scholarly journals Probiotics as Antiviral Agents in Shrimp Aquaculture

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bestha Lakshmi ◽  
Buddolla Viswanath ◽  
D. V. R. Sai Gopal
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Antiviral Agents ◽  
Shrimp Farming ◽  
Shrimp Aquaculture ◽  
Viral Diseases ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
Power Enhancement ◽  
Shrimp Farms ◽  
Criteria For Selection

Shrimp farming is an aquaculture business for the cultivation of marine shrimps or prawns for human consumption and is now considered as a major economic and food production sector as it is an increasingly important source of protein available for human consumption. Intensification of shrimp farming had led to the development of a number of diseases, which resulted in the excessive use of antimicrobial agents, which is finally responsible for many adverse effects. Currently, probiotics are chosen as the best alternatives to these antimicrobial agents and they act as natural immune enhancers, which provoke the disease resistance in shrimp farm. Viral diseases stand as the major constraint causing an enormous loss in the production in shrimp farms. Probiotics besides being beneficial bacteria also possess antiviral activity. Exploitation of these probiotics in treatment and prevention of viral diseases in shrimp aquaculture is a novel and efficient method. This review discusses the benefits of probiotics and their criteria for selection in shrimp aquaculture and their role in immune power enhancement towards viral diseases.

scholarly journals Diseases of shrimps and natural methods to protect their health

2019 ◽  
Vol 75 (01) ◽  
pp. 6154-2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
BARBARA KAZUŃ ◽  
KRZYSZTOF KAZUŃ ◽  
ANDRZEJ KRZYSZTOF SIWICKI
Keyword(s):  
Positive Impact ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Shrimp Farming ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Viral Diseases ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Virus Genotype ◽  
White Spot Disease ◽  
Bacterial Diseases ◽  
Yellow Head Virus

Shrimp farming is an economically important part of aquaculture. Shrimps constitute the largest portion of shellfish intended for human consumption. According to the World Organization for Animal Health (OIE), viral diseases pose the most serious threat to shrimp farming. There are currently six viral and two bacterial diseases on the OIE list. The most serious viral diseases are white spot disease (WSD), Taura syndrome (TS), infection with yellow head virus genotype 1 (YHV), infectious hypodermal and haematopoietic necrosis (IHHN), infectious myonecrosis (IMN) and white tail disease (WTD), whereas the most dangerous bacterial diseases are acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (AHPND) and necrotizing hepatopancreatitis (NHP). All these diseases result in high mortality, thus limiting shrimp production and causing large economic losses. Therefore, effective preparations are constantly sought to control infectious diseases in shrimps. Probiotics and immunostimulants, thanks to their demonstrated antibacterial and antiviral effects, as well their positive impact on the immune system, may play a crucial role in protecting the health of shrimps.

scholarly journals A Brief Overview of Potential Treatments for Viral Diseases Using Natural Plant Compounds: The Case of SARS-Cov

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (13) ◽  
pp. 3868
Author(s):  
Rambod Abiri ◽  
Hazandy Abdul-Hamid ◽  
Oksana Sytar ◽  
Ramin Abiri ◽  
Eduardo Bezerra de Almeida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Viral Infections ◽  
Antiviral Agents ◽  
Herbal Medicines ◽  
Docking Studies ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Viral Diseases ◽  
In Vitro Production ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
Plant Compounds

The COVID-19 pandemic, as well as the more general global increase in viral diseases, has led researchers to look to the plant kingdom as a potential source for antiviral compounds. Since ancient times, herbal medicines have been extensively applied in the treatment and prevention of various infectious diseases in different traditional systems. The purpose of this review is to highlight the potential antiviral activity of plant compounds as effective and reliable agents against viral infections, especially by viruses from the coronavirus group. Various antiviral mechanisms shown by crude plant extracts and plant-derived bioactive compounds are discussed. The understanding of the action mechanisms of complex plant extract and isolated plant-derived compounds will help pave the way towards the combat of this life-threatening disease. Further, molecular docking studies, in silico analyses of extracted compounds, and future prospects are included. The in vitro production of antiviral chemical compounds from plants using molecular pharming is also considered. Notably, hairy root cultures represent a promising and sustainable way to obtain a range of biologically active compounds that may be applied in the development of novel antiviral agents.

Antiviral Agents and Viral Diseases of Man

1985 ◽  
Vol 60 (7) ◽  
pp. 497
Author(s):  
Robert E. Van Scoy
Keyword(s):  
Antiviral Agents ◽  
Viral Diseases

scholarly journals Diagnóstico do Licenciamento Ambiental da Carcinicultura no Estado do Rio Grande do Norte, Brasil

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 2392
Author(s):  
Iáskara Michelly De Medeiros Silveira ◽  
Daniele Bezerra dos Santos ◽  
Franklin Roberto da Costa ◽  
Rodrigo Herico Rodrigues de Melo Soares ◽  
Tarcisio Augusto Gonçalves Junior ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
Environmental Studies ◽  
Environmental Problems ◽  
The State ◽  
Shrimp Farming ◽  
Southern Coast ◽  
Environmental Licensing ◽  
Development And Environment ◽  
Shrimp Farms

Em função do crescimento desordenado da carcinicultura no Nordeste do Brasil, nesta pesquisa foi realizado um levantamento dos licenciamentos ambientais voltados à carcinicultura do Estado do Rio Grande do Norte, ao longo da década de 2005 a 2015, referente ao número de empreendimentos licenciados por ano, porte dos empreendimentos por tipos de licenças outorgadas e regiões com maior densidade de fazendas de carcinicultura. A pesquisa foi realizada através de avaliação documental, com dados cedidos pelo Instituto de Desenvolvimento Sustentável e Meio Ambiente (IDEMA, 2016), e embasado nas legislações nacionais e estaduais pertinentes à área de estudo. No total, foram analisadas 698 licenças, sendo a maioria das fazendas de porte médio e solicitantes de licenças de operação, havendo uma maior concentração de empreendimentos de diferentes portes no litoral Sul do estado. Evidenciou-se uma grande quantidade de fazendas (64,18%) com solicitação de licenças atrasadas, além da constatação de que o maior número de licenças foi expedido no período em que mais ocorreram problemas de ordem ambiental e econômica na atividade.  Environmental Licensing diagnosis of Srimp farming in the state of Rio Grande do Norte, BrazilA b s t r a c tIn this article, a survey was made regarding the environmental licensing of shrimp farming in Rio Grande do Norte, during the decade between 2005 to 2015, in relation to the number of enterprises licensed per year, size of enterprises by type of licenses granted and regions with higher density of shrimp farms. The research was done through documentary evaluation, with data provided by the Institute for Sustainable Development and Environment (IDEMA). A total of 698 licenses were identified, with the majority of medium-sized farms and applicants for operating licenses, with a higher concentration of micro, small, medium and large ports in the southern coast of the state. A large number of farms with a request for delayed licenses (64,18%) were evidenced, in addition to the finding that the highest number of licenses was issued in the period in which there were more economic and environmental problems in the activity.Keywords: Environmental studies. Aquaculture. Shrimp. Environmental vulnerability. 

Ribavirin

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 79 (2) ◽  
pp. 289-291
Author(s):  
DAVID ISAACS
Keyword(s):  
Thymidine Kinase ◽  
Antibacterial Agents ◽  
Antiviral Agents ◽  
Nucleoside Analogs ◽  
Viral Diseases ◽  
Herpes Viruses ◽  
Important Advance ◽  
Dna Viruses ◽  
Low Toxicity ◽  
Simplex Virus

Immunization has proved to be the most effective way of controlling viral diseases, and the development of antiviral drugs has lagged behind the development of antibacterial agents. Many of the early antiviral agents were DNA nucleoside analogs such as idoxuridine, cytarabine, and vidarabine, which competitively inhibited replication of DNA viruses, especially herpes viruses. An important advance was the deliberate synthesis of a purine nucleoside analog, acyclovir, which is only active following phosphorylation, which is carried out selectively by virus-coded thymidine kinase. Acyclovir is active against some herpesviruses, particularly herpes simplex virus, but not against RNA viruses, and appears to have low toxicity because of the low level of phosphorylation by host cell thymidine kinase.

Report of the Task Force on Diagnosis and Management of Meningitis

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 78 (5) ◽  
pp. 959-982
Author(s):  
Jerome O. Klein ◽  
Ralph D. Feigin ◽  
George H. McCracken
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Meningitis ◽  
American Academy ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Task Force ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
Diagnosis And Management ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
American Academy Of Pediatrics ◽  
Early Signs ◽  
Neurologic Sequelae

Children still die or suffer permanent neurologic sequelae as a result of bacterial meningitis. Prompt diagnosis and aggressive management are the goals, but early signs of meningitis are often subtle and nonspecific and, therefore, may be recognized only in retrospect. The physician must identify among the many febrile children seen every day in office practice—most of whom have spontaneously resolving illnesses usually caused by viruses—the few children who have serious bacterial infection requiring early intervention. No single test or battery of tests replaces the clinical acumen of the physician in identifying the child with early signs of bacterial meningitis. Because of controversies about diagnosis and treatment of meningitis voiced in various forums, including the courtroom, the Task Force on Diagnosis and Management of Meningitis has been asked by the Executive Board of the American Academy of Pediatrics to prepare a report on the causes, diagnosis, management, and outcome of meningitis in infants and children. This task force selected for discussion issues of current relevance and controversy in the diagnosis and treatment of bacterial and nonbacterial meningitis. Many other aspects of meningitis are discussed elsewhere. Commentaries on the prevention of disease by chemoprophylaxis (antimicrobial agents) or immunoprophylaxis (vaccines) have been prepared by the Committee on Infectious Diseases of the American Academy of Pediatrics. In addition the Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (Centers for Disease Control, Atlanta) publishes recommendations on vaccine usage and chemoprophylaxis formulated by the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices. These resources are of value to the practitioner who cares for children and needs information on optimal measures for the treatment and prevention of meningitis.

scholarly journals Shifting policies, access, and the tragedy of enclosures in Ecuadorian mangrove fisheries: towards a political ecology of the commons

2012 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine M. Beitl
Keyword(s):  
Property Rights ◽  
Political Ecology ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Common Property ◽  
Fishery Management ◽  
Shrimp Farming ◽  
Shrimp Aquaculture ◽  
Distribution Of Resources ◽  
The Commons ◽  
Mangrove Resources

After decades of mangrove deforestation for the development of shrimp farming, the Ecuadorian state began to officially recognize the ancestral rights of traditional users of coastal mangrove resources in the late 1990s. This article traces the trajectory of coastal policy change and the transformation of mangrove tenure regimes from an implicit preference for shrimp aquaculture to a focus on conservation and sustainable development with greater community participation through the establishment of community-managed mangrove areas called custodias. I argue that while the custodias have empowered local communities in their struggle to defend their livelihoods and environment against the marginalizing forces of global shrimp aquaculture, the implementation of common property arrangements for mangrove fishery management has changed the nature of property rights, the distribution of resources, and social relations among collectors of mangrove cockles (Anadara tuberculosa and A. similis). I suggest a need to develop a political ecology of the commons, an analytical approach applied here to examine the fundamental shift in the nature of the struggle over mangrove resources, from artisanal fishers versus shrimp farmers to a struggle between compañeros: members of associations versus independent cockle collectors. Such a shift in the struggle over resources threatens to undermine the sustainability of the fishery. I conclude that shifting access may be an important underlying factor contributing to a tragedy of enclosures in Ecuador's mangrove cockle fishery.Keywords: political ecology; property rights; common property; access; tragedy of enclosures; shrimp aquaculture; mangroves; artisanal fisheries; Anadara spp., Ecuador

Occurrence of antibiotic resistant bacteria in some shrimp farms of Bangladesh

2013 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 197-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farzana Ashrafi Neela ◽  
Md Atiquer Rahman ◽  
MST Nasrin Akhter Banu ◽  
M Habibur Rahman ◽  
Hiroyuki Ohta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brackish Water ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Farming System ◽  
Shrimp Farming ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Pseudomonas Sp ◽  
Bacillus Sp ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Acinetobacter Sp ◽  
Shrimp Farms

Tetracycline (TC) and ampicillin (AMP) resistant bacteria were identified from both fresh and brackish water shrimp farming system, in Bangladesh. Among 78 isolates from freshwater samples, 14.10, 17.95 and 23.8% were found resistant to TC, AMP and TC plus AMP, respectively. On the other hand, isolates from the brackish water samples, the percentages of TC, AMP and TC plus AMP resistant isolates were 10.25, 12.82 and 15.38, respectively. In freshwater samples, the highest percentage of resistant bacteria was Bacillus sp. (38.9), Pseudomonas sp. (22.2), Staphylococcus sp. (16.7), Acinetobacter sp. (11.1), Brevibacillus sp. (5.5) and Enterobacter sp. (5.5). While in brackish water samples dominant resistant bacteria was Bacillus sp. (50) followed by Pseudomonas sp. (16.7), Acinetobacter sp. (16.7), Enterobacter sp. (8.3) and Microvirgula sp. (8.3). DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjb.v41i2.13449 Bangladesh J. Bot. 41(2): 197-200, 2012 (December)

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