scholarly journals Parasitic Infections: A Role for C-Type Lectins Receptors

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alicia Vázquez-Mendoza ◽  
Julio César Carrero ◽  
Miriam Rodriguez-Sosa
Keyword(s):  
Dendritic Cells ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Parasitic Infections ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Innate Immune Responses ◽  
Parasite Infections ◽  
Antigen Presenting ◽  
Molecular Patterns

Antigen-presenting cells (APCs) sense the microenvironment through several types of receptors that recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns. In particular, C-type lectins receptors (CLRs), which are expressed by distinct subsets of dendritic cells (DCs) and macrophages (MØs), recognize and internalize specific carbohydrate antigens in a Ca2+-dependent manner. The targeting of these receptors is becoming an efficient strategy for parasite recognition. However, relatively little is known about how CLRs are involved in both pathogen recognition and the internalization of parasites. The role of CLRs in parasite infections is an area of considerable interest because this research will impact our understanding of the initiation of innate immune responses, which influences the outcome of specific immune responses. This paper attempts to summarize our understanding of the effects of parasites’ interactions with CLRs.

scholarly journals Decoding the role of CBLB for innate immune responses regulating systemic dissemination during Non-Tuberculous Mycobacteria infection

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Srinivasu Mudalagiriyappa ◽  
Jaishree Sharma ◽  
Hazem F. M. Abdelaal ◽  
Thomas C. Kelly ◽  
Woosuk Choi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cell ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Granulomatous Inflammation ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Innate Immune Responses ◽  
Inflammatory Monocytes ◽  
Cell Immunity

AbstractNon-Tuberculous Mycobacteria (NTM) are ubiquitous in nature, present in soil and water, and cause primary leading to disseminated infections in immunocompromised individuals. NTM infections are surging in recent years due to an increase in an immune-suppressed population, medical interventions, and patients with underlying lung diseases. Host regulators of innate immune responses, frontiers for controlling infections and dissemination, are poorly defined during NTM infections. Here, we describe the role of CBLB, an E3-ubiquitin ligase, for innate immune responses and disease progression in a mouse model of NTM infection under compromised T-cell immunity. We found that CBLB thwarted NTM growth and dissemination in a time- and infection route- dependent manner. Mechanistically, we uncovered defects in many innate immune cells in the absence of Cblb, including poor responses of NK cells, inflammatory monocytes, and conventional dendritic cells. Strikingly, Cblb-deficient macrophages were competent to control NTM growth in vitro. Histopathology suggested the lack of early formation of granulomatous inflammation in the absence of CBLB. Collectively, CBLB is essential to mount productive innate immune responses and help prevent the dissemination during an NTM infection under T-cell deficiency.

Multidirectional interactions are bridging human NK cells with plasmacytoid and monocyte-derived dendritic cells during innate immune responses

Blood ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 108 (12) ◽  
pp. 3851-3858 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariella Della Chiesa ◽  
Chiara Romagnani ◽  
Andreas Thiel ◽  
Lorenzo Moretta ◽  
Alessandro Moretta
Keyword(s):  
Dendritic Cells ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Nk Cells ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Nk Cell ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
B Cell Differentiation ◽  
Innate Immune Responses ◽  
Intrinsic Resistance

AbstractDuring innate immune responses, natural killer (NK) cells may interact with both plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) and monocyte-derived dendritic cells (MDDCs). We show that freshly isolated NK cells promote the release by pDCs of IFN-α, in a CpG-dependent manner, whereas they induce IL-6 production in a CpG-independent manner. In turn pDC-derived IFN-α up-regulates NK-mediated killing, whereas IL-6 could promote B-cell differentiation. We also show that exposure to exogenous IL-12 or coculture with maturing MDDCs up-regulates the NK-cell–dependent IFN-α production by pDCs. On the other hand, NK cells cocultured with pDCs acquire the ability to kill immature MDDCs, thus favoring their editing process. Finally, we show that activated NK cells are unable to lyse pDCs because these cells display an intrinsic resistance to lysis. The exposure of pDCs to IL-3 increased their susceptibility to NK-cell cytotoxicity resulting from a de novo expression of ligands for activating NK-cell receptors, such as the DNAM-1 ligand nectin-2. Thus, different cell-to-cell interactions and various cytokines appear to control a multidirectional network between NK cells, MDDCs, and pDCs that is likely to play an important role during the early phase of innate immune responses to viral infections and to tumors.

scholarly journals Autophagy in Macrophages: Impacting Inflammation and Bacterial Infection

Scientifica ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Vural ◽  
John H. Kehrl
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Host Defense ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Transcriptional Networks ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Innate Immune Responses ◽  
Rapid Induction ◽  
Downstream Effectors ◽  
Molecular Patterns

Macrophages are on the front line of host defense. They possess an array of germline-encoded pattern recognition receptors/sensors (PRRs) that recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and which activate downstream effectors/pathways to help mediate innate immune responses and host defense. Innate immune responses include the rapid induction of transcriptional networks that trigger the production of cytokines, chemokines, and cytotoxic molecules; the mobilization of cells including neutrophils and other leukocytes; the engulfment of pathogens by phagocytosis and their delivery to lysosome for degradation; and the induction of autophagy. Autophagy is a catabolic process that normally maintains cellular homeostasis in a lysosome-dependent manner, but it also functions as a cytoprotective response that intersects with a variety of general stress-response pathways. This review focuses on the intimately linked molecular mechanisms that help govern the autophagic pathway and macrophage innate immune responses.

scholarly journals The Role of Toll-Like Receptor Signaling in the Progression of Heart Failure

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lili Yu ◽  
Zhiwei Feng
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Target Therapy ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Innate Immune Responses ◽  
Medical Systems ◽  
Molecular Patterns ◽  
Damage Associated Molecular Patterns ◽  
Tlr Signaling Pathway

Medical systems worldwide are being faced with a growing need to understand mechanisms behind the pathogenesis of heart failure (HF) that is considered as a leading cause of morbidity and mortality around the world. Elevated levels of inflammatory mediators have been identified in patients with HF, which are primarily manifestations of innate immune responses mediated by pattern recognition receptors (PRRs). Toll-like receptors (TLRs), which belong to PRRs, are subjected to the release of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) to generate innate immune responses. More and more emerging data indicate that TLR signaling pathway molecules are involved in the progression of HF. Herein, we present new data with regard to the activation of TLRs in the failing heart, focusing on TLR2, TLR3, TLR4, and TLR9, and suggest the potential use of TLRs in target therapy.

scholarly journals The Role of Lipopeptidophosphoglycan in the Immune Response toEntamoeba histolytica

2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabel Wong-Baeza ◽  
Marcela Alcántara-Hernández ◽  
Ismael Mancilla-Herrera ◽  
Itzmel Ramírez-Saldívar ◽  
Lourdes Arriaga-Pizano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dendritic Cells ◽  
Adaptive Immune System ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Amebic Liver Abscess ◽  
Disease Development ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Surface Molecule ◽  
Adaptive Immune ◽  
Molecular Patterns

The sensing of Pathogen Associated Molecular Patterns (PAMPs) by innate immune receptors, such as Toll-like receptors (TLRs), is the first step in the inflammatory response to pathogens.Entamoeba histolytica, the etiological agent of amebiasis, has a surface molecule with the characteristics of a PAMP. This molecule, which was termed lipopeptidophosphoglycan (LPPG), is recognized through TLR2 and TLR4 and leads to the release of cytokines from human monocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells; LPPG-activated dendritic cells have increased expression of costimulatory molecules. LPPG activates NKT cells in a CD1d-dependent manner, and this interaction limits amebic liver abscess development. LPPG also induces antibody production, and anti-LPPG antibodies prevent disease development in animal models of amebiasis. Because LPPG is recognized by both the innate and the adaptive immune system (it is a “Pamptigen”), it may be a good candidate to develop a vaccine againstE. histolyticainfection and an effective adjuvant.

scholarly journals The role of CD11c+hepatic dendritic cells in the induction of innate immune responses

2007 ◽  
Vol 149 (2) ◽  
pp. 335-343 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.-A. Shu ◽  
Z.-X. Lian ◽  
Y.-H. Chuang ◽  
G.-X. Yang ◽  
Y. Moritoki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dendritic Cells ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Innate Immune Responses

scholarly journals Effects and Side Effects of Platelet Transfusion

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabrice Cognasse ◽  
Kathryn Hally ◽  
Sebastien Fauteux-Daniel ◽  
Marie-Ange Eyraud ◽  
Charles-Antoine Arthaud ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Platelet Transfusion ◽  
Biological Response ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Innate Immune Responses ◽  
Stress Injury ◽  
Processing And Storage ◽  
And Storage

AbstractAside from their canonical role in hemostasis, it is increasingly recognized that platelets have inflammatory functions and can regulate both adaptive and innate immune responses. The main topic this review aims to cover is the proinflammatory effects and side effects of platelet transfusion. Platelets prepared for transfusion are subject to stress injury upon collection, preparation, and storage. With these types of stress, they undergo morphologic, metabolic, and functional modulations which are likely to induce platelet activation and the release of biological response modifiers (BRMs). As a consequence, platelet concentrates (PCs) accumulate BRMs during processing and storage, and these BRMs are ultimately transfused alongside platelets. It has been shown that BRMs present in PCs can induce immune responses and posttransfusion reactions in the transfusion recipient. Several recent reports within the transfusion literature have investigated the concept of platelets as immune cells. Nevertheless, current and future investigations will face the challenge of encompassing the immunological role of platelets in the scope of transfusion.

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