scholarly journals Antioxidant and Toxicity Studies of 50% Methanolic Extract ofOrthosiphon stamineusBenth

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mun Fei Yam ◽  
Chung Pin Lim ◽  
Lee Fung Ang ◽  
Lip Yee Por ◽  
Siew Tung Wong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydroxyl Radical ◽  
Superoxide Radical ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Toxicity Study ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Ferrous Ion ◽  
Subchronic Toxicity ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Toxicity Studies

The present study evaluated the antioxidant activity and potential toxicity of 50% methanolic extract ofOrthosiphon stamineus(Lamiaceae) leaves (MEOS) after acute and subchronic administration in rats. Superoxide radical scavenging, hydroxyl radical scavenging, and ferrous ion chelating methods were used to evaluate the antioxidant properties of the extract. In acute toxicity study, single dose of MEOS, 5000 mg/kg, was administered to rats by oral gavage, and the treated rats were monitored for 14 days. While in the subchronic toxicity study, MEOS was administered orally, at doses of 1250, 2500, and 5000 mg/kg/day for 28 days. From the results, MEOS showed good superoxide radical scavenging, hydroxyl radical scavenging, ferrous ion chelating, and antilipid peroxidation activities. There was no mortality detected or any signs of toxicity in acute and subchronic toxicity studies. Furthermore, there was no significant difference in bodyweight, relative organ weight, and haematological and biochemical parameters between both male and female treated rats in any doses tested. No abnormality of internal organs was observed between treatment and control groups. The oral lethal dose determined was more than 5000 mg/kg and the no-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL) of MEOS for both male and female rats is considered to be 5000 mg/kg per day.

scholarly journals The Subchronic Toxic Effects of Mosla chinensis Maxim in Normal Rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
Dan Lei ◽  
Longxue Li ◽  
Shenghong Huang ◽  
Li Liu ◽  
Pingdong Cai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intestinal Flora ◽  
Toxicity Study ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Toxic Effects ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Subchronic Toxicity ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Sd Rats ◽  
Significant Difference

Background. The aim of this work was to study the toxic effects and target organs of Mosla chinensis Maxim (MCM) in rats and provide theoretical basis for clinical medication. Methods. The subchronic toxicity study was conducted on 60 male and female SD rats using the fixed-dose method for the treatment groups and 20 male and female SD rats for the control. At the subchronic toxicity study, the water extract of MCM with fixed doses of 0.2 g/kg/day, 2 g/kg/day, and 20 g/kg/day was administered for 90 days intragastric, and the control group was given the same amount of distilled water. After 90 days, the general conditions of the rats were observed. Assessment on safety of the extract was conducted by a subchronic toxicity test which mainly examined alteration occurrence in gut flora and urine metabolism. Results. There was no significant difference in physical signs, reactivity, and stool characteristics in the four groups. Compared with the control group, the number of red blood cells in the male 2 g/kg/day group and the female 0.2 g/kg/day group was significantly different ( P < 0.05 ). The detection of serum biochemical indicators showed that MCM has an effect on liver and kidney function but has no physiological significance. The level of low-density lipoprotein in male rats was lower than that in the control group ( P < 0.05 ). Compared with the control group, the blood glucose levels of female rats in the 0.2 g/kg/day, 2 g/kg/day, and 20 g/kg/day groups were significantly increased ( P < 0.05 ). As far as the diversity of intestinal flora is concerned, feeding MCM for 90 days has an influence on the distribution of intestinal flora. The content of lactic acid bacteria increased, and the ratio of hard bacteria to Bacteroides (f/b) was also affected, but there was no significant difference. Conclusions. These findings showed that the long-term intragastric administration of the MCM is safe to use within its dose recommendation. But it could have a slight effect on the metabolism of uric acid by changing the composition of intestinal flora and affecting the metabolism of tryptophan.

scholarly journals Evaluation of acute oral toxicity study of essential oils (Eos) from Pogostemon benghalensis and P. cablin in Wistar rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 142-147
Author(s):  
DP Pradeep ◽  
K Murugan ◽  
G S Manoj
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Organ Weight ◽  
Toxicity Study ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Acute Oral Toxicity ◽  
Oral Toxicity ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Toxicity Studies

The use of crude herbal decoctions in the traditional treatment of diseases is a common practice.  Pogostemon benghalensis and P. cablin are commonly used for treatment of diverse categories of diseases such as infectious and non-infectious disease. Native people use the crude decoctions as bactericidal, antimalarial, anti-leshimania, anti-diarrheal and insecticidal activities. Its safety profile is not yet elucidated and therefore, this study was to analyze the acute toxicity of essential oils (Eos) from P. benghalensis and P. cablin as medicinal. Methods include acute toxicity study using male and female Wistar albino rats with single oral dose and followed up to 14 days as per the guidelines of OECD. Visual observations were carried regularly during the experimental period while body weight was measured weekly. Organ weight, clinical chemistry and hematology data were collected on the 7th and 14th days. Results were presented as mean ± standard deviation. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was carried. Oral administration of Eos from P. benghalensis and P. cablin revealed no treatment-related mortality in female rats up to the dose of 5000 mg/kg. In acute toxicity studies, no remarkable treatment related anomalies were observed compared to negative controls. Food consumption, body weight, organ weight, hematology did not showed sound variation between controls and treatment groups. However, creatinine, triglycerides, and monocytes were lower in the treated groups in 7th day as compared to control groups. No significant variations between male and female groups in relative organ weight, hematology were noticed. In conclusion, the Eos from P. benghalensis and P. cablin showed LD50 > 3000 mg/kg in acute toxicity studies. Keywords: Pogostemon benghalensis, P. cablin, traditional medicine, safety, plant medicine, adverse effect, acute oral toxicity

Acute and subacute toxicity assessment of Madhulai Manappagu (Siddha herbal syrup formulation) in animal model

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Meenakshi Sundaram Malayappan ◽  
Gayathri Natarajan ◽  
Logamanian Mockaiyathevar ◽  
Meenakumari Ramasamy
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Oral Route ◽  
Toxicity Assessment ◽  
Toxicity Study ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Oral Toxicity ◽  
Gross Pathology ◽  
Toxicity Studies

Abstract Objectives Madhulai Manappagu – a well-known sastric and widely prescribed Siddha herbal syrup formulation indicated for treating Veluppu Noi (Anaemia especially Iron deficiency Anaemia) has been in day today practice in Tamil Nadu for a quite longer decades. The syrup is a herbal preparation which has a sweet pleasant odour and a palatable taste, contain the juice of pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) as the main ingredient. Though the formulation is a fruit juice, the safety profile of the syrup is not established and is being marketed without toxicological evaluation. The study is aimed at ascertaining the acute and sub-acute toxicity assessment of Madhulai Manappagu in Wistar Albino rats. Methods The acute and sub-acute (28day repeated oral) toxicity studies were performed as per the guidelines mentioned in the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) 423 (adopted on December 2001) and TG 407 (adopted on October 2008) with slight modifications respectively. For acute toxicity study, three female rats were randomly selected as control; three female rats were randomly selected and were administered a single dose of 5,000 mg/kg body weight per oral route. For sub-acute (28day repeated oral) toxicity studies, three doses of test drug MM of 500 mg/kg/day (low dose), 750 mg/kg/day (intermittent dose) and 1,000 mg/kg/day (high dose) were selected for administration. Both sexes of Wistar Albino rats were randomized into four groups of 10 animals each (five males, five females). Group I was kept as control group. Group II, III and IV served as low, intermittent and high doses of MM respectively. Animals were observed for mortality, morbidity, body weight changes, feed and water intake. Haematology, clinical biochemistry, electrolytes, gross pathology, relative organ weight and histopathological examination were performed. Results In the acute toxicity study, rats showed no toxicological signs on behavior, gross pathology and body weight of rats when treated with a single dose of 5,000 mg/kg body weight per oral route. In the subacute (28 days repeated oral) toxicity study, rats have showed no significant changes on behavior, gross pathology, body weight, and hematological and biochemical parameters when treated with Madhulai Manappagu in three different doses. Conclusions The toxicity studies which include both acute and 28 days repeated (subacute) oral toxicity studies, revealed no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) of Madhulai Manappagu in animals. Thus the safety of the drug in human usage was ensured.

A 90-day subchronic toxicity study and reproductive toxicity studies on ACE-inhibiting lactotripeptide

2007 ◽  
Vol 45 (8) ◽  
pp. 1468-1477 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.P. Dent ◽  
S. O’Hagan ◽  
W.H. Braun ◽  
P. Schaetti ◽  
A. Marburger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Toxicity ◽  
Toxicity Study ◽  
Subchronic Toxicity ◽  
Toxicity Studies

scholarly journals Investigation of the Key Pharmacological Activities of Ficus racemosa and Analysis of Its Major Bioactive Polyphenols by HPLC-DAD

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salma Akter Sumi ◽  
Md. Afjalus Siraj ◽  
Amir Hossain ◽  
Md. Sagir Mia ◽  
Seagufta Afrin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Hydroxyl Radical ◽  
Cytotoxic Activity ◽  
Superoxide Radical ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Reducing Power ◽  
Tannin Content ◽  
Phenolic Constituents ◽  
Ficus Racemosa ◽  
Radical Scavenging Ability

Objective. Oxidative stress leads to numerous physiological disorders including infectious diseases, inflammation, and cancer. The present study was carried out to investigate antioxidant, antibacterial, and cytotoxic activity of methanol crude extract of leaves and fruits of the Ficus racemosa (LCME and FCME, resp.) and to analyse its major bioactive polyphenols by HPLC-DAD. Methods. Antioxidant capacity of the extracts was evaluated by DPPH free radical scavenging, reducing power, total phenolic, total flavonoid, total tannin content assay, superoxide radical, hydroxyl radical, and hydrogen peroxide scavenging assay. Identification and quantification of bioactive polyphenols were done by HPLC-DAD method. Antibacterial activity was tested by “disc diffusion” method. Brine shrimp lethality assay was carried out to check the cytotoxic potential. Result. Both LCME and FCME showed DPPH scavenging ability and concentration dependent reducing power activity. They had phenolic content, flavonoid content, and tannin content. Both the extracts showed superoxide radical scavenging ability, hydroxyl radical scavenging ability, and hydrogen peroxide scavenging ability. HPLC analysis of LCME and FCME indicated the presence of significant amount of gallic acid along with other phenolic constituents. Conclusion. Significant amount of gallic acid along with other phenolic constituents might have played an important role in the observed antioxidant, antibacterial, and cytotoxic activity.

scholarly journals Antioxidant Properties of the Leaves of Chromolaena odorata Linn

2013 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-57
Author(s):  
D Bhargava ◽  
CK Mondal ◽  
JN Shivapuri ◽  
S Mondal ◽  
S Kar
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Free Radical ◽  
Hydroxyl Radical ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Free Radical Scavenging ◽  
Rational Approach ◽  
Chromolaena Odorata

 Introduction: Chromolaena odorata Linn (Asteraceae) locally known as “Banmara” has the reputation of being used as a medicinal herb in Nepal. A systemic search for drug research in now considered to be a rational approach. Therefore in the present study an effort has been made to evaluate the antioxidant activity of the leaves of the above mentioned plant. Methods: In the present research work the ethanolic and methanolic extract of leaves of the plant C. odorata Linn was assessed for free radical scavenging and antioxidant activity. In this work the ability of the extract to scavenge nitric oxide, hydroxyl radical and 1,1-diphenyl-2- picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) were used to assess its free radical scavenging potentials. Results: The DPPH radical inhibition (%) was 59.10, 52.13 and 81.12 for ethanolic extract, methanolic extract and ascorbic acid respectively. Similarly ethanolic and methanolic extract  also showed significant free radical scavenging action against nitric oxide and hydroxyl radical. Conclusion: Against the backdrop of many known medicinal properties of this plant its ethanolic and methanolic extract of leaves reveals significant antioxidant properties. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.2126/joim.v35i1.8900   Journal of Institute of Medicine, April, 2013; 35:53-57

scholarly journals Subchronic Toxicity of Fish Oil Concentrates in Male and Female Rats.

2001 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 201-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Isaac RABBANI ◽  
Hamida Z. ALAN ◽  
Stuart J. CHIRTEL ◽  
Robert E. DUVALL ◽  
Randolph C. JACKSON ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fish Oil ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Subchronic Toxicity ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Male And Female Rats

scholarly journals Genotoxicity and acute and subchronic toxicity studies of a standardized methanolic extract of Ficus deltoidea leaves

Clinics ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 68 (6) ◽  
pp. 865-875 ◽  
Author(s):  
E Farsi ◽  
A Shafaei ◽  
SY Hor ◽  
MB Ahamed ◽  
MF Yam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Subchronic Toxicity ◽  
Ficus Deltoidea ◽  
Toxicity Studies

Subchronic toxicity studies on pentachloronitrosobenzene (PCNO) in female rats

1981 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 281-290 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Renner ◽  
B. Herforth ◽  
J.M. Gokel ◽  
G. Goerz ◽  
C. Luderschmidt
Keyword(s):  
Female Rats ◽  
Subchronic Toxicity ◽  
Toxicity Studies
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