scholarly journals Mechanisms of Perivascular Adipose Tissue Dysfunction in Obesity

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria S. Fernández-Alfonso ◽  
Marta Gil-Ortega ◽  
Concha F. García-Prieto ◽  
Isabel Aranguez ◽  
Mariano Ruiz-Gayo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Vascular Function ◽  
Rat Aorta ◽  
Inflammatory Factors ◽  
Perivascular Adipose Tissue ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
Structural Support ◽  
Diet Induced Obesity ◽  
Adipose Tissue Dysfunction ◽  
First Time

Most blood vessels are surrounded by adipose tissue. Similarly to the adventitia, perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) was considered only as a passive structural support for the vasculature, and it was routinely removed for isolated blood vessel studies. In 1991, Soltis and Cassis demonstrated for the first time that PVAT reduced contractions to noradrenaline in rat aorta. Since then, an important number of adipocyte-derived factors with physiological and pathophysiological paracrine vasoactive effects have been identified. PVAT undergoes structural and functional changes in obesity. During early diet-induced obesity, an adaptative overproduction of vasodilator factors occurs in PVAT, probably aimed at protecting vascular function. However, in established obesity, PVAT loses its anticontractile properties by an increase of contractile, oxidative, and inflammatory factors, leading to endothelial dysfunction and vascular disease. The aim of this review is to focus on PVAT dysfunction mechanisms in obesity.

scholarly journals Deletion of Seipin Attenuates Vascular Function and the Anticontractile Effect of Perivascular Adipose Tissue

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mengyu Wang ◽  
Junhui Xing ◽  
Mengduan Liu ◽  
Mingming Gao ◽  
Yangyang Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Vascular Function ◽  
Mesenteric Artery ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Perivascular Adipose Tissue ◽  
Vascular Homeostasis ◽  
Lipid Droplet Formation ◽  
First Time

Seipin locates in endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and regulates adipogenesis and lipid droplet formation. Deletion of Seipin has been well-demonstrated to cause severe general lipodystrophy, however, its role in maintaining perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) and vascular homeostasis has not been directly assessed. In the present study, we investigated the role of Seipin in mediating the anticontractile effect of PVAT and vascular function. Seipin expression in PVAT and associated vessels were detected by qPCR and western-blot. Seipin is highly expressed in PVAT, but hardly in vessels. Structural and functional alterations of PVAT and associated vessels were compared between Seipin−/− mice and WT mice. In Seipin−/− mice, aortic and mesenteric PVAT were significantly reduced in mass and adipose-derived relaxing factors (ADRFs) secretion, but increased in macrophage infiltration and ER stress, as compared with those in WT mice. Aortic and mesenteric artery rings from WT and Seipin−/− mice were mounted on a wire myograph. Vasoconstriction and vasodilation were studied in vessels with and without PVAT. WT PVAT augmented relaxation but not Seipin−/− PVAT, which suggest impaired anticontractile function in PVAT of Seipin−/− mice. Thoracic aorta and mesenteric artery from Seipin−/− mice had impaired contractility in response to phenylephrine (PHE) and relaxation to acetylcholine (Ach). In conclusion, Seipin deficiency caused abnormalities in PVAT morphology and vascular functions. Our data demonstrated for the first time that Seipin plays a critical role in maintaining PVAT function and vascular homeostasis.

Adventitia and perivascular adipose tissue—the integral unit in vascular disease

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhihong Yang ◽  
Xiu-Fen Ming
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Vascular Disease ◽  
Metabolic Disorders ◽  
Muscle Growth ◽  
Inflammatory Factors ◽  
Perivascular Adipose Tissue ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
Vasoactive Factors ◽  
Endocrine Secretion ◽  
Growth Promoting

Obesity and obesity-associated metabolic disorders are highly associated with cardiovascular disease. Abnormal ectopic deposition and accumulation of adipose tissue in organs, including perivascular space (perivascular adipose tissue, PVAT) in obesity are emerging to contribute to vascular disease development through pathological paracrine and/or endocrine secretion of cytokines, namely adipokines, which are vasoactive factors including vascular relaxing and contracting factors, smooth muscle growth promoting and inhibiting factors, and pro- and anti-inflammatory factors. In obesity, production of these factors from PVAT is altered and in imbalance which favours vascular contraction, pathological remodelling, and inflammation. In cross-talk with the endothelium, the functional changes of adventitia and PVAT are detrimental and importantly contribute to the acceleration of vascular atherosclerosis and complications associated with obesity and metabolic disorders

scholarly journals Perivascular adipose tissue modulates vascular function in the human internal thoracic artery

2005 ◽  
Vol 130 (4) ◽  
pp. 1130-1136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu-Jing Gao ◽  
Zhao-hua Zeng ◽  
Kevin Teoh ◽  
Arya M. Sharma ◽  
Labib Abouzahr ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Vascular Function ◽  
Internal Thoracic Artery ◽  
Perivascular Adipose Tissue

scholarly journals Maternal separation enhances anticontractile perivascular adipose tissue function in male rats on a high-fat diet

2018 ◽  
Vol 315 (6) ◽  
pp. R1085-R1095 ◽  
Author(s):  
Analia S. Loria ◽  
Frank T. Spradley ◽  
Ijeoma E. Obi ◽  
Bryan K. Becker ◽  
Carmen De Miguel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Life Stress ◽  
Vascular Function ◽  
Maternal Separation ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Ang Ii ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Perivascular Adipose Tissue

Clinical studies have shown that obesity negatively impacts large arteries’ function. We reported that rats exposed to maternal separation (MatSep), a model of early life stress, display enhanced angiotensin II (ANG II)-induced vasoconstriction in aortic rings cleaned of perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) under normal diet (ND) conditions. We hypothesized that exposure to MatSep promotes a greater loss of PVAT-mediated protective effects on vascular function and loss of blood pressure (BP) rhythm in rats fed a high-fat diet (HFD) when compared with controls. MatSep was performed in male Wistar-Kyoto rats from days 2 to 14 of life. Normally reared littermates served as controls. On ND, aortic rings from MatSep rats with PVAT removed showed increased ANG II-mediated vasoconstriction versus controls; however, rings from MatSep rats with intact PVAT displayed blunted constriction. This effect was exacerbated by an HFD in both groups; however, the anticontractile effect of PVAT was greater in MatSep rats. Acetylcholine-induced relaxation was similar in MatSep and control rats fed an ND, regardless of the presence of PVAT. HFD impaired aortic relaxation in rings without PVAT from MatSep rats, whereas the presence of PVAT improved relaxation in both groups. On an HFD, immunolocalization of vascular smooth muscle-derived ANG-(1–7) and PVAT-derived adiponectin abundances were increased in MatSep. In rats fed an HFD, 24-h BP and BP rhythms were similar between groups. In summary, MatSep enhanced the ability of PVAT to blunt the heightened ANG II-induced vasoconstriction and endothelial dysfunction in rats fed an HFD. This protective effect may be mediated via the upregulation of vasoprotective factors within the adipovascular axis.

Perivascular adipose tissue in vascular function

2021 ◽  
Vol Publish Ahead of Print ◽  
Author(s):  
Edwyn O. Cruz-López ◽  
Estrellita Uijl ◽  
A.H. Jan Danser
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Vascular Function ◽  
Perivascular Adipose Tissue

scholarly journals Resistin Mediates Sex-Dependent Effects of Perivascular Adipose Tissue on Vascular Function in the Shrsp

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Heather Yvonne Small ◽  
Sarah McNeilly ◽  
Sheon Mary ◽  
Adam Marcus Sheikh ◽  
Christian Delles
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Vascular Function ◽  
Perivascular Adipose Tissue
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