scholarly journals Participatory Research for Preventing Pesticide-Related DSH and Suicide in Sundarban, India: A Brief Report

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arabinda N. Chowdhury ◽  
Sohini Banerjee ◽  
Arabinda Brahma ◽  
Mrinal K. Biswas
Keyword(s):  
Participatory Research ◽  
Community Based Participatory Research ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Local Context ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Agricultural Community ◽  
Admission Data ◽  
And Training

Deliberate self-harm (DSH) is a major public health problem in the Sundarban region, India. This study is aimed to develop a DSH-suicide prevention programme based on the principles of community-based participatory research (CBPR). Perception and opinion of community about the problem of pesticide-related DSH and suicide were elicited in a series of facilitated focus group discussions in Namkhana block of Sundarban region. Based on their suggestion, a broad preventive programme was launched involving the development of information, education, and communication (IEC) and training modules and training of the stakeholders of the block. Most of the members of each target group found that the IEC materials were culture fair (message is acceptable, understandable, and meaningful in the local context) and very useful. Analysis of Dwariknagar BPHC, DSH admission data showed a definite reduction of DSH incidents after this CBPR approach to prevention was initiated. Similar model of DSH prevention in the other blocks of Sundarban region or in agricultural community may help to reduce the enormous mortality and morbidity from pesticide-related DSH and suicide.

scholarly journals Ten year cardio-cerebro-vascular mortality and morbidity in a Southern Italy cohort: the VIP Project data

2015 ◽  
Vol 80 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincenzo Capuano ◽  
Norman Lamaida ◽  
Sergio Torre ◽  
Ernesto Capuano ◽  
Maria Immacolata Borrelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Cardiovascular Events ◽  
Southern Italy ◽  
Geographical Area ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Local Analysis ◽  
Mortality Data ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
European Standard Population

Rationale: In Italy the mortality data were obtained almost exclusively from the data RENCAM (Name Causes of Death Register), while there are few prospective surveys. In order to assess whether there are particular epidemiological conditions in the geographical area of Mercato S. Severino, in Southern Italy, we have studied, and reassessed at ten years (1998/99 - 2008/09), a cohort of adult general population in a project of cardiovascular epidemiology and prevention. Materials and Methods: We calculated the rates of mortality and morbidity from cardiovascular events covering the period 1998/99 - 2008/09, in a cohort of 1200 persons (600 men and 600 women) aged 25 to 74 years. Data were standardized using the European standard population. Results: Mortality from cardiovascular causes was 46,5% in men and 48,7% in women; it was mainly concentrated in the age group 65-74 years where it occurred on 62,9% of deaths in men and 66,7% in women. Regarding morbidity, the incidence of events to ten years of non-fatal myocardial infarction was 2,2% in men and of 1,8% in women. PTCA interventions to ten year have been 3,3% in men and 3,4% in women, the interventions of aorto-coronary bypass have been 2,4% and 0,5% for men and women respectively. While all major cardiovascular events have been more frequent in men, in women there was a higher incidence of stroke (1,6% vs 0,9%). Conclusions: Although by comparison with other European countries Italy is among the countries considered at low-risk of coronary heart disease, in Campania cardiovascular diseases reach higher rates than the rest of the country. Our results are in line with the literature data and confirm that cardiovascular diseases are a major public health problem. Local analysis to propose means to provide useful information for planning prevention interventions targeted to their own territory.

scholarly journals Socio-cultural beliefs influence feeding practices of mothers and their children in Grand Popo, Benin

2021 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yrence Urielle Amoussou Lokossou ◽  
Ayuk Betrand Tambe ◽  
Colette Azandjèmè ◽  
Xikombiso Mbhenyane
Keyword(s):  
Focus Group ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Cultural Beliefs ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Feeding Practices ◽  
Educational Interventions ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Focus Group Discussions ◽  
Group Discussions

Abstract Background Malnutrition is a major public health problem. It contributes to the high death rate among children in developing countries despite the various advocacies of institutions such as WHO and FAO and many other organisations. More research needs to be done in order to contribute to the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals. The aim of this study was to explore socio-cultural practices and their influence on feeding practices of mothers and their children in Grand Popo, Benin. Methods A qualitative research methodology was used with an inductive approach. A pretested discussion guide was used to conduct focus group discussions with participants in their local language. Four focus group discussions were held in 4 villages located in both the rural and the semi-urban areas with each focus group comprising seven to eight participants. The study protocol was approved by the Health Research Ethics Committee of Stellenbosch University. Focus group discussions were recorded, transcribed and translated to English. The data was analysed following the Creswell data analysis steps. Results All the children were breastfed, and 56.1% of children under 6 months received breast milk exclusively. Children were introduced to family foods at 5 months with very low consumption of animal protein and fruits. Mothers and children had monotonous diets with high consumption of vegetables and maize-based meals. Food taboos, particularly during pregnancy, were revealed. Those cultural beliefs were still followed by some mothers, and food rich in nutrients were pushed aside. Conclusions There is a need for educational interventions to raise awareness of the negative impacts of some socio-cultural practices on the health of the mother and child.

scholarly journals Intracerebral Hemorrhage: Blood Components and Neurotoxicity

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 316 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neha Madangarli ◽  
Frederick Bonsack ◽  
Rajaneekar Dasari ◽  
Sangeetha Sukumari–Ramesh
Keyword(s):  
Intracerebral Hemorrhage ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Brain Parenchyma ◽  
Neurological Deficits ◽  
Blood Component ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Blood Components ◽  
Secondary Brain Damage ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
The Brain

Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a subtype of stroke which is associated with the highest mortality and morbidity rates of all strokes. Although it is a major public health problem, there is no effective treatment for ICH. As a consequence of ICH, various blood components accumulate in the brain parenchyma and are responsible for much of the secondary brain damage and ICH-induced neurological deficits. Therefore, the strategies that could attenuate the blood component-induced neurotoxicity and improve hematoma resolution are highly needed. The present article provides an overview of blood-induced brain injury after ICH and emphasizes the need to conduct further studies elucidating the mechanisms of hematoma resolution after ICH.

scholarly journals The Effect of Long Lasting Insecticide Bed Net Use on Malaria Prevalence in the Tombel Health District, South West Region-Cameroon

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric B. Fokam ◽  
Kevin T. J. Dzi ◽  
Leonard Ngimuh ◽  
Peter Enyong
Keyword(s):  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Malaria Prevalence ◽  
Health District ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
West Region ◽  
Net Use ◽  
South West ◽  
Llin Distribution ◽  
The Impact

Malaria remains a major public health problem in Africa, and its prevalence in Cameroon stands at 29%. Long Lasting Insecticide Nets (LLINs) were distributed in 2011 to reduce malaria mortality and morbidity; however, assessment of this intervention is scanty. The present study in the Tombel health district (THD) investigated the impact of this distribution on malaria prevalence. A total of 31,657 hospital records from 3 health facilities in 3 health areas for 2010–2013 were examined. Records for 2010 and 2011 provided predistribution baseline data, while those of 2012 and 2013 represented postdistribution data. 8,679 (27.4%) patients were positive for malaria. Children below 5 years had the highest prevalence (40.7%). The number of confirmed cases was highest from June to August (peak rainy season). Malaria prevalence was higher in males (25.3%) than in females (23.2%). Malaria prevalence increased in THD from 26.7% in 2010 to 30.7% in 2011 but dropped to 22.7% in 2012 and then increased in 2013 to 29.5%. There was an overall drop in the total number of confirmed malaria cases in 2012; this decrease was significant in Ebonji (p<0.001) and Nyasoso (p<0.015) health areas. The distribution of LLINs led to a short lived reduction in malaria prevalence in THD. LLIN distribution and other control activities should be reinforced to keep malaria prevalence low especially among the 0–5-year group.

scholarly journals Dengue Fever: In-Hospital Management of Critically ill Adult Patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 5
Author(s):  
Kiran Fatima ◽  
Aamir Shahzad
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Critically Ill ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Adult Patients ◽  
Response To Treatment ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Close Monitoring ◽  
Careful Attention ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Significant Mortality

Dengue is rapidly becoming a major public health problem with significant mortality and morbidity. Management especially in first two days needs careful attention. We present a review of current literature on the management critically ill adult patients of dengue in hospital settings. Early diagnosis and close monitoring of response to treatment are necessary to prevent worse outcomes.

scholarly journals Characterization of Ceftazidime-Avibactam-Resistant Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae, United States, 2015–2017

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. s465-s466
Author(s):  
Uzma Ansari ◽  
Hannah E. Reses ◽  
Julian Grass ◽  
Joelle Nadle ◽  
Chris Bower ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Population Based ◽  
International Travel ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Carbapenem Resistant ◽  
Admission Data ◽  
Sterile Site ◽  
Record Review ◽  
Carbapenem Resistant Enterobacteriaceae

Background: Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) are a major public health problem. Ceftazidime-avibactam (CZA) is a treatment option for CRE approved in 2015; however, it does not have activity against isolates with metallo-β-lactamases (MBLs). Emerging resistance to CZA is a cause for concern. Our objective was to describe the microbiologic and epidemiologic characteristics of CZA-resistant (CZA-R) CRE. Methods: From 2015 to 2017, 9 states participated in laboratory- and population-based surveillance for carbapenem-resistant Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, K. oxytoca, K. aerogenes, and Enterobacter cloacae complex isolates from a normally sterile site or urine. A convenience sample of isolates from this surveillance were sent to the CDC for antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) using reference broth microdilution (BMD) including an MBL screen, species confirmation with MALDI-TOF, and real-time PCR to detect blaKPC, blaNDM, and blaOXA-48–like genes. Additional AST by BMD was performed on CZA-R isolates using meropenem-vaborbactam (MEV), imipenem-relebactam (IMR), plazomicin (PLZ), and eravacycline (ERV). Epidemiologic data were obtained from a medical record review. Community-associated cases were defined as having no healthcare exposures in the year prior to culture, no devices in place 2 days prior to culture, and culture collected before calendar day 3 after hospital admission. Data were analyzed in 3 groups: CRE that were CZA-susceptible (CZA-S), CZA-R that were due to blaNDM, and CZA-R without blaNDM. Results: Among 606 confirmed CRE tested with CZA, 33 (5.4%) were CZA-R. Of the CZA-R isolates, 16 (48.5%) harbored a blaNDM gene, of which 2 coharbored blaNDM and blaOXA-48-like genes; 9 (27.3%) harbored only a blaKPC gene. Of the 17 CZA-R isolates without blaNDM, all were MBL screen negative. CZA-R due to blaNDM were more frequently community-associated (43.8%) than CZA-S or CZA-R without blaNDM (11.0% and 5.9%, respectively); a higher percentage of CZA-R cases due to blaNDM also had recent international travel (25%) compared to the other groups (1.8% and 5.9%, respectively). CZA-R without blaNDM were more susceptible to MEV (76%), IMR (71%), PLZ (88%), and ERV (65%) compared to CZA-R due to blaNDM (19%, 6%, 56%, and 44%, respectively). Conclusions: The emergence of CZA-R isolates without blaNDM are concerning; however, these isolates are more susceptible to newer antimicrobials than those with blaNDM. In addition to high rates of resistance to newer antimicrobials, isolates with blaNDM are more frequently community-associated than other CRE. This underscores the need for more aggressive measures to stop the spread of CRE.Funding: NoneDisclosures: None

scholarly journals Child transport injuries and deaths in Lebanon: a multicentre retrospective study

BMJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. e037973
Author(s):  
Samar Al-Hajj ◽  
Sebouh Arjinian ◽  
Zahraa Hamadeh ◽  
Elie Al-Zaghrini ◽  
Khalil El Asmar
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Study ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Multiple Sources ◽  
Child Injury ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Body Regions ◽  
Multicentre Retrospective Study

IntroductionRoad traffic injury (RTI) constitutes the leading cause of deaths and disabilities for individuals aged 5–29 years globally. Lebanon suffers from a high toll of transport mortality and morbidity, though accurate and reliable RTI data are limited. The aim of this study is to assess the prevalence and the characteristics of child transport injuries and deaths in Lebanon and to determine their outcomes and associated risk factors.MethodsWe conducted a multicentre retrospective study to analyse data on transport injuries and deaths for children aged 0–17 years over a 3-year period (2015–2017). Data were captured from multiple sources, including police reports and the emergency departments of 30 hospitals across the country . We performed logistic regression models to examine the effects and test the association of multiple simultaneous factors on the child injury outcome and severity.ResultsA total of 3,033 cases of child transport injuries and 237 fatalities were collected. The majority of the cases were males (73%) (mean (SD) age=11 (±5) years). Transport victims were Lebanese (66.5%) and Syrian refugees (27.9%). The most commonly reported factor contributing to child’s RTI was a child riding in high-speed vehicles (25%) and the most affected body regions were upper and lower extremities (29.9%), followed by head injuries (26.1%). Pedestrians had higher odds of sustaining fatal injuries compared to four-wheel vehicle occupants (OR=1.6; 95% CI: 1.17 to 2.27). Older age groups of 6–14 years (OR=0.51; 95% CI: 0.79 to 0.69) and 15–17 years (OR=0.41; 95% CI: 0.30 to 0.61) had lower odds of dying from transport injuries compared to the younger age group of 0–5 years.ConclusionChild transport injury is a major public health problem in Lebanon. Findings from this study urge policy-makers and health professionals to implement evidence-based child transport safety policies and behaviour change programs to reduce child transport injuries and deaths.

scholarly journals An analysis of injury patterns of abdominal trauma in patients attending surgical emergency department of rural hospital, Karnataka, India

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (11) ◽  
pp. 3736
Author(s):  
Narasimhaiah Krishnappa ◽  
Asif Khan ◽  
Saraswathi Sakranaik
Keyword(s):  
Abdominal Trauma ◽  
Blunt Abdominal Trauma ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Motor Vehicle Accident ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Trauma Patients ◽  
Abdominal Injuries ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Revised Trauma Score

Background: Globally, abdominal trauma is a major public health problem irrespective of socioeconomic levels. Severe blood loss and infection are the serious complication of any abdominal trauma. A detailed assessment for early identification and prompt management is required to reduce the mortality and morbidity in any abdominal trauma. Hence this study was designed to assess the incidence and patterns of abdominal injuries in trauma patients.Methods: It was assorted and identified the incidence and sub type of abdominal injuries and associated trauma, and identified variables related to morbidity and mortality.Results: A total of 150 abdominal trauma cases were analyzed; 103 patients with blunt abdominal trauma and 47 with penetrating. The most frequent type of abdominal trauma was blunt trauma; its most common cause was motor vehicle accident. Most abdominal trauma patients presented with other injuries, especially patients with blunt abdominal trauma. Mortality was higher among penetrating abdominal trauma patients.Conclusions: Type of abdominal trauma, associated injuries, and Revised Trauma Score are independent risk factors for mortality in abdominal trauma patients.

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