scholarly journals Depression, Depressive Somatic or Nonsomatic Symptoms, and Function in a Primarily Hispanic Chronic Pain Population

ISRN Pain ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristynia M. Robinson ◽  
Jose J. Monsivais
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Pain Treatment ◽  
Severe Depression ◽  
Diagnostic Process ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Level Of Functioning ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Mexico Border ◽  
And Function

Chronic pain and depression are two major causes of disability. Comorbidity decreases psychosocial and physical functioning while increasing economic burden. The prevailing belief that Hispanics somaticize depression may hinder the diagnostic process and, thus, may impact outcomes. The purpose of this study was to explore the relationships among depression and depressive symptoms (somatic or nonsomatic) and function in chronic pain sufferers residing along the USA-Mexico border. Like other studies, as level of depression increased, level of pain increased and level of functioning decreased. So much so that almost a quarter of the participants reported moderate-to-severe depression, and another quarter of the participants reported suicidal ideation independent of depression or treatment. Unlike other published reports, we used a sample of chronic pain patients who received individualized, multimodal pain treatment. Compared to our previous work in a similar population, pain intensity and suicidal ideation were lower in this study. A plausible explanation is the use of antidepressants as adjuvant treatment for pain. Regardless of gender or ethnicity, persons with chronic pain will disclose symptoms of depression when appropriate tools are used to collect the data. Implications for future research and clinical practice are discussed.

Pain treatment and prevention in pediatric palliative care

2021 ◽  
pp. 292-311
Author(s):  
Stefan J. Friedrichsdorf
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Palliative Care ◽  
Visceral Pain ◽  
Pain Treatment ◽  
Symptom Control ◽  
Pediatric Palliative Care ◽  
Serious Illness ◽  
Psychological Therapies ◽  
Total Pain ◽  
The Usa

Annually, at least 21 million children could benefit from pediatric palliative care (PPC) and 8 million would need specialized PPC services. In the USA alone, more than 40,000 children aged 0–19 years die annually; 55% of them are infants younger than 1 year of age. Pain is common, under-recognized, and under-treated, especially in children with progressive neurodegenerative and chromosomal conditions with central nervous system impairment. Unrelieved pain is also common in children with advanced serious illness during the end-of-life period, and, when treated, the therapy is commonly ineffective. Treating pain in children with serious illness is not profoundly different than advanced pain management for children with complex acute conditions or diseases such as major trauma, burns, cancer, or those with sickle cell disease in vaso-occlusive crisis. It is important to appreciate that children with serious illness are more likely to simultaneously suffer from acute pain, neuropathic pain, visceral pain, total pain, and chronic pain. As such, multimodal analgesic (i.e., multiple agents, interventions, rehabilitation, psychological modalities, and integrative (“nonpharmacologic,” e.g., behavioral, physiological, and psychological) therapies that act synergistically for more effective pediatric pain and symptom control with fewer side effects than a single analgesic or modality must be employed. Opioids, such as morphine, fentanyl, hydromorphone, oxycodone, and methadone, remain the mainstay medications to effectively treat pain in children with serious illness. However, medications alone are often insufficient for optimal pain control. In fact, the paradigm shift away from “medications only” toward offering “multimodal analgesia” to children with serious illness experiencing pain, including addressing chronic pain/primary pain disorders and total pain has become a “game changer” in advancing PPC to ensure that patients can live as long as possible, as well as possible.

Peripheral Neuromodulation: An Update

Ból ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teodor Goroszeniuk ◽  
Andrzej Król
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Peripheral Nerve ◽  
Nerve Stimulation ◽  
Pain Treatment ◽  
External Stimulation ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
Improved Outcomes ◽  
Chronic Pain Treatment ◽  
And Function

Peripheral nerve stimulation (PNS) is rapidly expanding area of neuromodulation with multiple new indications for chronic pain treatment and function improvement. Since the first percutaneous lead insertion in 1999, the proliferation of nonsurgical techniques with increasingly diverse stimulating targets has resulted that PNS is now a firmly established part of neuromodulation where the majority of new exciting developments are taking place. Non Invasive Peripheral External Stimulation plays an important part in the progress. It can offer a frequently less expensive alternative to the implantable techniques and it can be used outside specialised centers. Technological advances are allowing safer and more efficient uses of PNS with improved outcomes.

Behavioral inhibition, maladaptive pain cognitions, and function in patients with chronic pain

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark P. Jensen ◽  
Ester Solé ◽  
Elena Castarlenas ◽  
Mélanie Racine ◽  
Rubén Roy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Behavioral Inhibition ◽  
Pain Treatment ◽  
Pain Catastrophizing ◽  
Pain Interference ◽  
Direct Effects ◽  
Moderating Effects ◽  
Maladaptive Cognitions ◽  
And Function

AbstractBackground and aimsTrait behavioral inhibition represents a tendency to react with negative emotions - primarily worry - to cues which signal potential threats. This tendency has been hypothesized by a two-factor model of chronic pain to have direct effects on psychological and physical function in individuals with chronic pain, as well as to influence the associations between pain-related maladaptive cognitions and function. Our aim was to test these hypothesized associations in a sample of individuals who were being screened for possible interdisciplinary chronic pain treatment.MethodsEighty-eight patients referred to an interdisciplinary chronic pain management program were administered measures of average pain intensity, trait behavioral inhibition, kinesiophobia, pain catastrophizing, depressive symptoms, and pain interference. We then performed two linear regression analyses to evaluate the direct effects of trait behavioral inhibition on depressive symptoms and pain interference and the extent to which behavioral inhibition moderated the associations between kinesiophobia and pain catastrophizing, and the criterion variables.ResultsIn partial support of the study hypotheses, the results showed significant (and independent) direct effects of trait behavioral inhibition on depressive symptoms, and behavioral inhibition moderated the association between kinesiophobia and depression, such that there were stronger associations between kinesiophobia and depressive symptoms in those with higher dispositional sensitivity to fear-inducing stimuli. However, neither direct nor moderating effects of behavioral inhibition emerged in the prediction of pain interference.ConclusionsIf replicated in additional studies, the findings would indicate that chronic pain treatments which target both reductions in maladaptive cognitions (to decrease the direct negative effects of these on depressive symptoms) and the individual’s tendency to respond to pain with worry (as a way to buffer the potential effects of maladaptive cognitions on depressive symptoms) might be more effective than treatments that targeted only one of these factors.ImplicationsAdditional research is needed to further evaluate the direct and moderating effects of pain-related behavioral inhibition on function, as well as the extent to which treatments which target behavioral inhibition responses provide benefits to individuals with chronic pain.

Inward retail internationalization and exogenous – based outshopping on the US-Mexico border

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 434-449 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Hadjimarcou ◽  
Jessica Herrera ◽  
Dalila Salazar
Keyword(s):  
Medical Tourism ◽  
Border Zone ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Target Market ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Border Zones ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Mexico Border ◽  
Retail Managers

Purpose Previous research on the internationalization of retailing typically focused on retail companies crossing borders to enter other countries. Yet, a large number of people cross country borders to outshop in neighboring countries. This form of inward retail internationalization has received little attention in the literature. To address this void, the purpose of this paper is to investigate the strategies of retailers in a border zone setting. Design/methodology/approach The authors collected data from 109 US retailers on the USA–Mexico border. The survey instrument included questions that captured the participants’ opinions regarding the importance of Mexican consumers, retail mix strategies, performance issues and overall retailer characteristics. Findings The findings show that US retailers perceive cross-border consumers as important to their performance. Interestingly, the findings also suggest that border zone retailers do not adapt their retail mix strategies with this target market in mind. Research limitations/implications The research was conducted at one particular border zone with its own unique characteristics. It is not clear whether the authors’ findings would apply in other inward internationalization contexts (e.g. medical tourism) or border zones. Future research should delve much more deeply into understanding outshopping motivations in border zones, but also the reasons why retailers do not actively engage in marketing their establishments to this target market. Practical implications The authors’ findings have interesting implications for retail managers in border zones. While exogenous and uncontrollable advantages on one side of the border may attract customers away from the other side of the border, retail mix customization under the control of retail managers may actually stimulate similar or better results. Border zone retailers are encouraged to engage in efforts to understand the border zone consumer and engage in programs directly targeted at them. Originality/value The study is grounded in theory and empirically assesses the retailers’ own contributions to enhancing their inward internationalization performance. By using the model of secondary boundary effects developed by Clark (1994) as their theoretical prism, the authors have put forward hypotheses, which address the aforementioned issues.

scholarly journals Management of chronic pain

1997 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 86-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen P. Tyrer
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Acute Treatment ◽  
Pain Treatment ◽  
Medical Condition ◽  
Washington State ◽  
Pain Clinic ◽  
Pain Clinics ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Treatment Facilities ◽  
The Many

Until 50 years ago chronic pain was not considered to be a medical condition that required special evaluation and treatment facilities. Pain was considered to be an indicator of tissue damage and appropriate medical or surgical treatment was prescribed for this. The many patients who had continuing pain because of the results of disease or trauma or because acute treatment was unable to relieve the condition were not seen as suffering from a recognised pathological entity. It was not until a doctor, Sicilian-born John J. Bonica, had to pay his debts as a medical student through wrestling professionally, and later suffered persistent pain as a result, that chronic pain became a recognised condition in its own right. Bonica started a pain clinic in Tacoma, Washington State, in 1949 and wrote the first textbook on pain treatment, The Management of Pain, in 1953. There are now 2000–3000 pain clinics in the USA and almost 5000 worldwide.

Parasite defense mechanisms in bees: behavior, immunity, antimicrobials, and symbionts

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alison E. Fowler ◽  
Rebecca E. Irwin ◽  
Lynn S. Adler
Keyword(s):  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Immune Priming ◽  
Social Bees ◽  
Bee Health ◽  
Landscape Scales ◽  
And Function ◽  
Solitary Species

Parasites are linked to the decline of some bee populations; thus, understanding defense mechanisms has important implications for bee health. Recent advances have improved our understanding of factors mediating bee health ranging from molecular to landscape scales, but often as disparate literatures. Here, we bring together these fields and summarize our current understanding of bee defense mechanisms including immunity, immunization, and transgenerational immune priming in social and solitary species. Additionally, the characterization of microbial diversity and function in some bee taxa has shed light on the importance of microbes for bee health, but we lack information that links microbial communities to parasite infection in most bee species. Studies are beginning to identify how bee defense mechanisms are affected by stressors such as poor-quality diets and pesticides, but further research on this topic is needed. We discuss how integrating research on host traits, microbial partners, and nutrition, as well as improving our knowledge base on wild and semi-social bees, will help inform future research, conservation efforts, and management.

Attachment Organization in Suicide Prevention Research

Crisis ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda Venta ◽  
Carla Sharp
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Suicide Attempt ◽  
Interpersonal Relationships ◽  
Suicide Ideation ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Self Harm

Background: Identifying risk factors for suicide-related thoughts and behaviors (SRTB) is essential among adolescents in whom SRTB remain a leading cause of death. Although many risk factors have already been identified, influential theories now suggest that the domain of interpersonal relationships may play a critical role in the emergence of SRTB. Because attachment has long been seen as the foundation of interpersonal functioning, we suggest that attachment insecurity warrants attention as a risk factor for SRTB. Aims: This study sought to explore relations between attachment organization and suicidal ideation, suicide attempts, and self-harm in an inpatient adolescent sample, controlling for demographic and psychopathological covariates. Method: We recruited 194 adolescents from an inpatient unit and assigned them to one of four attachment groups (secure, preoccupied, dismissing, or disorganized attachment). Interview and self-report measures were used to create four variables reflecting the presence or absence of suicidal ideation in the last year, single lifetime suicide attempt, multiple lifetime suicide attempts, and lifetime self-harm. Results: Chi-square and regression analyses did not reveal significant relations between attachment organization and SRTB, although findings did confirm previously established relations between psychopathology and SRTB, such that internalizing disorder was associated with increased self-harm, suicide ideation, and suicide attempt and externalizing disorder was associated with increased self-harm. Conclusion: The severity of this sample and methodological differences from previous studies may explain the nonsignificant findings. Nonsignificant findings may indicate that the relation between attachment organization and SRTB is moderated by other factors that should be explored in future research.

Yoga as an Effective Mind--Body Therapy in Chronic-Pain Treatment

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Malinda Breda ◽  
Richard Gevirtz ◽  
Melanie A. Greenberg ◽  
James L. Spira
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Pain Treatment ◽  
Body Therapy ◽  
Chronic Pain Treatment

The Creative Healing Shift

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony Martello
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Severe Depression ◽  
Alternative Therapies ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Creative Therapies

Review of creative therapies to help manage chronic pain. The use of alternative therapies to provide relief to patients suffering from chronic pain, severe depression, and anxiety. Useful tools for psychotherapists and counselors who help clients that have chronic pain and dysfunctions.

scholarly journals Immune function during pregnancy varies between ecologically distinct populations

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (1) ◽  
pp. 114-128
Author(s):  
Carmen Hové ◽  
Benjamin C Trumble ◽  
Amy S Anderson ◽  
Jonathan Stieglitz ◽  
Hillard Kaplan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leukocyte Count ◽  
Total Leukocyte Count ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Differential Leukocyte Count ◽  
Ecological Conditions ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Immunological Changes ◽  
Fetal Antigens ◽  
Pathogen Exposure

Abstract Background and objectives Among placental mammals, females undergo immunological shifts during pregnancy to accommodate the fetus (i.e. fetal tolerance). Fetal tolerance has primarily been characterized within post-industrial populations experiencing evolutionarily novel conditions (e.g. reduced pathogen exposure), which may shape maternal response to fetal antigens. This study investigates how ecological conditions affect maternal immune status during pregnancy by comparing the direction and magnitude of immunological changes associated with each trimester among the Tsimane (a subsistence population subjected to high pathogen load) and women in the USA. Methodology Data from the Tsimane Health and Life History Project (N = 935) and the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (N = 1395) were used to estimate population-specific effects of trimester on differential leukocyte count and C-reactive protein (CRP), a marker of systemic inflammation. Results In both populations, pregnancy was associated with increased neutrophil prevalence, reduced lymphocyte and eosinophil count and elevated CRP. Compared to their US counterparts, pregnant Tsimane women exhibited elevated lymphocyte and eosinophil counts, fewer neutrophils and monocytes and lower CRP. Total leukocyte count remained high and unchanged among pregnant Tsimane women while pregnant US women exhibited substantially elevated counts, resulting in overlapping leukocyte prevalence among all third-trimester individuals. Conclusions and implications Our findings indicate that ecological conditions shape non-pregnant immune baselines and the magnitude of immunological shifts during pregnancy via developmental constraints and current trade-offs. Future research should investigate how such flexibility impacts maternal health and disease susceptibility, particularly the degree to which chronic pathogen exposure might dampen inflammatory response to fetal antigens. Lay Summary This study compares immunological changes associated with pregnancy between the Tsimane (an Amazonian subsistence population) and individuals in the USA. Results suggest that while pregnancy enhances non-specific defenses and dampens both antigen-specific immunity and parasite/allergy response, ecological conditions strongly influence immune baselines and the magnitude of shifts during gestation.

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