scholarly journals Pattern and Trend of Substance Abuse in Eastern Rural Iran: A Household Survey in a Rural Community

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hasan Ziaaddini ◽  
Tayebeh Ziaaddini ◽  
Nouzar Nakhaee
Keyword(s):  
Substance Abuse ◽  
Rural Communities ◽  
Rural Community ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
Daily Basis ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Ease Of Access ◽  
Design And Methods

Introduction and Aim. Substance abuse imposes hazards on human health in all biopsychosocial aspects. Limited studies exist on epidemiology of substance abuse and its trend in rural areas. The present study aimed to compare substance abuse in one of the rural areas of southeast Iran, in a 12-year period (2000 and 2012).Design and Methods. In a household survey conducted in 2012, in Dashtkhak/Kerman, 1200 individuals above 12 years of age completed a questionnaire to determine their frequency of substance abuse. The questionnaire included the following three areas: demographic characteristics, frequency of substance abuse and ease of access to various drugs.Results. Among 900 completed questionnaires, majority of the participants (61.8%) were below 30 years of age and among them 54.4% were male. Cigarette (17.0%), opium (15.7%) and opium residue (9.0%) were the most frequent substances abused on a daily basis. Based on the participant’s opinion, we conclude that the ease of access to cigarette, waterpipe and opium contributed to their increase in consumption compared with earlier years.Discussion and Conclusion. The steady rise in substance abuse in rural communities demands immediate attention and emergency preventive measures from policy makers.

Essential multiple functions of farms in rural communities and landscapes

2010 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecka Milestad ◽  
Johan Ahnström ◽  
Johanna Björklund
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Community Development ◽  
Rural Community ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Human Services ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Local Processing ◽  
Job Opportunities ◽  
Action Groups

AbstractAs farms are consolidated into larger operations and small farms close down for economic reasons, rural areas lose ecological, social and economic functions related to farming. Biodiversity and scenic, open-vista landscapes are lost as fields are left unmanaged. Social and economic benefits such as local job opportunities and meeting places disappear. Four Swedish rural communities were examined to increase our understanding of the functions that a diverse agriculture provides and which of these are lost as farms cease operation and overall rural social capital is depleted. Workshops and interviews with village action groups and with farmers were carried out. Both groups identified key functions from farming that are important to the rural community, such as production of food and fiber, businesses and jobs, human services, local security, ecosystem services such as nutrient cycling and biodiversity, and functions pertaining to quality of life. Several ways in which village action groups can support agriculture were identified that current industrial agriculture and even agri-environmental schemes fail to achieve. These include organizing local meeting places, encouraging local processing and consumption and supporting farmers in their work. We conclude that agriculture and village action groups match well in community development and that policies supporting this match would be useful.

scholarly journals Opioid mortality in rural communities

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (31) ◽  
pp. 59-62
Author(s):  
Jonathan Kopel
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Opioid Therapy ◽  
Mortality Data ◽  
Opioid Overdose ◽  
Opioid Use ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Evidenced Based ◽  
Related Mortality

Opioid mortality has become a significant medical and economic burden in the UnitedStates, accounting for over 66.3% of drug-related overdoses and $78 billion dollars in healthcare costs. The current US “opioid crisis” has continued to grow with an estimated 2.5 millionpatients being diagnosed with opioid use disorders in 2016. In response, policy makers andgovernment agencies have initiated several programs to mitigate the adverse effects of opioidsthrough expanding access and delivery of evidenced-based treatment and rehabilitationprograms. Rural communities remain significant risk factors for opioid overdose and mortalityin areas lacking access to opioid therapy. Despite measures to provide access to rehabilitationand medical therapy, the opioid-related mortality rate in rural areas has increased significantlydue to greater opioid prescriptions in these areas, an out-migration of young adults, greaterrural social and kinship network connections, and economic stressors. However, limitedopioid-related mortality data in rural regions, such as West Texas, impede further analysisand investigation into effective programs for preventing and treating opioid overdoses in thesecommunities.

scholarly journals ECOLOGICAL SETTLEMENT AS A SELF-GOVERNMENT MODEL IN RURAL AREAS

2018 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 416-423 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kemble Walker ◽  
Mariia Plotnikova
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Rural Communities ◽  
International Cooperation ◽  
Rural Community ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Family Values ◽  
Community Management ◽  
Future Society ◽  
Improved Methods

There is a clear need in rural areas for improved methods of self-government. This study examines the most effective approaches to administration in rural communities. What are the most promising types of rural community management? We aim to assess trends in rural selfrehabilitation and development, including an international analysis of ecological and family homestead settlements as models of future society. These models represent an evolution of the traditional village capable of improving the population's quality of life. Family homestead settlements are the most common form of ecological settlement in Ukraine and foster family values, patriotism to the Homeland and effectively demonstrate successful self-government practices. Governance is achieved by way of the Veche, a collective authority, as well as through public organizations, public-private partnerships, regional and international cooperation.

scholarly journals Referred morbidity of an African descendant community in the eastern Amazonia

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
S Castelo-Branco ◽  
R P Santos ◽  
B R Santos ◽  
D D Pinnock ◽  
H P Silva
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Economic Class ◽  
Healthcare Needs ◽  
Life Habits ◽  
High Level

Abstract Background In the Amazon there are several quilombola communities, remnants of the enslaved peoples of African descendant. In Pará/Brazil (Eastern Amazonia) there are over 300 quilombola communities established in rural areas. The aim of this study is to investigate the living conditions and morbidity of individuals aged 18+ years who live in a quilombola community in the city of Ananindeua/Pará. Methods A cross-sectional study was done with 132 individuals (71.3% of the population). A household survey and a questionnaire evaluating socioeconomic, life habits and self-reported morbidity were conducted. Results Among the participants 90.2% belonged to the D/E economic class, 60.6% were women, the median age was 39.5 years (p = 0.343) and the per capita income was U$41.50/month with no difference between sexes (p = 0.266). 97.0% of the participants self-declared black or brown. Women had more education than men (7x5 years, p = 0.019). Most worked with agriculture and fishing (55.5%). 53.8% of men rated their health status as good while 41.0% of women rated their health as good (p = 0.002). 55.3% had never smoked cigarettes, 25.8% were ex-smokers, and 25.8% were smokers. More men (78.8%) used alcohol regularly than women (43.8%) (p = 0.000), among the users 32.5% reported weekly or daily use. The frequency of self-reported morbidity was as follows: Asthma 21.7%, Hypertension 10.6%, Diabetes 6.8%, Chronic infectious diseases 5.6%, Kidney disease 3.9%, Stroke 3.3%, Angina 3.1%, Liver disease 2.3%, Chronic heart failure 1.5%, with no difference between the sexes. Only 4.0% used medication for diabetes, and 7.6% for hypertension. Conclusions The study shows the social vulnerability of this quilombola community, which is similar to others in the region. The rural afro-derived Amazonian populations need to be empowered to help inform policy makers about their main health issues and healthcare needs. Key messages There are few studies about health of quilombola communities. This research shows the need for further investigations to produce sensible information and promote the empowerment of these populations. This study shows a high level of vulnerability of this community, similar to others in rural Amazon. Information about their health needs is fundamental to promotion of public policies in the region.

scholarly journals Influence of Wind Turbines on Farmlands’ Value: Exploring the Behaviour of a Rural Community through the Decision Tree

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (17) ◽  
pp. 9630
Author(s):  
Giovanni Ottomano Palmisano ◽  
Annalisa De Boni ◽  
Rocco Roma ◽  
Claudio Acciani
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Decision Tree ◽  
Rural Community ◽  
Wind Turbines ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Wind Farm ◽  
Wind Farms ◽  
Market Value ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Main Factors

The relationship between wind energy and rural areas leads to the controversial debate on the effects declared by rural communities after wind farms or single turbines are operative. The literature on this topic lacks dedicated studies analysing how the behaviour of rural communities towards wind turbines can affect the market value of farmlands. This research aims to examine to the extent to which the easement of wind turbines can influence the market value of farmlands in terms of willingness to pay (WTP) by a small rural community, and to identify the main factors affecting the WTP. Starting from data collected via face-to-face interviews, a decision tree is then applied to investigate the WTP for seven types of farmland in a rural town of Puglia Region (Southern Italy) hosting a wind farm. Results of the interviews show a broad acceptance of the wind farm, while the decision tree classification shows a significant reduction of WTP for all farmlands. The main factors influencing the WTP are the education level, the possibility to increase the income, the concerns for impacts on human health and for maintenance workmen. National and local policy measures have to be put in place to inform rural communities about the ‘magnitude’ of the effects they identified as crucial, so that policy-makers and private bodies will contribute to make the farmland market more equitable.

scholarly journals Zero Waste Rural Community Complex (ZWRC2)

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 105
Author(s):  
Hala Omar ◽  
Salah El-Haggar
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Rural Communities ◽  
Rural Community ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Solid Waste Management ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Municipal Solid Waste Management ◽  
Zero Waste ◽  
Cradle To Cradle

Millions of people living in rural areas in some developing countries are entombed in extreme poverty well beneath any definition of human decency. They live in squalid areas due to the absence of adequate sewage system, lack of agricultural and municipal solid waste management. As an easy and cheap solution to their problems, residents of rural communities either throw their wastes in the streets and in the nearest water way or burn them in the field. These unintended practices contribute to the deterioration of the quality of air, water, soil and food. In addition to the environmental problems, rural communities in developing countries suffer from illiteracy, unemployment, high risk for disease, high mortality rate, and low life expectancy. Due to this tragic situation, it became imperative to find a solution to reach zero pollution in rural areas. Since the emergence of the concept of sustainable development many efforts have been made to apply the ‘cradle-to-cradle’ approach in different sectors where all waste is used for the production of other goods. Unfortunately, the application of ‘cradle-to-cradle’ concept in rural communities to approach 100% full utilization of all types of wastes is not sufficiently explored. The aim of this paper is to propose solutions for the waste problem in rural areas through the concept of environmentally balanced rural complex called “Zero Waste Rural Community Complex (ZWRC2)”. The idea is to develop a complex in each rural community that groups compatible, simple and low cost technologies including briquetting, composting, biogas, and animal fodder. All wastes generated from the rural community will be transported to this complex and fully utilized as raw material to produce organic fertilizers, energy, animal fodder and other useful products depending on market need.

scholarly journals The Impacts of Digital Infrastructure Transformation on Livestock System Sustainability in Rural Communities

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leon Gwaka ◽  
Julian May ◽  
William Tucker
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Impact Assessment ◽  
Rural Community ◽  
Value Chain ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Digital Infrastructure ◽  
Context Specific ◽  
System Sustainability ◽  
Societal Problems ◽  
The Impact

Investments in digital infrastructure in marginalised communities are set to increase in the next decade. These are premised on the potential of digital technologies to contribute towards solving societal problems, including the fragility of food value chains in rural areas. Although there are mixed empirical findings on the impact of these digital infrastructure investments, huge investments are continuing amid changing ICT policies in most developing countries. This paper, using a case study of a local livestock value chain in a rural community in Zimbabwe, argues for the application of non-conventional approaches towards digital infrastructure transformation impact assessment. Using selected theories and frameworks (socio-ecological systems framework, choice framework and technology affordances theory) as well as empirical data from a project in a rural community, the paper shows that real-time impact assessment using context-specific metrics may reveal hidden digital infrastructure transformation impacts, positive and negative, that are often overlooked when traditional impact assessment approaches are employed. The findings of this study contribute towards improving approaches towards ICT impact assessment. Practitioners engaging in impact assessment are challenged to move beyond dependence on traditional metrics (e.g. access) to the adoption of participatory processes to decipher context-appropriate metrics.

scholarly journals THE EVALUATION OF VILLAGE ADMINISTRATION AS A GOVERNMENTAL AXIS TO ACHIEVE AUTONOMOUS AND PROSPEROUS VILLAGE (COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT IN CIAWI, BOGOR REGENCY, WEST JAVA)

ICCD ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 305-316
Author(s):  
Triyuni Soemartono ◽  
Enisar Sangun
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
National Development ◽  
Evaluation Process ◽  
Daily Basis ◽  
Self Evaluation ◽  
Village Community ◽  
Village Government ◽  
The Village ◽  
Ministerial Decree

The autonomy of village government offers an important role in the development of rural areas. The village government can serve as a governmental axis, which directly shapes and governs people on daily basis. Thus, national development is inseparable from the devotion of village government. Nevertheless, there are still many problems faced by the village community, which until now cannot be completely solved. These problems ranging from the limited ability of the village government in carrying out its functions and roles, slow growth and social change in village, the tendency of rural communities to passively involve in social and economic change to dependence on parties outside the village area. It is thus imperative that the implementation of an effective evaluation process of village government must be explored and strengthened. This is research is conducted to answer “how to evaluate the village government in order to achieve autonomous and prosperous village.” This research use descriptive qualitative approach, in order to interpret facts by accurately describing the nature of certain group or individual phenomena derived from the findings. It finds that Permendagri No. 81/2015 as the focal regulation on the development of village government regulates the evaluation process of village government into eight process: (1) self-evaluation, (2) assessment, (3) analysis, (4) validation, (5) review, (6) clarification, (7) ranking, and (8) ministerial decree if needed. However, the research finds that in several indicators, there need to be some improvement or a more detailed set of sub-indicators that specifically address the diversity of village’s characteristics.

scholarly journals The Future of Rurality: Place Attachment among Young Inhabitants of Two Rural Communities of Mediterranean Central Chile

2022 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 546
Author(s):  
Paulina Rodríguez-Díaz ◽  
Rocío Almuna ◽  
Carla Marchant ◽  
Sally Heinz ◽  
Roxana Lebuy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Young People ◽  
Rural Community ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Place Attachment ◽  
Rural Livelihoods ◽  
Rural Youth ◽  
Central Chile ◽  
Agricultural Communities ◽  
Connectedness To Nature

Rural livelihoods are under threat, not only from climate change and soil erosion but also because young people in rural areas are increasingly moving to urbanized areas, seeking employment and education opportunities. In the Valparaiso region of Chile, megadrought, soil degradation, and industrialization are driving young people to leave agricultural and livestock activities. In this study, our main objective was to identify the factors influencing young people living in two rural agricultural communities (Valle Hermoso and La Vega). We conducted 90 online surveys of young people aged 13–24 to evaluate their interest in living in the countryside (ILC). We assessed the effect of community satisfaction, connectedness to nature, and social valuation of rural livelihoods on the ILC. The results show that young people were more likely to stay living in the countryside when they felt satisfied and safe in their community, felt a connection with nature, and were surrounded by people who enjoyed the countryside. These results highlight the relevance of promoting place attachment and the feeling of belonging within the rural community. Chilean rural management and local policies need to focus on rural youth and highlight the opportunities that the countryside provides for them.

scholarly journals Legitimasi Kedudukan Kepala Desa dalam Penyelesaian Sengketa Agraria

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 309
Author(s):  
Sri Anggraini Kusuma Dewi ◽  
Rezky Panji Perdana Martua Hasibuan
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Rural Community ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Customary Law ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Legal Research ◽  
Community Justice ◽  
The Village

The agrarian disputes often occur in rural areas, considering that the majority of the livelihoods of rural communities are farmers. In this regard, rural communities also cannot be avoided from agrarian conflicts that occur between residents, including in terms of inheritance. This social legal research aims to analyze the factors causing the occurrence of agrarian conflicts in rural areas; and explain the role of the village head in dealing with disputes related to land. This empirical legal research uses a qualitative approach that is based on primary data and secondary data as obtained through a series of observations, interviews, and documentation. The results of the study indicate that rural communities tend to choose the head of village as the party that resolves agrarian disputes in rural areas. Therefore, the rural community perspective believes and considers the head of village to be able to provide a sense of community justice. The scheme used by the head of village is mediation or what is often called 'deliberation for consensus'. KEYWORDS: Land, Customary Law, Head of Village, Amadanom, Malang.

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