scholarly journals Fast Disinfection ofEscherichia coliBacteria Using Carbon Nanotubes Interaction with Microwave Radiation

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samer M. Al-Hakami ◽  
Amjad B. Khalil ◽  
Tahar Laoui ◽  
Muataz Ali Atieh
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Microwave Radiation ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Water Disinfection ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Point Of Use ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Scanning Transmission ◽  
Fischer Esterification

Water disinfection has attracted the attention of scientists worldwide due to water scarcity. The most significant challenges are determining how to achieve proper disinfection without producing harmful byproducts obtained usually using conventional chemical disinfectants and developing new point-of-use methods for the removal and inactivation of waterborne pathogens. The removal of contaminants and reuse of the treated water would provide significant reductions in cost, time, liabilities, and labour to the industry and result in improved environmental stewardship. The present study demonstrates a new approach for the removal ofEscherichia coli(E. coli) from water using as-produced and modified/functionalized carbon nanotubes (CNTs) with 1-octadecanol groups (C18) under the effect of microwave irradiation. Scanning/transmission electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and FTIR spectroscopy were used to characterise the morphological/structural and thermal properties of CNTs. The 1-octadecanol (C18) functional group was attached to the surface of CNTs via Fischer esterification. The produced CNTs were tested for their efficiency in destroying the pathogenic bacteria (E. coli) in water with and without the effect of microwave radiation. A low removal rate (3–5%) of (E. coli) bacteria was obtained when CNTs alone were used, indicating that CNTs did not cause bacterial cellular death. When combined with microwave radiation, the unmodified CNTs were able to remove up to 98% of bacteria from water, while a higher removal of bacteria (up to 100%) was achieved when CNTs-C18was used under the same conditions.

scholarly journals Synthesis of nanocomposites of polypyrrole/carbon nanotubes/silver nano particles and their application in water disinfection

RSC Advances ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (27) ◽  
pp. 16878-16884 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Abdel Salam ◽  
Abdullah Y. Obaid ◽  
Reda M. El-Shishtawy ◽  
Saleh A. Mohamed
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Global Health ◽  
Health Problem ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Water Disinfection ◽  
Nano Particles ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Global Health Problem

Contamination of drinking or irrigation water with pathogenic bacteria, such as Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), is a major global health problem.

scholarly journals Characteristics of multiwalled carbon nanotubes-rhenium nanocomposites with varied rhenium mass fractions

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 184798041770717 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna D Dobrzańska-Danikiewicz ◽  
Weronika Wolany ◽  
Dariusz Łukowiec ◽  
Karolina Jurkiewicz ◽  
Paweł Niedziałkowski
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscope ◽  
Scanning Transmission Electron Microscope ◽  
Dark Field ◽  
Multiwalled Carbon ◽  
Weight Percentage ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Scanning Transmission

The purpose of the article is to discuss the process of oxidation of carbon nanotubes subsequently subjected to the process of decoration with rhenium nanoparticles. The influence of functionalization in an oxidizing medium is presented and the results of investigations using Raman spectroscopy and infrared spectroscopy are discussed. Multiwalled carbon nanotubes rhenium-type nanocomposites with the weight percentage of 10%, 20% and 30% of rhenium are also presented in the article. The structural components of such nanocomposites are carbon nanotubes decorated with rhenium nanoparticles. Microscopic examinations under transmission electron microscope and scanning transmission electron microscope using the bright and dark field confirm that nanocomposites containing about 20% of rhenium have the most homogenous structure.

Dopant Distribution Analysis in Carbon Nanotubes By Z-Contrast Imaging

2001 ◽  
Vol 7 (S2) ◽  
pp. 208-209
Author(s):  
E.C. Dickey
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Distribution Analysis ◽  
Contrast Imaging ◽  
New Class ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Structural Applications ◽  
Donor Type ◽  
Scanning Transmission ◽  
Z Contrast

Similar to graphite and carbon fullerenes, the physical properties of carbon nanotubes (NTs) can be altered by ex-situ doping or by functionalizing the nanotube walls. Such mechanisms for tailoring the properties of carbon NTs expand their potential utility in electronic, optical and structural applications. Both acceptor (e.g. I2, Br) and donor-type (e.g. K, Rb) dopants have been successfully intercalated into single-wall NT (SWNT) bundles, and the transport properties of these doped species are greatly altered. For example, iodine-doped SWNTs exhibit a 40% decrease in DC conductivity. Doped SWNTs are a completely new class of nanostructured materials, and there is a large demand for understanding the structure of the various doped-compounds as well as the ramifications for the electronic properties of the material.In this paper we demonstrate the utility of Z-contrast scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) for elucidating the structure of doped nanotubes.

scholarly journals Diarrhoea prevention in Bolivia through point-of-use water treatment and safe storage: a promising new strategy

1999 ◽  
Vol 122 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. E. QUICK ◽  
L. V. VENCZEL ◽  
E. D. MINTZ ◽  
L. SOLETO ◽  
J. APARICIO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Community Education ◽  
Water Disinfection ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Safe Storage ◽  
Point Of Use ◽  
Quality Testing ◽  
New Strategy ◽  
Diarrhoea Prevention ◽  
And Control

A novel water quality intervention that consists of point-of-use water disinfection, safe storage and community education was field tested in Bolivia. A total of 127 households in two periurban communities were randomized into intervention and control groups, surveyed and the intervention was distributed. Monthly water quality testing and weekly diarrhoea surveillance were conducted. Over a 5-month period, intervention households had 44% fewer diarrhoea episodes than control households (P=0·002). Infants <1 year old (P=0·05) and children 5–14 years old (P=0·01) in intervention households had significantly less diarrhoea than control children. Campylobacter was less commonly isolated from intervention than control patients (P=0·02). Stored water in intervention households was less contaminated with Escherichia coli than stored water in control households (P<0·0001). Intervention households exhibited less E. coli contamination of stored water and less diarrhoea than control households. This promising new strategy may have broad applicability for waterborne disease prevention.

scholarly journals Synthesis and antimicrobial photodynamic effect of methylene blue conjugated carbon nanotubes on E. coli and S. aureus

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 563-576 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paramanantham Parasuraman ◽  
V. T Anju ◽  
SB Sruthil Lal ◽  
Alok Sharan ◽  
Siddhardha Busi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Methylene Blue ◽  
Singlet Oxygen ◽  
Diode Laser ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Photodynamic Effect ◽  
E Coli

The methylene blue and CNT nanoconjugate effectively produced singlet oxygen via photoactivation using a diode laser. It was employed for aPDT against pathogenic bacteria.

scholarly journals Filling Single Wall Carbon Nanotubes with Metal Chloride and Metal Nanowires and Imaging with Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy

2001 ◽  
Vol 706 ◽  
Author(s):  
Satishkumar B. Chikkannanavar ◽  
Andreas Taubert ◽  
David E. Luzzi
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Metal Chloride ◽  
Single Wall Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Metal Nanowires ◽  
Scanning Transmission Electron ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Scanning Transmission

AbstractNanowires of magnetic metals (Ho, Gd) have been synthesized inside the hollow interior of single wall carbon nanotubes by the sealed-tube reaction. Amongst the d- and f-series metal chlorides investigated in this study, HoCl3 and GdCl3 fill the SWNTs to a significantly higher extent than FeCl2 and CoCl2. HoCl3 and GdCl3 nanowires have been transformed into the respective metal nanowires via the reduction of the chloride nanowires. The nanowires have been imaged using high-resolution transmission electron microscopy and scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM). X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy carried out in conjunction with STEM confirmed the presence of metal chloride and metal nanowires.

STEM Observation and EELS Analysis of Dopant and Catalyst Particles in Carbon Nanotubes

2000 ◽  
Vol 6 (S2) ◽  
pp. 48-49
Author(s):  
X. Fan ◽  
E.C. Dickey ◽  
A.A. Puretzky ◽  
D.B. Geohegan ◽  
S.J. Pennycook
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Arc Discharge ◽  
Interstitial Site ◽  
Single Wall Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Unexpected Result ◽  
Common Belief ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Scanning Transmission ◽  
Atomic Chains ◽  
Z Contrast

Doping carbon nanotubes with either electron donors or acceptors can improve their electrical conductivity [1-2]. In order to fully understand the doping mechanisms and the corresponding changes in the electronic properties, it is essential to reveal the spatial distribution of the dopants within the carbon nanotubes. In this study we have investigated both iodine- and bromine-doped single wall carbon nanotubes(SWNT) by Z-contrast scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM). The SWNT bundles were made by arc-discharge method and doped with either molten iodine or bromine vapor. Both iodine and bromine were incorporated linearly within the nanotube bundles as shown in Fig. l and Fig.2 respectively. Higher resolution images of iodine doped nanotubes reveals that two iodine atomic chains are inside each individual SWNT as shown in Fig. lc. This unexpected result is contrary to the common belief that dopants can only enter interstitial site of the SWNT bundles.

Direct Observation of Intercalant and Catalyst Particle in Single Wall Carbon Nanotubes

1999 ◽  
Vol 593 ◽  
Author(s):  
X. Fan ◽  
E. C. Dickey ◽  
P. Eklund ◽  
K. Williams ◽  
L. Grigorian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Catalyst Particle ◽  
Single Wall Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Contrast Imaging ◽  
Single Wall Carbon ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Scanning Transmission ◽  
Dopant Atoms ◽  
Z Contrast ◽  
Electron Energy Loss

ABSTRACTThe Z-contrast scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) imaging technique has been used to study dopant atoms and catalyst particles in single wall carbon nanotubes (SWNT). Iodine and bromine have been doped respectively in arc-grown SWNTs. We have directly observed the dopant sites and distributions. Both dopants appear to be incorporated linearly within the SWNT bundles. SWNT were also grown by pulsed laser ablation with mixed Ni and Co catalyst, and the size and distribution of catalytic particles was studied. By using Z-contrast imaging, we found that the size distribution of the catalyst particles varied over a large range, but even the smallest were larger than the diameter of an individual SWNT. Furthermore, electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) is used to determine the composition of individual nanocatalyst particles, and were found to consist of a uniform alloy of Co and Ni.

Mapping functional groups on oxidised multi-walled carbon nanotubes at the nanometre scale

2014 ◽  
Vol 50 (51) ◽  
pp. 6744-6747 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. E. Goode ◽  
N. D. M. Hine ◽  
S. Chen ◽  
S. D. Bergin ◽  
M. S. P. Shaffer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Scanning Transmission Electron Microscope ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Scanning Transmission ◽  
Multi Walled Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Walled Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Electron Energy Loss ◽  
Walled Cnts

Functional peaks have been mapped across individual multi-walled CNTs with low-dose, monochromated electron energy-loss spectroscopy (EELS) in the scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM).

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