scholarly journals Pre- and Posttherapy Assessment of Intestinal Soluble Mediators in IBD: Where We Stand and Future Perspectives

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Scaldaferri ◽  
V. Petito ◽  
L. Lopetuso ◽  
G. Bruno ◽  
V. Gerardi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Process ◽  
Molecular Level ◽  
Adaptive Immune System ◽  
Mucosal Healing ◽  
Inflammatory Condition ◽  
Future Perspectives ◽  
Adaptive Immune ◽  
Abnormal Immune Response ◽  
Chronic Inflammatory Condition ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic inflammatory condition characterized by an abnormal immune response against food or bacterial antigens in genetically predisposed individuals. Several factors of innate and adaptive immune system take part in the inflammatory process, probably actively contributing in endoscopic and histological healing at molecular level. Although it is difficult to discriminate whether they are primary factors in determining these events or they are secondarily involved, it would be interesting to have a clear map of those factors in order to have a restricted number of potentially “good candidates” for mucosal healing. The present review will present a class of these factors and their modulation in course of therapy, starting from pathogenic studies involving several treatments associated with good clinical outcomes. This approach is meant to help in the difficult task of identifying “good candidates” for healing signatures, which could also be possible new therapeutic targets for clinical management of IBD patients.

scholarly journals The Immunological Basis of Inflammatory Bowel Disease

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesca A. R. Silva ◽  
Bruno L. Rodrigues ◽  
Maria de Lourdes S. Ayrizono ◽  
Raquel F. Leal
Keyword(s):  
Th17 Cells ◽  
Inflammatory Process ◽  
Adaptive Immune System ◽  
Treg Cells ◽  
Intestinal Wall ◽  
Adaptive Immune ◽  
Current State ◽  
Bowel Diseases ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
Inflammatory Profile

Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) are chronic ailments, Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis being the most important. These diseases present an inflammatory profile and they differ according to pathophysiology, the affected area in the gastrointestinal tract, and the depth of the inflammation in the intestinal wall. The immune characteristics of IBD arise from abnormal responses of the innate and adaptive immune system. The number of Th17 cells increases in the peripheral blood of IBD patients, while Treg cells decrease, suggesting that the Th17/Treg proportion plays an important role in the development and maintenance of inflammation. The purpose of this review was to determine the current state of knowledge on the immunological basis of IBD. Many studies have shown the need for further explanation of the development and maintenance of the inflammatory process.

Immune and nonimmune components orchestrate the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease

2011 ◽  
Vol 300 (5) ◽  
pp. G716-G722 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvio Danese
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Immune Cells ◽  
Bowel Disease ◽  
Inflammatory Process ◽  
Adaptive Immune System ◽  
Cell Type ◽  
Current Role ◽  
Adaptive Immune ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) pathogenesis is driven by the interactions between the innate and the adaptive immune system. Both systems are actually expressed not only by immune cells, but also by essentially all types of nonimmune cells. Nonimmune cells have classically been considered as simple targets of the aberrant inflammatory process occurring in IBD. However, the discovery that many of the functions traditionally attributed to immune cells are also performed by nonimmune cells has caused a shift to a multidirectional hypothesis in which nonimmune cells and even acellular elements are considered active players of IBD pathogenesis. The aim of this review is to summarize the current role played by each cell type in IBD pathogenesis.

Profiling of histone 3 lysine 27 acetylation reveals its role in a chronic DSS-induced colitis mouse model

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 296-307
Author(s):  
Meng Chen ◽  
Qinglan Li ◽  
Nan Cao ◽  
Yanan Deng ◽  
Lianyun Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Mouse Model ◽  
Bowel Disease ◽  
Inflammatory Condition ◽  
Histone 3 ◽  
Chronic Inflammatory Condition ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic inflammatory condition of the gastrointestinal tract.

scholarly journals Analysis of Gene Expression in Ceca of Helicobacter hepaticus-Infected A/JCr Mice before and after Development of Typhlitis

2003 ◽  
Vol 71 (7) ◽  
pp. 3885-3893 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew H. Myles ◽  
Robert S. Livingston ◽  
Beth A. Livingston ◽  
Jennifer M. Criley ◽  
Craig L. Franklin
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Immune Response ◽  
Intestinal Inflammation ◽  
Adaptive Immune System ◽  
Gamma Interferon ◽  
Helicobacter Hepaticus ◽  
Abnormal Immune Response ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
Immune Related Genes ◽  
Chronic Intestinal Inflammation

ABSTRACT The inflammatory bowel diseases, Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, are chronic inflammatory disorders of the gastrointestinal tract. The causes of these diseases remain unknown; however, prevailing theories suggest that chronic intestinal inflammation results from a dysregulated immune response to ubiquitous bacterial antigens. While a substantial body of data has been amassed describing the role of the adaptive immune system in perpetuating and sustaining inflammation, very little is known about the early signals, prior to the development of inflammation, that initiate and direct the abnormal immune response. To this end, we characterized the gene expression profile of A/JCr mice with Helicobacter hepaticus-induced typhlitis at month 1 of infection, prior to the onset of histologic disease, and month 3 of infection, after chronic inflammation is fully established. Analysis of the gene expression in ceca of H. hepaticus infected mice revealed 25 up-regulated and 3 down-regulated genes in the month-1 postinoculation group and 31 up-regulated and 2 down-regulated genes in the month-3 postinoculation group. Among these was a subset of immune-related genes, including interferon-inducible protein 10, monokine induced by gamma interferon, macrophage-induced protein 1 alpha, and serum amyloid A1. Semiquantitative real-time reverse transcriptase PCR confirmed the increased expression levels of these genes, as well as elevated expression of gamma interferon. To our knowledge, this is the first report profiling cecal gene expression in H. hepaticus-infected A/JCr mice. The findings of altered gene expression prior to the development of any features of pathology and the ensuing chronic disease course make this an attractive model for studying early host response to microbe-induced inflammatory bowel disease.

scholarly journals The Innate and Adaptive Immune System as Targets for Biologic Therapies in Inflammatory Bowel Disease

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (10) ◽  
pp. 2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grainne Holleran ◽  
Loris Lopetuso ◽  
Valentina Petito ◽  
Cristina Graziani ◽  
Gianluca Ianiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Bowel Disease ◽  
Adaptive Immune System ◽  
Biologic Therapies ◽  
Adaptive Immune ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel

scholarly journals URIC ACID AND TISSUE REPAIR

2015 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 290-292 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodrigo Araldi NERY ◽  
Barbara Stadler KAHLOW ◽  
Thelma L SKARE ◽  
Fernando Issamu TABUSHI ◽  
Adham do Amaral e CASTRO
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Uric Acid ◽  
Free Radicals ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Tissue Repair ◽  
Inflammatory Process ◽  
Oxygen Free Radicals ◽  
Adaptive Immune System ◽  
Adaptive Immune ◽  
Tissue Healing

Uric acid, a metabolic product of purines, may exert a role in tissue healing. In this review we will explore its role as an alarm initiating the inflammatory process that is necessary for tissue repair, as a scavenger of oxygen free radicals, as a mobilizer of progenitor endothelial cells and as supporter of adaptive immune system.

scholarly journals Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Potential Result from the Collusion between Gut Microbiota and Mucosal Immune System

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
pp. 440 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bei Yue ◽  
Xiaoping Luo ◽  
Zhilun Yu ◽  
Sridhar Mani ◽  
Zhengtao Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Bowel Disease ◽  
Adaptive Immune System ◽  
Mucosal Immune System ◽  
Adaptive Immune ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
And Control ◽  
Increased Susceptibility

Host health depends on the intestinal homeostasis between the innate/adaptive immune system and the microbiome. Numerous studies suggest that gut microbiota are constantly monitored by the host mucosal immune system, and any slight disturbance in the microbial communities may contribute to intestinal immune disruption and increased susceptibility to inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), a chronic relapsing inflammatory condition of the gastrointestinal tract. Therefore, maintaining intestinal immune homeostasis between microbiota composition and the mucosal immune system is an effective approach to prevent and control IBD. The overall theme of this review is to summarize the research concerning the pathogenesis of IBD, with particular focus on the factors of gut microbiota-mucosal immune interactions in IBD. This is a comprehensive and in-depth report of the crosstalk between gut microbiota and the mucosal immune system in IBD pathogenesis, which may provide insight into the further evaluation of the therapeutic strategies for IBD.

scholarly journals A Complicated Thread: Abdominal Actinomycosis in a Young Woman with Crohn Disease

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 377-381 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ari Nahum ◽  
Gregory Filice ◽  
Ashish Malhotra
Keyword(s):  
Crohn Disease ◽  
Intestinal Tract ◽  
Inflammatory Condition ◽  
Abdominal Infection ◽  
Abdominal Abscesses ◽  
Abdominal Actinomycosis ◽  
Chronic Inflammatory Condition ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
Indolent Disease ◽  
Intra Abdominal Infection

Crohn disease is a chronic inflammatory condition that primarily affects the gastrointestinal tract. Typical manifestations include fever, weight loss, fatigue, and abdominal pain, and abdominal abscesses and fistulae are frequent complications. Abdominal actinomycosis is a subacute or indolent disease associated with Actinomyces spp. Symptoms can be very similar to those of Crohn disease, and fistulae are also common. Since ulcerations in the intestinal tract are thought to be caused by Actinomyces escaping from the gut lumen and establishing intra-abdominal infection, it seems likely that abdominal actinomycosis may occur in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. We report a case of abdominal actinomycosis in a woman with active Crohn disease.

Prescribing for patients with inflammatory bowel disease

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 124-128
Author(s):  
Linda Nazarko
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Clinical Features ◽  
Bowel Disease ◽  
Response To Treatment ◽  
Inflammatory Condition ◽  
Chronic Inflammatory Condition ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
Specific Symptoms

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic inflammatory condition affecting the gastrointestinal tract. People with IBD normally present in primary care and may have non-specific symptoms. Diagnosis may be delayed and this can have an impact on response to treatment. This article aims to enable prescribers to be aware of the clinical features, investigations and management of IBD.

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