scholarly journals Biomass Production and Ester Synthesis byIn SituTransesterification/Esterification Using the MicroalgaSpirulina platensis

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatiana Rodrigues da Silva Baumgartner ◽  
Jorge Augusto Mendes Burak ◽  
Dirceu Baumgartner ◽  
Gisella Maria Zanin ◽  
Pedro Augusto Arroyo
Keyword(s):  
Energy Demand ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Alkyl Esters ◽  
Alternative Energy Sources ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Acid Transesterification

The increasing energy demand and reduction in the availability of nonrenewable energy sources, allied with an increase in public environmental awareness, have stimulated a search for alternative energy sources. The present study was aimed at producing biomass from the microalgaSpirulina platensisand at assessingin situsynthesis of alkyl esters via acid transesterification/esterification of biomass to produce biodiesel. Two alcohols (ethanol and methanol) and two cosolvents (hexane and chloroform) were tested, at different temperatures (30, 45, 60, 75, and 90°C) and reaction times (10, 20, 30, 60, and 120 min). The factorial analysis of variance detected an interaction between the factors (): temperature, reaction time, alcohol, and cosolvent. The best yields were obtained with the combination ethanol and chloroform at 60°C, after 30 min of reaction, and with hexane at 45°C, after 10 min of reaction.In situtransesterification/esterification of alga biomass to form esters for biodiesel production adds unconventional dynamics to the use of this feedstock.

scholarly journals Identifikasi Daerah Prospek Panas Bumi dengan Menggunakan Teknik Pengindraan Jauh (Studi Kasus: Kecamatan Cisurupan, Kabupaten Garut)

2019 ◽  
Vol 2018 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hary Nugroho ◽  
Mohamad Farhan Fadhilah
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Brightness Temperature ◽  
Geothermal Energy ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Geological Structure ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Energy Potential ◽  
Alternative Energy Sources ◽  
Sensing Technology

ABSTRAKPertambahan jumlah penduduk mengakibatkan meningkatnya kebutuhan akan energi. Sumber energi dari fosil semakin hari semakin menipis sehingga perlu ada upaya pencarian energi terbarukan. Salah satu potensi energi terbarukan yang banyak tersebar di Indonesia adalah energi panas bumi. Indonesia memiliki 40% potensi energi panas bumi dunia. Umumnya daerah prospek panas bumi berada pada daerah vulkanik yang dikelilingi oleh vegetasi rapat. Salah satu cara untuk mengetahui lokasinya adalah menggunakan metode pengindraan jauh. Teknologi pengindraan jauh ini dapat digunakan pada tahap awal identifikasi yang selanjutnya dapat didalami menggunakan teknik geofisika dan geokimia. Citra pengindraan jauh yang digunakan dilakukan analisis melalui suhu kecerahan atau brightness temperature untuk selanjutnya diintegrasikan dengan data kelurusan, struktur geologi, dan manifestasi panas bumi. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa daerah prospek panas bumi terletak di kawasan Gunung Papandayan yang mencakup Desa Sirnajaya, Karamatwangi, Cisurupan, Cisero, Cidatar, Sukatani, Cipaganti, dan Sukawargi. Daerah prospek terletak di dataran tinggi dengan suhu kecerahan yang beragam antara 12,8°C-42,8°C.Kata kunci: panas bumi, pengindraan jauh, suhu kecerahan, manifestasiABSTRACTPopulation growth has resulted in increased energy demand. Energy sources from fossils will soon run out, so we need renewable alternative energy sources. One of the potential renewable energy that is widely spread in Indonesia is geothermal energy. Indonesia has 40% of the world's geothermal energy potential. Generally, geothermal prospect areas are in volcanic areas surrounded by dense vegetation. How to find out the location, one of which is the application of remote sensing methods. This remote sensing technology can be used at the initial stage of identification which can then be explored using geophysical and geochemical techniques. The image was processed and analyzed to obtain brightness temperature. These results were then integrated with geological structure, and geothermal manifestations. The prospect area obtained is located in the area of Mount Papandayan which includes the villages of Sirnajaya, Karamatwangi, Cisurupan, Cisero, Cidatar, Sukatani, Cipaganti, and Sukawargi. This region is located in the highlands with brightness temperature varying between 12.8°C-42.8°C.Keywords: geothermal, remote sensing, brightness temperature, manifestation

UNBRIDGEABLE GAP BETWEEN TRANSPORT POLICY AND PRACTICE IN HUNGARY / VENGRIJOS TRANSPORTO TOLITIKOS IR PRAKTIKOS TOTRŪKIS

2012 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 104-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabor Szendro ◽  
Maria Csete ◽  
Adam Torok
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Transport Sector ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Policy And Practice ◽  
Additional Tool ◽  
Alternative Energy Sources ◽  
Energy Share

Due to the increasing energy demand and mobility of the human population and in order to pursue sustainable development and decrease fossil fuel dependency there is a major need to use alternative energy sources. Nowadays the 20-20-20 policy is under revision. It has become clear that the transport sector on the EU level will not be able to meet the goal of 20% usage of renewable energy sources by 2020. Our paper investigates the possibilities of Hungary for reaching 10% of renewable energy sources in transport sector. Our research indicates that blending bioethanol and biodiesel with conventional fuels is not sufficient not provide an effective and alternative way to fulfill 10% part of transport-related energy demand. Further efforts are needed that can only be done by deep analysis of the current situation and active participationin policymaking as an additional tool of reaching the target: changing our social behaviour. Furthermore, our investigationshows that this general problem can occur not only in Hungary but in those European countries that targeted the 10% renewable energy share in their transport sector. Santrauka Dėl vis kylančio energijos poreikio ir gyventojų mobilumo bei siekiant įgyvendinti tvariosios plėtros principus, sumažinti priklausomybę nuo iškastinio kuro, didėja būtinumas naudoti alternatyviuosius energijos išteklius. Svarbu konkrečiau apibrėžti projekto „20–20–20“ tikslus. Akivaizdu, Europos Sąjungos lygiu transporto sektoriui nepavyks įgyvendinti, kad iki 2020 m. atsinaujinantys šaltiniai būtų naudojami 20 proc. Nagrinėjamos Vengrijos transporto sektoriaus galimybės alternatyviuosius energijos šaltinius naudoti 10 proc. Atlikus tyrimus nustatyta, kad maišyti bioetanolį ir biodyzeliną su įprastiniu kuru nėra pakankama priemonė, kad taptų efektyvia alternatyva ir transportui būtinos energijos poreikį patenkintų 10 proc. Būtinos tolesnės pastangos, dalyvaujant suinteresuotosioms šalims, išsamiai analizuoti esamą situaciją ir keisti socialinę elgseną, kad tai taptų papildoma priemone siekiant tikslo. Nustatyta, kad ši bendrojo pobūdžio problema gali kilti ne tik Vengrijoje, bet ir tose Europos šalyse, kuriose užsibrėžta atsinaujinančius šaltinius transporto srityje naudoti 10 proc.

scholarly journals Design and Analysis of A Perpetual Motion Machine Using Neodymium Magnets as A Prime Mover

2021 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 211-219
Author(s):  
Mohammad Noor Hidayat ◽  
Shabrina Putri Chairandy ◽  
Ferdian Ronilaya
Keyword(s):  
Rapid Growth ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Prime Mover ◽  
Alternative Energy Sources ◽  
Perpetual Motion ◽  
Main Component ◽  
Neodymium Magnets

With the rapid growth of population and huge energy demand, fossil fuels, which are the most widely used fuel, are running low. One of the things that can be a solution to deal with this problem is utilizing alternative energy sources. The article describes an idea of a perpetual motion machine as one of the options to find alternative energy sources. Using Neodymium magnets as the main component of the machine, the authors built and analyzed the performance of a perpetual motion machine. The method allows improving the machine's performance to generate electricity and its possibilities of future enhancements. The results show that the utilization of neodymium magnets on the machine is considered a better option and effective in generating electricity. However, proper arrangement of the component must be made carefully and accurately to improve the project's performance.

scholarly journals The Perspectives And Roles of Renewable Energy Sources in the Economic Development of Peripheral Areas of Hungary

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-46
Author(s):  
Adrienn Nagy ◽  
Kitti Kollár ◽  
László Péli
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Energy Potential ◽  
Alternative Energy Sources ◽  
Peripheral Areas

Abstract The everyday use of renewable energy sources is necessary and indispensable in today’s modern world, partly because of the difficult handling of environmental problems caused by the increasing use of fossil energy sources, and partly because of the still increasing energy demand. Concerning alternative energy sources, Hungary has great potential in geothermal energy, which can mean a breakout especially for the peripheral, disadvantaged micro-regions while developing their future strategies. This was the motivation of our research. In our study, we intended to highlight the economic development perspectives of the Hungarian micro-regions lagging behind regarding the renewable energy potential.

The development of alternative energy sources: Prospects in Russia and the world

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 885-904
Author(s):  
M.E. Frai
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Systems Approach ◽  
Energy Resource ◽  
Current Situation ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Energy Complex ◽  
Alternative Energy Sources ◽  
Governmental Institutions ◽  
Key Steps

Subject. The article discusses limited sources of energy nowadays and an ongoing survey of new ones. I focus on fuel and energy complexes worldwide and in Russia. Objectives. The study is to analyze the future use of alternative energy sources in the fuel and energy complex nationwide and worldwide. I review the existing energy sources of the fuel and energy complex in the global and regional markets, specifically the alternative ones. Methods. The study relies upon methods of statistics, analysis and systems approach. Results. The article demonstrates that the fuel and energy complex strongly depends on the current situation in the energy resource market, which is difficult to forecast. If we continue relying on traditional energy resources, we get exposed to some risks affecting the sustainable development of the economy. Russia should diversify the power engineering sector by developing alternative energy sources. The article sets forth the economic rationale for alternative sources and key steps Russia shall make. Conclusions and Relevance. Considering the current situation in the energy balance, alternative energy is what any advanced society seeks for, being supported by manufacturers, governmental institutions, and researchers, though low profitability and high infrastructure costs impede its development. In Russia, these challenges are even more palpable. However, even now Russia is able to find alternative energy solutions. In addition to advantages of alternative energy, which is globally proclaimed, they will also help Russia diversify and update the economic system.

ALTERNATIVE ENERGY SOURCES IN TRANSITION COUNTRIES. THE CASE OF BIO-ENERGY IN THE UKRAINE

2006 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 471-486
Author(s):  
Andrius Plepys ◽  
Jean-Philippe Boutin ◽  
Giulia Gervasoni ◽  
Robert Hlep ◽  
Kristin Seyboth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Transition Countries ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Alternative Energy Sources
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