scholarly journals Locus of Control Patterns in Headaches and Chronic Pain

2013 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. e48-e54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco Javier Cano-García ◽  
Luis Rodríguez-Franco ◽  
Ana María López-Jiménez
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Locus Of Control ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Accurate Information ◽  
Cluster Solution ◽  
Psychological Variables ◽  
Pure Chance ◽  
Literature Evidence ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact

BACKGROUND: Locus of control (LOC) is related to the impact of headaches and chronic pain; however, literature evidence regarding LOC is not always consistent. Several authors consider this to be due, in part, to the separate interpretation of LOC factors, during which the interaction among them is ignored. In 1982, Wallston and Wallston proposed eight possible LOC health patterns depending on whether the individual scored high or low in each of three dimensions.OBJECTIVE: To identify these LOC patterns in patients with headaches and chronic pain, and to validate them in terms of their association with a selection of the main pain indicators.METHODS: A total of 228 individuals were recruited at three public centres in Seville, Spain. Participants completed a semistructured clinical interview and several questionnaires assessing psychological variables related to pain. The main statistical analyses used were two-step cluster analysis and ANCOVA.RESULTS: The six-cluster solution was optimal. The patterns observed coincided with: the believer in control; the yea-sayer; the pure chance; the pure internal; the pure professional; and the nay-sayer clusters. The double external or type VI clusters were not observed. Clusters could be classified from the best to the worst adjustment to chronic pain.CONCLUSIONS: These results support the empirical validity of the theoretical model of LOC patterns proposed in 1982 by Wallston and Wallston among a chronic pain population. The analysis of patterns provides more accurate information regarding the adjustment to pain compared with analysis of the LOC factors separately.

Do empowered employees absorb knowledge?

2014 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 130-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evangelia Siachou ◽  
Panagiotis Gkorezis
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Area ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Hierarchical Regression ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Manufacturing Organizations ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose – The present study aims to contribute to the limited empirical research regarding the individual level antecedents of absorptive capacity (AC). In this vein, the authors examined the impact of employees' psychological empowerment (PE) dimensions on their AC. Moreover, the authors explored the magnitude of the relationship between one of PE four dimensions, namely competence, and AC compared to that of the rest three dimensions of PE. Design/methodology/approach – The authors collected data from 100 private employees working in two manufacturing organizations. In order to investigate the hypotheses, the authors conducted hierarchical regression and usefulness analysis. Findings – As predicted, the present results showed that all four PE dimensions affected employees' AC. Furthermore, competence demonstrated the strongest impact among all PE dimensions. Research limitations/implications – Data were drawn from two manufacturing organizations located in specific geographical area. Thus, this may constrain the generalizability of the results. Also, the cross-sectional analysis of the data cannot directly assess causality. Originality/value – To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first empirical study examining the relationship between PE and AC.

scholarly journals The Impact of the Current Crisis Generated by the COVID-19 Pandemic on Consumer Behavior

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 85-99
Author(s):  
Duralia Oana
Keyword(s):  
Consumer Behavior ◽  
Social Context ◽  
Social Behavior ◽  
Accurate Information ◽  
Purchasing Behavior ◽  
Risk And Uncertainty ◽  
Current Crisis ◽  
Economic Context ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact

AbstractIt is well known that the extent to which the supply manages to adapt to the demands and changes in consumer behavior is key to the success of a business or, in the current economic context, to the survival of a business. This paper aims to analyze the manner in which the perception and attitude of the individual towards risk causes major changes in its purchasing behavior and, implicitly, to identify the tools of marketing with a favorable impact on the consumer, in the economic and social context generated by the Covid-19 pandemic. Although the fear and concern generated by the current economic and social crisis are visibly affecting both social behavior in general, and purchasing behavior in particular, finding effective ways to inform and communicate with consumers to facilitate their access to up-to-date and highly accurate information is essential both to meet the growing need for information in conditions of risk and uncertainty, and to guide the purchasing decision towards the best alternative for the consumer.

scholarly journals Educating for ‘glocal’ perspectives at Sultan Qaboos University: Studying students’ perceptions after studying a global citizenship education course

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-84
Author(s):  
Saif Nasser AlMaamari
Keyword(s):  
Citizenship Education ◽  
Global Citizenship ◽  
Arab World ◽  
National Level ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Global Citizenship Education ◽  
Sultan Qaboos University ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact

Today, globalisation expands the affiliation of the individual from a national level to an international level. Global citizenship has been regarded as an important outcome for students in major universities around the world, yet there is little literature about how it is integrated at universities in the Arab world, although some of them emphasise it in their policies. This article reports on how one Omani University, namely Sultan Qaboos University, interpreted and implemented global citizenship education in their undergraduate programmes. Particularly, this study seeks to identify the perceptions of students who studied a course entitled Global Citizenship Education in the academic year 2018–2019. The data were collected using two tools: a questionnaire which was administered to a sample consisting of 49 students and semi-structured interviews with 10 students. The data analysis was conducted by calculating the medium for the questionnaire and by employing an inductive process where the data were coded and then the themes that emerged from the data were highlighted. The results indicated that Omani University students had different perceptions of global citizenship and their perspectives tended to be more cosmopolitan and humanistic . In addition, they highlighted the impact of the course on developing three dimensions of global citizenship education: the cognitive, socioemotional and behavioural dimensions.

'Talk to us like we're people, not an X-ray': the experience of receiving care for chronic pain

2013 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mandy Nielsen ◽  
Michele Foster ◽  
Paul Henman ◽  
Jenny Strong
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Provider Communication ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Health Care Experiences ◽  
Patient Provider Communication ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact

Chronic pain is a commonly reported problem in primary care, and is Australia’s third most costly health problem. Despite advances in the understanding and treatment of pain, many people with chronic pain do not receive the best available care. This paper examines the health care experiences of people with chronic pain and focuses discussion on the impact that institutional and cultural factors can have on individual experience. Unstructured narrative interviews were conducted with a convenience sample of 20 people with chronic pain. Participants’ experiences pointed to several factors that can affect the outcome of the health care they receive, including: the belief that all pain is due to identifiable injury or disease; a commitment to finding a diagnosis and cure; problematic patient−provider communication; and poor integration of health services. Comprehensively addressing these factors cannot be achieved by focusing interventions at the individual level. A multifaceted response, which includes public health and systemic initiatives, is required.

scholarly journals What Influences the Organisational Commitment of Employees working in NGOs?

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tisha Singh
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Intelligence ◽  
Affective Commitment ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Organisational Commitment ◽  
Psychological Well Being ◽  
Validity Tests ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact

<italic>Purpose</italic> - The purpose of this paper is to explore the impact of emotional intelligence on psychological well being and further identifying the impact of psychological well being on various dimensions of organisational commitment viz, affective, normative and continuous commitment. <italic>Design/methodology/approach</italic> - Data were collected from 200 employees working in NGOs of west delhi region (Capital of India) on the bases of purposive sampling. Statistical techniques like CFA and SEM were used to analyse the data. Further, reliability and validity tests were also performed. <italic>Findings</italic> - The study suggests that emotional intelligence has a positive and significant impact over psychological well being. Further, psychological well being has a greater impact over affective commitment followed by normative and continuous commitment among employees working in NGOs. <italic>Originality/value</italic> - This work is the first that investigates the individual impact of psychological well being over the three dimensions of organisational commitment. Study also explores the significant impact of emotional intelligence on psychological well being in context of NGOs. <italic>Paper type</italic> - Empirical Paper

The Impact of Cognitive Appraisal, Locus of Control, and Level of Exposure on the Computer Anxiety of Novice Computer Users

1994 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 329-340 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elaine A. Crable ◽  
James D. Brodzinski ◽  
Robert F. Scherer ◽  
Phillip D. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Locus Of Control ◽  
Cognitive Appraisal ◽  
Computer Anxiety ◽  
Stepwise Multiple Regression ◽  
Considerable Time ◽  
Daily Routines ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

With the mass introduction of computers in the workplace researchers have spent considerable time, over the last two decades, investigating methods to effectively integrate this technology into the daily routines of employees at all levels within the organization [1–3]. An exogenous variable, and precursor to introduction of computers, is computer anxiety [4–6]. Computer anxiety is generally defined as an anxious response by the individual to the anticipated or actual contact with computers [7]. This article examined the relationship of cognitive appraisal, locus of control, prior exposure, and computer anxiety. It was hypothesized that an individual's appraisal of a computing situation, whether the person was internally or externally focused, and their prior experience with computers would affect their level of computer anxiety as measured by the Computer Concerns Questionnaire. A stepwise multiple regression was performed and the results indicated that cognitive appraisal and exposure were significant predictors of computer anxiety. The authors conclude that early assessments of a novice user's appraisal of the situation should be used to tailor training programs to the specific individual's needs.

scholarly journals TO STUDY THE IMPACT OF DETERMINANTS OF GROWTH ON FIRM’S PERFORMANCE WITH RESPECT TO IT INDUSTRY

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 108-118
Author(s):  
Mayank Saxena ◽  
Sumeet Maru
Keyword(s):  
Firm Growth ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Integrated Analysis ◽  
Important Indicator ◽  
Organizational Determinants ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Positive Impacts

Firm growth is an important indicator of a thriving economy. Although the determinants of firm growth have been studied in various disciplines, an integrated analysis is still lacking. Many determinants of firm growth are summarized and classified into three dimensions: individual, organizational, and environmental determinants. The present paper attempts to provide an integrated analysis on the determinants of firm growth. It gives an opportunity to investigate the determinants of firm growth in a comprehensive way. The close-ended questionnaire was developed from standard questions of relevant literature as a research instrument. The sample size taken for the research is of 110 IT firms entrepreneurs. Among the individual determinants, need for achievement, risk taking propensity and self-efficacy are positively conducive to firm growth. Among the organizational determinants, formulation, preparedness to grow, organizational learning, financial performance have positive impacts on firm growth. Market orientation, Entrepreneurial orientation, competitive intensity shows a negative relationship. Among the Entrepreneurial determinants, munificence, heterogeneity has positive impacts on firm growth. Market dynamism shows a negative relationship. Growth Barriers shows negative relationship. Our study shows that firm growth is a complex phenomenon. It cannot be explained by one particular dimension or one determinant. The most important determinants have been identified from the individual, environmental and organizational dimensions. Organizational determinants have the greatest influence on firm growth.

scholarly journals Impact of activity-based workplaces on burnout and engagement dimensions

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 279-296
Author(s):  
Rianne Appel-Meulenbroek ◽  
Theo van der Voordt ◽  
Rik Aussems ◽  
Theo Arentze ◽  
Pascale Le Blanc
Keyword(s):  
Work Environment ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Physical Work ◽  
Human Resource Managers ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Individual Strain ◽  
Physical Work Environment ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact

Purpose This paper aims to explore, which characteristics of activity-based offices are related to the position of workers on the burnout – engagement continuum. Design/methodology/approach Literature review and an online survey amongst knowledge workers in the Netherlands, which provided data of 184 respondents from 14 organisations. The data has been analysed by descriptive statistics, bivariate analyses, factor analyses and path analysis, to test the conceptual model. Findings Five physical work environment constructs were identified of which three showed to have significant relations with employees’ position on one of the three dimensions of the burnout – engagement continuum. Distraction has a direct and indirect (through overload) negative relation with the individual strain (meaning increased exhaustion). Office comfort has indirect positive relations (through recognition and appreciation) with the interpersonal strain (meaning increased involvement). The possibility for teleworking has an indirect positive relation (through control) on the self-evaluation strain (meaning increased efficacy). Practical implications The findings show that in the design and management of a healthy physical work environment, corporate real estate managers and human resource managers should particularly pay attention to lowering distraction, providing comfortable workplaces and considering the option of teleworking to some extent. Originality/value This paper provides new insights into the impact of distinct activity-based workplace characteristics on workers’ position on the burnout – engagement continuum.

Construction of a paper-and-pencil Test of Basic Scientific Literacy based on selected literacy goals recommended by the American Association for the Advancement of Science

1996 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 331-359 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rüdiger C. Laugksch ◽  
Peter E. Spargo
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Scientific Literacy ◽  
Item Difficulty ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Performance Standard ◽  
Science Content ◽  
Test Items ◽  
Paper And Pencil ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact

We describe the construction of a paper-and-pencil Test of Basic Scientific Literacy (TBSL) specifically designed for high-school leavers entering technikon and university in South Africa. The `true-false-don't know' scientific literacy test-items are based on a pool of 472 items developed previously from selected literacy goals recommended by the AAAS in Science for all Americans. Test-items were pilot-tested on 625 technikon and university students and were included in the 110-item TBSL on the basis of item discrimination, item difficulty and student feedback. The TBSL consists of three subtests based on Jon Miller's three constitutive dimensions of scientific literacy: the nature of science (22 items); science content knowledge (72 items); and the impact of science and technology on society (16 items). About 260 South Africa-based members of various South African professional science and engineering associations participated in setting a performance standard for each of the three dimensions of scientific literacy. These standards were validated using a `contrasting groups' approach. The internal consistency of the individual TBSL subtests, and the reliability of mastery-nonmastery classification decisions based on the performance standard, was found to be about 0.80. The reliability of the overall 110-item TBSL was 0.95.

scholarly journals A Pilot Study of the Impact of Repeated Sessions of Virtual Reality on Chronic Neuropathic Pain

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ted Jones ◽  
Rebecca Skadberg ◽  
Todd Moore
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Sense Of Control ◽  
Chronic Neuropathic Pain ◽  
Weekly Basis ◽  
Psychological Variables ◽  
Frequent Use ◽  
Chronic Pain Conditions ◽  
The Impact

OBJECTIVE: The use of virtual reality (VR) for pain has numerous studies showing effectiveness. However, there has been limited study of its use for chronic pain. METHODOLGY: This pilot study (N=10) investigated the impact of repeated sessions of a VR application for chronic pain on ten subjects. Impact on pain as well as on psychological variables such as depression, anxiety, catastrophizing, and sense of control over pain was assessed. Subjects underwent three twenty minute sessions of the VR application Cool! on a weekly basis using an Oculus Rift or Vive. The impact of the sessions on pain was assessed at four intervals and psychological data captured at two intervals. RESULTS: Results indicate that the VR sessions provided significant pain relief in all treatment sessions with an average of a 66% reduction in pain during the VR session and a 45% reduction in pain immediately after the session. A decrease in pain was reported to last an average of 30 hours after the session. There appeared to be limited if any impact of the VR intervention on chronic pain levels across time. There was no significant impact found for the VR intervention on depression, anxiety, catastrophizing and sense of control over pain. CONCLUSION: Implications for the use of VR on chronic pain conditions are discussed. More frequent VR interventions for chronic pain may be needed to impact pain across time. In addition, VR applications might not be used as an interventional-type in-office treatment as done here but perhaps need to have a skill teaching component or be an application available for in-home and more frequent use.

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