated immediately, forming a critical part of our innate immunity, which are followed by the acute phase response.

scholarly journals Comparison of Two Mice Strains, A/J and C57BL/6, in Caspase-1 Activity and IL-1βSecretion of Macrophage toMycobacterium lepraeInfection

2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tae Jin Kang ◽  
Geum Seon Lee ◽  
Se Kon Kim ◽  
Song Hou Jin ◽  
Gue Tae Chae
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Innate Immune Response ◽  
Mycobacterium Leprae ◽  
Adaptor Proteins ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Intracellular Pathogens ◽  
Caspase 1 ◽  
Molecular Patterns

A/J mice were found to have amino acid differences in Naip5, one of the NOD-like receptors (NLRs) involved in the cytosolic recognition of pathogen-associated molecular patterns and one of the adaptor proteins for caspase-1 activation. This defect was associated with a susceptibility toLegionellainfection, suggesting an important role for Naip5 in the immune response also to other intracellular pathogens, such asMycobacterium leprae. In this study, the immune responses of macrophages from A/J mice againstM. lepraewere compared to those of macrophages from C57BL/6 mice. Infection withM. lepraeinduced high levels of TNF-αproduction and NF-κB activation in A/J and C57BL/6 macrophages. Caspase-1 activation and IL-1βsecretion were also induced in both macrophages. However, macrophages from A/J mice exhibited reduced caspase-1 activation and IL-1βsecretion compared to C57BL/6 macrophages. These results suggest that NLR family proteins may have a role in the innate immune response toM. leprae.

Enhancement of Th1 immune response by CD8α+ dendritic cells loaded with heat shock proteins enriched tumor extract in tumor-bearing mice

2009 ◽  
Vol 260 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abbas Azadmehr ◽  
Ali Akbar Pourfathollah ◽  
Zahra Amirghofran ◽  
Zuhair Mohammad Hassan ◽  
Seyed Mohammad Moazzeni
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Dendritic Cells ◽  
Heat Shock ◽  
Heat Shock Proteins ◽  
Tumor Bearing ◽  
Tumor Extract ◽  
Shock Proteins ◽  
Th1 Immune Response

Detection of the host immune response to Burkholderia mallei heat-shock proteins GroEL and DnaK in a glanders patient and infected mice

2007 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kei Amemiya ◽  
Jennifer L. Meyers ◽  
David DeShazer ◽  
Renaldo N. Riggins ◽  
Stephanie Halasohoris ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Heat Shock ◽  
Heat Shock Proteins ◽  
Host Immune Response ◽  
Burkholderia Mallei ◽  
Shock Proteins
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