scholarly journals The Self-Fulfilling Prophecy of Episodic Memory Impairment in Mild Cognitive Impairment: Do Episodic Memory Deficits Identified at Classification Remain Evident When Later Examined with Different Memory Tests?

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shannon Zofia Klekociuk ◽  
Mathew James Summers
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Episodic Memory ◽  
Verbal Memory ◽  
Memory Function ◽  
Memory Deficits ◽  
Memory Tests ◽  
Amnestic Mci ◽  
Screening Assessment ◽  
Multiple Domain

Previous studies of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) have been criticised for using the same battery of neuropsychological tests during classification and longitudinal followup. The key concern is that there is a potential circularity when the same tests are used to identify MCI and then subsequently monitor change in function over time. The aim of the present study was to examine the evidence of this potential circularity problem. The present study assessed the memory function of 72 MCI participants and 50 healthy controls using an alternate battery of visual and verbal episodic memory tests 9 months following initial comprehensive screening assessment and MCI classification. Individuals who were classified as multiple-domain amnestic MCI (a-MCI+) at screening show a significantly reduced performance in visual and verbal memory function at followup using a completely different battery of valid and reliable tests. Consistent with their initial classification, those identified as nonamnestic MCI (na-MCI) or control at screening demonstrated the highest performance across the memory tasks. The results of the present study indicate that persistent memory deficits remain evident in amnestic MCI subgroups using alternate memory tests, suggesting that the concerns regarding potential circularity of logic may be overstated in MCI research.

Mild cognitive impairment: applicability of research criteria in a memory clinic and characterization of cognitive profile

2006 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 507-515 ◽  
Author(s):  
SUVARNA ALLADI ◽  
ROBERT ARNOLD ◽  
JOANNA MITCHELL ◽  
PETER J. NESTOR ◽  
JOHN R. HODGES
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Verbal Memory ◽  
Verbal Learning ◽  
Case Definition ◽  
Memory Clinic ◽  
Memory Tests ◽  
Amnestic Mci ◽  
Learning Test ◽  
Research Criteria

Background. We explored the applicability of recently proposed research criteria for mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in a memory clinic and changes in case definition related to which memory tests are used and the status of general cognitive function in MCI.Method. A total of 166 consecutive GP referrals to the Cambridge Memory Clinic underwent comprehensive neuropsychological and psychiatric evaluation.Results. Of 166 cases, 42 were excluded (significant depression 8, established dementia 29 and other disorders 5). Of 124 non-demented, non-depressed patients, 72 fulfilled Petersen's criteria for amnestic MCI based upon verbal memory performance [the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT)] and 90 met criteria if performance on verbal and/or non-verbal memory tests [the Rey figure recall or the Paired Associates Learning test (PAL)] was considered. Of the 90 broadly defined MCI cases, only 25 had pure amnesia: other subtle semantic and/or attention deficits were typically present. A further 12 were classed as non-amnestic MCI and 22 as ‘worried well’.Conclusions. Definition of MCI varies considerably dependent upon the tests used for case definition. The majority have other cognitive deficits despite normal performance on the Mini-mental State Examination (MMSE) and intact activities of daily living (ADL) and fit within multi-domain MCI. Pure amnesic MCI is rare.

scholarly journals Semantic knowledge for famous names in mild cognitive impairment

2009 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
MICHAEL SEIDENBERG ◽  
LESLIE GUIDOTTI ◽  
KRISTY A. NIELSON ◽  
JOHN L. WOODARD ◽  
SALLY DURGERIAN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Memory Deficits ◽  
Semantic Knowledge ◽  
Person Identification ◽  
Healthy Elderly ◽  
Amnestic Mci ◽  
Amci Group ◽  
Stored Information

AbstractPerson identification represents a unique category of semantic knowledge that is commonly impaired in Alzheimer’s disease (AD), but has received relatively little investigation in patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). The current study examined the retrieval of semantic knowledge for famous names from three time epochs (recent, remote, and enduring) in two participant groups: 23 amnestic MCI (aMCI) patients and 23 healthy elderly controls. The aMCI group was less accurate and produced less semantic knowledge than controls for famous names. Names from the enduring period were recognized faster than both recent and remote names in both groups, and remote names were recognized more quickly than recent names. Episodic memory performance was correlated with greater semantic knowledge particularly for recent names. We suggest that the anterograde memory deficits in the aMCI group interferes with learning of recent famous names and as a result produces difficulties with updating and integrating new semantic information with previously stored information. The implications of these findings for characterizing semantic memory deficits in MCI are discussed. (JINS, 2009, 15, 9–18.)

scholarly journals Naturalistic Assessment of Everyday Activities and Prompting Technologies in Mild Cognitive Impairment

2013 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 442-452 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adriana M. Seelye ◽  
Maureen Schmitter-Edgecombe ◽  
Diane J. Cook ◽  
Aaron Crandall
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Older Adult ◽  
Verbal Memory ◽  
Daily Living ◽  
Independent Living ◽  
Single Domain ◽  
Everyday Activities ◽  
Amnestic Mci ◽  
Performance Results

AbstractOlder adults with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) often have difficulty performing complex instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs), which are critical to independent living. In this study, amnestic multi-domain MCI (N = 29), amnestic single-domain MCI (N = 18), and healthy older participants (N = 47) completed eight scripted IADLs (e.g., cook oatmeal on the stove) in a smart apartment testbed. We developed and experimented with a graded hierarchy of technology-based prompts to investigate both the amount of prompting and type of prompts required to assist individuals with MCI in completing the activities. When task errors occurred, progressive levels of assistance were provided, starting with the lowest level needed to adjust performance. Results showed that the multi-domain MCI group made more errors and required more prompts than the single-domain MCI and healthy older adult groups. Similar to the other two groups, the multi-domain MCI group responded well to the indirect prompts and did not need a higher level of prompting to get back on track successfully with the tasks. Need for prompting assistance was best predicted by verbal memory abilities in multi-domain amnestic MCI. Participants across groups indicated that they perceived the prompting technology to be very helpful. (JINS, 2013, 19, 1–11)

scholarly journals Sex differences in cortisol and memory following acute social stress in amnestic mild cognitive impairment

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelly J. Murphy ◽  
Travis E. Hodges ◽  
Paul A.S. Sheppard ◽  
Angela K. Troyer ◽  
Elizabeth Hampson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Episodic Memory ◽  
Social Stress ◽  
Spatial Working Memory ◽  
Memory Function ◽  
Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Amci Group ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractObjectiveOlder adults with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) develop Alzheimer’s type dementia approximately ten times faster annually than the normal population. Adrenal hormones are associated with aging and cognition. We investigated the relationship between acute stress, cortisol, and memory function in aMCI with an exploratory analysis of sex.MethodSalivary cortisol was sampled diurnally and during two test sessions, one session with the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST), to explore differences in the relationship between cortisol and memory function in age-normal cognition (NA) and aMCI. Participants with aMCI (n=6 women, 9 men; mean age=75) or similarly aged NA (n=9 women, 7 men, mean age=75) were given tests of episodic, associative, and spatial working memory with a psychosocial stressor (TSST) in the second session.ResultsThe aMCI group performed worse on the memory tests than NA as expected, and males with aMCI had elevated cortisol levels on test days. Immediate episodic memory was enhanced by social stress in NA but not in the aMCI group, indicating that stress-induced alterations in memory are different in individuals with aMCI. High cortisol was associated with impaired performance on episodic memory in aMCI males only. Cortisol in Session 1 moderated the relationship with spatial working memory, whereby higher cortisol was associated with worse performance in NA, but better spatial working memory in aMCI. In addition, effects of aMCI on perceived anxiety in response to stress exposure were moderated by stress-induced cortisol in a sex-specific manner.ConclusionsWe show effects of aMCI on Test Session cortisol levels and effects on perceived anxiety, and stress-induced impairments in memory in males with aMCI in our exploratory sample. Future studies should explore sex as a biological variable as our findings suggests that effects at the confluence of aMCI and stress can be obfuscated without sex as a consideration.

scholarly journals Effects of Bilingualism on Verbal and Nonverbal Memory Measures in Mild Cognitive Impairment

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mónica Rosselli ◽  
David A. Loewenstein ◽  
Rosie E. Curiel ◽  
Ailyn Penate ◽  
Valeria L. Torres ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Verbal Memory ◽  
Neuroprotective Effect ◽  
Cued Recall ◽  
Superior Performance ◽  
Semantic Interference ◽  
Memory Tests ◽  
Nonverbal Memory ◽  
Bilingual Group

AbstractObjectives:Maintaining two active languages may increase cognitive and brain reserve among bilingual individuals. We explored whether such a neuroprotective effect was manifested in the performance of memory tests for participants with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI).Methods:We compared 42 bilinguals to 25 monolinguals on verbal and nonverbal memory tests. We used: (a) the Loewenstein-Acevedo Scales for Semantic Interference and Learning (LASSI-L), a sensitive test that taps into proactive, retroactive, and recovery from proactive semantic interference (verbal memory), and (b) the Benson Figure delayed recall (nonverbal memory). A subsample had volumetric MRI scans.Results:The bilingual group significantly outperformed the monolingual group on two LASSI-L cued recall measures (Cued A2 and Cued B2). A measure of maximum learning (Cued A2) showed a correlation with the volume of the left hippocampus in the bilingual group only. Cued B2 recall (sensitive to recovery from proactive semantic interference) was correlated with the volume of the hippocampus and the entorhinal cortex of both cerebral hemispheres in the bilingual group, as well as with the left and right hippocampus in the monolingual group. The memory advantage in bilinguals on these measures was associated with higher inhibitory control as measured by the Stroop Color-Word test.Conclusions:Our results demonstrated a superior performance of aMCI bilinguals over aMCI monolinguals on selected verbal memory tasks. This advantage was not observed in nonverbal memory. Superior memory performance of bilinguals over monolinguals suggests that bilinguals develop a different and perhaps more efficient semantic association system that influences verbal recall. (JINS, 2019, 25, 15–28)

scholarly journals Verbal Episodic Memory and Endogenous Estradiol: An Association in Patients with Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer's Disease

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. M. Bittner ◽  
V. Bittner ◽  
M. W. Riepe
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Episodic Memory ◽  
Verbal Memory ◽  
Delayed Recall ◽  
Apoe Phenotype ◽  
Normal Controls ◽  
Verbal Episodic Memory

In the continuum of patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD), mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and normal controls, a possible association of verbal memory and endogenous estradiol (E2) levels was investigated. Verbal episodic memory was measured with a german version of the California verbal memory test (CVLT). Results were controlled for apolipoprotein E (ApoE) phenotype. We studied 37 controls, 32 MCIs and 117 ADs. Groups differed in all trials of the CVLT and in E2levels . E2 levels differed significantly between groups only among females . In females correcting for age and ApoE, there was an overall correlation between CVLT delayed recall and level of E2  . Stepwise regression analyses found E2level to be a significant predictor for CVLT delayed recall . It may be concluded that lower E2levels occur more in the course of the disease than may be considered as a risk factor per se.

scholarly journals Comparison of Four Verbal Memory Tests for the Diagnosis and Predictive Value of Mild Cognitive Impairment

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 120-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dina Silva ◽  
Manuela Guerreiro ◽  
João Maroco ◽  
Isabel Santana ◽  
Ana Rodrigues ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Verbal Memory ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Memory Tests

Mini-mental State Examination performance in mild cognitive impairment subtypes

2007 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 647-656 ◽  
Author(s):  
Breno S. O. Diniz ◽  
Monica S. Yassuda ◽  
Paula V. Nunes ◽  
Marcia Radanovic ◽  
Orestes V. Forlenza
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Verbal Memory ◽  
Memory Task ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Recall Task ◽  
Word Recall ◽  
Screening Tests ◽  
Elderly Subjects ◽  
Amnestic Mci

Background: Diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and its subtypes requires a detailed diagnostic assessment and so may be missed at routine primary-care appointments, since the ordinary dementia screening tests lack sensitivity owing to ceiling effects, especially in highly educated subjects.Methods: The study was undertaken using a cross-sectional assessment of 112 elderly subjects (mean age 67.96 ± 5.77 years, and mean education level of 12.8 ± 5.7 years) with a semi-structured interview and a neuropsychological battery.Results: MCI patients did not differ from controls on total MMSE scores (p = 0.212). Nevertheless, MCI patients showed worse performance than controls on the verbal memory task (p = 0.012), and “drawing a pentagon” (p = 0.03). Amnestic MCI patients performed worse only on the “three-word recall” task (p = 0.013); non-amnestic MCI patients performed worse on the “three-stage command” task (p = 0.001); and multiple-domain MCI patients performed worse on the “drawing a pentagon” task (p = 0.001) and had a trend toward performing poorly on the ‘three word recall’ task (p = 0.06).Conclusion: The analysis of MMSE subtest scores, in addition to MMSE total scores, may increase the sensitivity of the MMSE test in screening for MCI and its subtypes.

Neurocognitive Deficits and Effects of Cognitive Reserve in Mild Cognitive Impairment

2016 ◽  
Vol 41 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 199-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadeshda Andrejeva ◽  
Maren Knebel ◽  
Vasco Dos Santos ◽  
Janna Schmidt ◽  
Christina Josefa Herold ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cognitive Reserve ◽  
Neurocognitive Deficits ◽  
Cognitive Domains ◽  
Amnestic Mci ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Neuropsychological Characteristics ◽  
Executive Deficits ◽  
Multiple Domain

Background/Aims: Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is a frequent syndrome in the older population, which involves an increased risk to develop Alzheimer's disease (AD). The latter can be modified by the cognitive reserve, which can be operationalized by the length of school education. MCI can be differentiated into four subtypes according to the cognitive domains involved: amnestic MCI, multiple-domain amnestic MCI, non-amnestic MCI and multiple-domain non-amnestic MCI. While neurocognitive deficits are a constituent of the diagnosis of these subtypes, the question of how they refer to the cognitive reserve still needs to be clarified. Methods: We examined neuropsychological deficits in healthy controls, patients with MCI and patients with mild AD (n = 485) derived from a memory clinic. To reduce the number of neuropsychological variables, a factor analysis with varimax rotation was calculated. In a second step, diagnostic groups including MCI subtypes were compared with respect to their clinical and neuropsychological characteristics including cognitive reserve. Results: Most MCI patients showed the amnestic multiple-domain subtype followed by the pure amnestic subtype, while the non-amnestic subtypes were rare. The amnestic subtype displayed a significantly higher level of cognitive reserve and higher MMSE scores than the amnestic multiple-domain subtype, which was in most cases characterized by additional psychomotor and executive deficits. Conclusions: These findings confirm earlier reports revealing that the amnestic multiple-domain subtype is the most frequent one and indicating that a high cognitive reserve may primarily prevent psychomotor and executive deficits in MCI.

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